Gut-derived memory γδ T17 cells exacerbate sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Sepsis is a critical global health concern linked to high mortality rates, often due to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While the gut-lung axis involvement in ALI is recognized, direct migration of gut immune cells to the lung remains unclear. Our study reveals sepsis-induced migration of γδ T17 cells from the small intestine to the lung, triggering an IL-17A-dominated inflammatory response in mice. Wnt signaling activation in alveolar macrophages drives CCL1 upregulation, facilitating γδ T17 cell migration. CD44+ Ly6C- IL-7Rhigh CD8low cells are the primary migratory subtype exacerbating ALI. Esketamine attenuates ALI by inhibiting pulmonary Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-mediated migration. This work underscores the pivotal role of direct gut-to-lung memory γδ T17 cell migration in septic ALI and clarifies the importance of localized IL-17A elevation in the lung.

Loneliness and social isolation are associated with an increased risk of glaucoma: a UK Biobank cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness and social isolation have been found to be associated with various health-related outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of loneliness and social isolation with the risk of glaucoma. METHODS: A total of 373,330 participants from the UK Biobank without glaucoma at recruitment were included in this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to define loneliness and social isolation. Incident glaucoma events were identified by hospital inpatient admissions and self-reported data. COX proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.1 (interquartile range: 12.3-13.9) years, 6,489 participants developed glaucoma. After adjusting for confounding factors, loneliness (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.30; P = 0.009) and social isolation (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16; P = 0.033) were associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based prospective cohort study, loneliness and social isolation were associated with a higher risk of glaucoma.

State-of-the-art strategies to enhance the mechanical properties of microneedles.

Microneedles (MNs) have gained increasing attention in the biomedical field, owing to their notable advantages over injectable and transdermal preparations. The mechanical properties of MNs are the key to determine whether MNs can puncture the skin for efficient drug delivery and therapeutic purposes. However, there is still lacking of a systemic summary on how to improve the mechanical properties of MNs. Herein, this review mainly analyzes the key factors affecting the mechanical properties of MNs from the theoretical point of view and puts forward improvement approaches. First, we analyzed the major stresses exerted on the MNs during skin puncture and described general methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of MNs. We then provided detail examples to elucidate how the physicochemical properties of single polymer, formulation compositions, and geometric parameters affected the mechanical properties of MNs. Overall, the mechanical strength of MNs can be enhanced by tuning the crosslinking density, crystallinity degree, and molecular weight of single polymer, introducing polysaccharides and nano-microparticles as reinforcers to form complex with polymer, and optimizing the geometric parameters of MNs. Therefore, this review will provide critical guidance on how to fabricate MNs with robust mechanical strength for successful transdermal drug delivery.

Object-oriented multi-scale segmentation and multi-feature fusion-based method for identifying typical fruit trees in arid regions using Sentinel-1/2 satellite images.

Fruit tree identification that is quick and precise lays the groundwork for scientifically evaluating orchard yields and dynamically monitoring planting areas. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of time series Sentinel-1/2 satellite data for fruit tree classification and to provide a new method for accurately extracting fruit tree species. Therefore, the study area selected is the Tarim Basin, the most important fruit-growing region in northwest China. The main focus is on identifying several major fruit tree species in this region. Time series Sentinel-1/2 satellite images acquired from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform are used for the study. A multi-scale segmentation approach is applied, and six categories of features including spectral, phenological, texture, polarization, vegetation index, and red edge index features are constructed. A total of forth-four features are extracted and optimized using the Vi feature importance index to determine the best time phase. Based on this, an object-oriented (OO) segmentation combined with the Random Forest (RF) method is used to identify fruit tree species. To find the best method for fruit tree identification, the results are compared with three other widely used traditional machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART). The results show that: (1) the object-oriented segmentation method helps to improve the accuracy of fruit tree identification features, and September satellite images provide the best time window for fruit tree identification, with spectral, phenological, and texture features contributing the most to fruit tree species identification. (2) The RF model has higher accuracy in identifying fruit tree species than other machine learning models, with an overall accuracy (OA) and a kappa coefficient (KC) of 94.60% and 93.74% respectively, indicating that the combination of object-oriented segmentation and RF algorithm has great value and potential for fruit tree identification and classification. This method can be applied to large-scale fruit tree remote sensing classification and provides an effective technical means for monitoring fruit tree planting areas using medium-to-high-resolution remote sensing images.

Uncovering the Nonequilibrium Evolution Mechanism between Na2+2 δFe2- δ(SO4)3 Cathode and Impurities in the Na2SO4-FeSO4·7H2O Binary System for High-Voltage Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries are increasingly recognized as ideal for large-scale energy storage applications. Alluaudite Na2+2 δFe2- δ(SO4)3 has become one of the focused cathode materials in this field. However, previous studies employing aqueous-solution synthesis often overlooked the formation mechanism of the impurity phase. In this study, the nonequilibrium evolution mechanism between Na2+2 δFe2- δ(SO4)3 and impurities by adjusting ratios of the Na2SO4/FeSO4·7H2O in the binary system is investigated. Then an optimal ratio of 0.765 with reduced impurity content is confirmed. Compared to the poor electrochemical performance of the Na2.6Fe1.7(SO4)3 (0.765) cathode, the optimized Na2.6Fe1.7(SO4)3@CNTs (0.765@CNTs) cathode, with improved electronic and ionic conductivity, demonstrates an impressive discharge specific capacity of 93.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and a high-rate capacity of 67.84 mAh g-1 at 20 C, maintaining capacity retention of 71.1% after 3000 cycles at 10 C. The Na2.6Fe1.7(SO4)3@CNTs//HC full cell reaches an unprecedented working potential of 3.71 V at 0.1 C, and a remarkable mass-energy density exceeding 320 Wh kg-1. This work not only provides comprehensive guidance for synthesizing high-voltage Na2+2 δFe2- δ(SO4)3 cathode materials with controllable impurity content but also lays the groundwork of sodium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.

Engineering an upconversion fluorescence sensing platform with "off-on" pattern through specific DNAzyme-mediated signal amplification for supersensitive detection of uranyl ion.

An upconversion fluorescence sensing platform was developed with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as energy donors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as energy acceptors, based on the FRET principle. They were used for quantitative detection of uranyl ions (UO22+) by amplifying the signal of the hybrid chain reaction (HCR). When UO22+ are introduced, the FRET between AuNPs and UCNPs can be modulated through a HCR in the presence of high concentrations of sodium chloride. This platform provides exceptional sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 68 pM for UO22+ recognition. We have successfully validated the reliability of this method by analyzing authentic water samples, achieving satisfactory recoveries (89.00%-112.50%) that are comparable to those of ICP-MS. These results indicate that the developed sensing platform has the capability to identify trace UO22+ in complex environmental samples.

Effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on cancer: An umbrella review of meta-analysis.

Previous systematic evaluations and meta-analyses of the relationship between cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake and cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. Herein, we summarize and evaluate the existing data and examine the relationship between CV intake and cancer risk. We searched four databases for cancer risk as a key outcome indicator. AMSTAR-2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews, PRISMA 2020 was used to evaluate the report quality, and corrected coverage area analysis was used to evaluate the duplication rate of the original documents. Overall, 22 meta-analyses involving 175 independent cancer studies were included. Evidence on lung, gastric, prostate, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, as well as renal cell carcinoma, suggests a potential association between cancer and CV intake, which influences the risk of various cancers. Future research should focus on improving methods and techniques, controlling influencing factors, elucidating underlying mechanisms, and improving evidence quality to demonstrate the association between CV intake and cancer. The potential role of dietary CVs in cancer control has implications for public health policies.

Sequential delivery of photosensitizers and checkpoint inhibitors by engineered bacteria for enhanced cancer photodynamic immunotherapy.

Engineered bacteria-based cancer therapy has increasingly been considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy due to the development of synthetic biology. Wherein, engineering bacteria-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT)-immunotherapy shows greater advantages and potential in treatment efficiency than monotherapy. However, the unsustainable regeneration of photosensitizers (PSs) and weak immune responses limit the therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we developed an engineered bacteria-based delivery system for sequential delivery of PSs and checkpoint inhibitors in cancer PDT-immunotherapy. The biosynthetic pathway of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was introduced into Escherichia coli, yielding a supernatant concentration of 172.19 mg/L after 10 h of growth. And another strain was endowed with the light-controllable releasement of anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 nanobodies (anti-PD-L1). This system exhibited a collaborative effect, where PDT initiated tumor cell death and the released tumor cell fragments stimulated immunity, followed by the elimination of residual tumor cells. The tumor inhibition rate reached 74.97%, and the portion of activated T cells and inflammatory cytokines were reinforced. The results demonstrated that the engineered bacteria-based collaborative system could sequentially deliver therapeutic substance and checkpoint inhibitors, and achieve good therapeutic therapy. This paper will provide a new perspective for the cancer PDT-immunotherapy.

Revealing the graded activation mechanism of neurotensin receptor 1.

Graded activation contributes to the precise regulation of GPCR activity, presenting new opportunities for drug design. In this work, a total of 10 µs enhanced-sampling simulations are performed to provide molecular insights into the binding dynamics differences of the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) to the full agonist SRI-9829, partial agonist RTI-3a and inverse agonist SR48692. The possible graded activation mechanism of NTSR1 is revealed by an integrated analysis utilizing the reweighted potential of mean force (PMF), deep learning (DL) and transfer entropy (TE). Specifically, the orthosteric pocket is observed to undergo expansion and contraction, with the G-protein-binding site experiencing interconversions among the inactive, intermediate and active-like states. Detailed structural comparisons capture subtle conformational differences arising from ligand binding in allosteric signaling, which can well explain the graded activation. Critical microswitches that contribute to graded activation are efficiently identified with the DL model. TE calculations enable the visualization of allosteric communication networks within the receptor, elucidating the driver-responder relationships associated with signal transduction. Fortunately, the dissociation of the full agonist from the orthosteric pocket is observed. The current findings systematically reveal the mechanism of NTSR1 graded activation, and also provide implications for structure-based drug design.

Key genes and immune infiltration patterns and the clinical implications in psoriasis patients.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease, closely related to immune regulation. The aim was to understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis further, reveal potential therapeutic targets, and provide new clues for its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression profiling data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for skin tissues from healthy population and psoriasis patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis separately. Machine learning algorithms were used to obtain characteristic genes closely associated with psoriasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of the characteristic genes for psoriasis. The Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of immune cell infiltration. Correlation analysis was used to characterize the connection between gene expression and immune cell, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). RESULTS: A total of 254 DEGs were identified in the psoriasis group, including 185 upregulated and 69 downregulated genes. GO was mainly enriched in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to virus, and cytokine activity. KEGG was mainly focused on cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and IL-17 signaling pathway. GSEA was mainly in chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The machine learning algorithm screened nine characteristic genes C10orf99, GDA, FCHSD1, C12orf56, S100A7, INA, CHRNA9, IFI44, and CXCL9. In the validation set, the expressions of these nine genes increased in the psoriasis group, and the AUC values were all > 0.9, consistent with those of the training set. The immune infiltration results showed increased proportions of macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils in the psoriasis group. The characteristic genes were positively or negatively correlated to varying degrees with T cells and macrophages. Nine characteristic genes were highly expressed in the moderate to severe psoriasis group and positively correlated with PASI scores. CONCLUSION: High levels of nine characteristic genes C10orf99, GDA, FCHSD1, C12orf56, S100A7, INA, CHRNA9, IFI44, and CXCL9 were risk factors for psoriasis, the differential expression of which was related to the regulation of immune system activity and PASI scores, affecting the proportions of different immune cells and promoting the occurrence and development of psoriasis.

Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol in Treating Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach with Molecular Docking Validation.

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol is a potent phytochemical known for its potential in treating cardiometabolic multimorbidity. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study systematically investigates the effects of resveratrol on cardiometabolic multimorbidity and elucidates its mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. METHODS: We screened cardiometabolic multimorbidity-related targets using the OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases, and utilized the DSigDB drug characterization database to predict resveratrol's effects on cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Target identification for resveratrol was conducted using the TCMSP, SymMap, DrugBank, Swiss Target Prediction, CTD, and UniProt databases. SwissADME and ADMETlab 2.0 simulations were used to predict drug similarity and toxicity profiles of resveratrol. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed via the DAVID online platform, and target-pathway networks were established. Molecular docking validated interactions between core targets and resveratrol, followed by molecular dynamics simulations on the optimal core proteins identified through docking. Differential analysis using the GEO dataset validated resveratrol as a core target in cardiometabolic multimorbidity. RESULTS: A total of 585 cardiometabolic multimorbidity target genes were identified, and the predicted results indicated that the phytochemical resveratrol could be a major therapeutic agent for cardiometabolic multimorbidity. SwissADME simulations showed that resveratrol has potential drug-like activity with minimal toxicity. Additionally, 6703 targets of resveratrol were screened. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the main biological processes involved included positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of gene expression, and response to estradiol. Significant pathways related to MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were also identified. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated strong interactions between resveratrol and core targets such as MAPK and EGFR. CONCLUSIONS: This study predicts potential targets and pathways of resveratrol in treating cardiometabolic multimorbidity, offering a new research direction for understanding its molecular mechanisms. Additionally, it establishes a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of resveratrol.

Deleting an xylosidase-encoding gene VdxyL3 increases growth and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahlia.

Introduction: Verticillium dahliae causes a devastating Verticillium wilt disease on hundreds of plant species worldwide, including cotton. Understanding the interaction mechanism between V. dahliae and its hosts is the prerequisite for developing effective strategies for disease prevention. Methods: Here, based on the previous observation of an xylosidase-encoding gene (VdxyL3) in V. dahliae being obviously up-regulated after sensing root exudates from a cotton variety susceptible to this pathogen, we investigated the function of VdxyL3 in the growth and pathogenesis of V. dahliae by generating its deletion-mutant strains (ΔVdxyL3). Results: Deleting VdxyL3 led to increased colony expansion rate, conidial production, mycelial growth, carbon and nitrogen utilization capacities, and enhanced stress tolerance and pathogenicity of V. dahliae. VdxyL3 is a secretory protein; however, VdxyL3 failed to induce cell death in N. benthamiana based on transient expression experiment. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1300 genes differentially expressed (DEGs) between wild-type (Vd952) and ΔVdxyL3 during infection, including 348 DEGs encoding secretory proteins, among which contained 122 classical secreted proteins and 226 non-classical secreted proteins. It was notable that of the 122 classical secretory proteins, 50 were carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and 58 were small cysteine rich proteins (SCRPs), which were required for the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. Conclusion: The RNA-seq data thus potentially connected the genes encoding these proteins to the pathogenesis of V. dahliae. This study provides an experimental basis for further studies on the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton and the pathogenic mechanism of the fungus.

Role of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in CH4 fluxes from rice paddies under elevated CO2 concentration and elevated temperature.

The differential responses of methanogenesis and methanotrophy to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) (e[CO2]) and elevated temperature ([T]) (e[T]) may lead to dramatic changes in the response of CH4 emissions from rice paddies to global warming. In this study, we systematically investigated the responses and mechanisms of CH4 flux from rice paddies to e[CO2] and e[T] based on the production and oxidation of CH4. The CH4 flux, soil properties, and soil methanogenesis and methanotrophy were observed under CK (ambient [CO2] + ambient [T]), EC (e[CO2] by 200 µmol mol-1 + ambient [T]), ET (ambient [CO2] + e[T] by 2 °C), and ECT (e[CO2] by 200 µmol mol-1 + e[T] by 2 °C) treatments. The results revealed that EC, ET, and ECT significantly increased the cumulative amount of CH4 (CAC) in the rice paddies by 10.63, 15.20, and 11.77 kg ha-1, respectively, compared with CK. ECT increased the CAC in the rice paddies by 1.14 kg ha-1 compared with EC. Moreover, EC, ET, and ECT significantly enhanced the methane production potential (MPP) and methane oxidation potential (MOP) and tended to increase the mcrA gene abundance of the methanogens. EC tended to prompt the pmoA gene abundance of the methanotrophs, but the effect of ET on the pmoA gene abundance was less consistent across the growth stages. ECT significantly decreased the relative abundances of Methanosarcina and Methylocystis (Type II) by 4.9 % and 14.2 %, respectively, while it increased the relative abundance of Methylosarcina (Type I) by 24.0 % compared with CK. Overall, the increased MPP/MOP, mcrA/pmoA, and microbial biomass carbon under climate change increased the CH4 flux from the rice paddies. The contribution of e[CO2] to the CH4 flux was significantly enhanced by e[T], which could further exacerbate the risk of global climate change induced by e[CO2].

Development and characteristic research on new thermal insulation and anti-permeability grouting material for tunnels in cold regions.

The surrounding rock of tunnels in cold regions are susceptible to the freeze-thaw cycle resulting from the combination of low temperatures and moisture during tunnel service. The phenomenon will not only lead to the expansion of pores and fissures in the surrounding rock of the initial tunnel, but also destroy the integrity of the rock. This destruction will have a serious impact on tunnel structure and rail transit operation safety. At present, the commonly used thermal insulation measures have some problems such as maintenance difficulties, low economic efficiency, and safety hazards. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of tunnel maintenance grouting material with insulation and anti-permeability, which has the characteristics of simple operation, easy preparation and application. We independently developed a composite grouting material composed of polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (E-51) and acrylic powder (PMMA). Through the material combustion test, magnesium hydroxide was selected as the flame retardant additive. Moreover, we measured the thermal conductivity, water absorption, apparent density, porosity and strength characteristic parameters. The thermal insulation and anti-permeability characteristics of the composites were also analyzed. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the new composite grouting material is 6.3% lower than the PU before adding flame retardant. Compared with the PU with flame retardant, the water absorption decreased by 74.4% and the ultimate strength increased by 33.3%. For the area with an average temperature lower than - 10 °C, we recommend the ratio scheme of E-51: 3%; PMMA: 15%. For the area with high water content in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, we recommend the ratio scheme of E-51: 15%; PMMA: 3%. This study provides new ideas for material preparation and tunnel insulation methods for anti-freezing measures in tunnels during their operational period in cold regions.

Vibrational stability improvement of a mirror system using active mass damping.

Addressing the demand for high stability of beamline instruments at the SHINE facility, a high stability mirror regulating mechanism has been developed for mirror adjustments. Active mass damping was adopted to attenuate pitch angle vibrations of mirrors caused by structural vibrations. An internal absolute velocity feedback was used to reduce the negative impact of spillover effects and to improve performance. The experiment was conducted on a prototype structure of a mirror regulating mechanism, and results showed that the vibration RMS of the pitch angle was effectively attenuated from 47 nrad to 27 nrad above 1 Hz.

Sex differences in the impact of frailty on patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study.

AIMS: Limited literature shows the existence of sex differences in the long-term prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients with frailty. In this study, whether sex differences exist in the impact of frailty on death from cardiovascular causes in patients with HF was investigated by conducting a retrospective cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (2009-2018) were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 958 participants with HF. Patients were grouped based on sex and frailty index (FI). The relationship between death from cardiovascular causes and baseline frailty was assessed by Cox proportional hazard analysis and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plot. The study population had an age of 67.3 ± 12.3. Among them, around 54.5% were male. A median follow-up of 3.6 years was performed. After that, females who died from cardiovascular causes exhibited higher baseline FI values, while males did not show this trend (P < 0.05; P = 0.1253). Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between FI and cardiovascular mortality in females (most frail: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 ~ 12.39, P < 0.05; per 1-unit increase in FI: HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.33 ~ 2.39, P < 0.001). A dose-response association between FI and cardiovascular mortality was presented by restricted cubic splines. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in HF patients, particularly female patients.

Phase stabilization via A-site ion anchoring for ultra-stable perovskite light emitting diodes.

A novel ion anchoring strategy stabilizes the perovskite phase, yielding ambient stable perovskite films and ultra-stable perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an unprecedented operational half-lifetime over 37.2 years at 100 cd m-2 and exceeding 27% efficiency, marking a new stability benchmark for next-generation display and lighting applications.

Construction of hyperbranched imprinted nanomaterials for selective adsorption of cadmium (II).

A hyperbranched ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) material containing multiple selective adsorption sites was synthesized using halloysite nanotubes, methyl acrylate, and ethylenediamine in the presence of a template ion [i.e. Cd (II) heavy metal]. The successful preparation of the Cd-IIP composition was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, TGA, and elemental analysis. The polymers exhibited good adsorption of Cd (II) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 64.37 mg·g-1. The imprinting factor (α) for Cd (II) was 2.62 and the selection factor (ß) was 1.78, indicating a specific adsorption of Cd (II) ion. The selection coefficients of Cd-IIP for Cd (II)/Pb (II), Cd (II)/Cu (II), Cd (II)/Ni (II), Cd (II)/Cr (III), and Cd (II)/Na (I) also indicated an excellent selectivity of the hyperbranched polymers for Cd (II) in the presence of competitive ions. The removal efficiency remained more than 75% after five cycles of desorption/adsorption. We envision that the HNTs based Cd-IIP has promising applications in the removal of Cd (II) from wastewater.

Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Epilepsy: Diagnostic and Immune Insights.

Epilepsy is characterized by a multifaceted aetiology. Ferroptosis has recently been implicated in seizure pathophysiology, although its mechanistic role in epilepsy remains obscure. We examined the roles of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in epilepsy cohorts from the GSE143272 dataset. We investigated the associations between gene expression and the immune response by performing CIBERSORT and MCP-counter analyses. By employing unsupervised consensus clustering and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we delineated robust gene clusters across cohorts. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GSE201048 dataset provided insights into the interactions between pivotal ferroptosis-related genes and immune cells. Additionally, we employed qRT‒PCR technology to measure the levels of these central genes in the tissues of epileptic patients and mice. Our findings revealed seven pivotal genes (TFRC, POR, PTGS2, RELA, PGD, TRIM21, and QSOX1) at the forefront in epilepsy specimens. A diagnostic model harnessing these genes exhibited substantial efficacy (AUC = 0.913). Similarly, the qRT‒PCR analysis of samples from epileptic patients and mouse epileptic brain tissues substantiated these findings. Stratification of 91 patients with epilepsy via WGCNA, based on gene expression, revealed distinct immunological profiles. The scRNA-seq data further indicated increased expression of central genes in macrophages and microglia. Notably, these cells and those with elevated ferroptosis scores were significantly enriched in inflammation-related pathways. These findings support the strong involvement of FRGs in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, particularly neuroinflammation. These central genes hold promise as novel diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy.

Boosting the Electrical Transfer by Molybdenum Doping for Robust and Flexible NiSe-Based Supercapacitor.

NiSe is a promising electrode material for enhancing the energy density of supercapacitors, but it faces challenges such as sensitivity to electrolyte anions, limited specific capacity, and unstable cycling. This study employs a strategy of metal atom doping to address these issues. Through a hydrothermal reaction, Mo-doped NiSe demonstrates significant improvement in electrochemical performance, exhibiting high capacity (799.90 C g-1), splendid rate performance, and excellent cyclic stability (90% capacity retention). The introduction of Mo induces charge redistribution in NiSe, leading to a reduction in the band gap. Theoretical calculation reveals that Mo doping can effectively enhance the electrical conductivity and the adsorption energy of NiSe. A flexible printed hybrid Mo-doped NiSe-based supercapacitor is fabricated, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance (367.04 mF cm-2) and the ability to power timers, LEDs, and toy fans. This research not only deepens the understanding of the electrochemical properties of metal-doped NiSe but also highlights its application potential in high-performance supercapacitors.