ABSTRACT
It is of great significance for the sustainable development of regional agriculture to understand the changes of agricultural climate resources during the growth period of local main crops. Based on data from 15 meteorological stations in tobacco planting area of Panxi region, Sichuan, from 1961 to 2017, the average temperature, diurnal temperature range, water deficit, and radiation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural climate resources such as light, temperature, and water in the whole growth period and each growth stages respectively. From 1961 to 2017, the average temperature of tobacco during the whole growth period gradually decreased from south to north in Panxi, while temperature showed an increasing trend in most areas. The area with significantly increased temperature accounted for 54.5% of the total planting area. The diurnal temperature range in most area of the eastern Panxi and some of the central Panxi showed an upward trend, and these areas accounted for 76.4% of the whole Panxi region. Water deficit gradually decreased from south to north, with an increasing trend in the whole region. The radiation during the growth stage of tobacco was high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the climatic tendency was positive values in the southwest. During the study period, average temperature was the highest in the period from vigorous growth to the beginning of maturity, with an overall upward trend. The diurnal temperature rage and water deficit were the highest in transplanting squatting seedling stage. Radiation was the highest at the beginning of maturity, which increased slightly at the beginning of seedling growth.
Subject(s)
Climate Change , Nicotiana , Agriculture , China , Crops, Agricultural , TemperatureABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis is characterized, as an inflammatory disorder in the circulatory system, with increasing tendency toward mortality and morbidity. Thus, developing novel therapeutic targeting inflammation is necessary. Here, we investigated the effects of interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36RN), a newly identified anti-inflammatory factor, on atherosclerosis. The regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by IL-36RN was determined in vitro in macrophage cells after oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation. The IL-1ß and caspase-1 p10 secretion were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Finally, the IL-36RN/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was confirmed in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. IL-36RN suppressed the expression of NLRP3, the secretion of IL-1ß, and caspase-1 p10 in vitro, while IL-36 pathway stimulation activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was inhibited by IL-36RN. In the mouse model of atherosclerosis, IL-36RN delivered by the lentivirus vector inhibited the development of atherosclerosis, and the atheroprotective effects of IL-36RN were attenuated by IL-36 pathway stimulation. Furthermore, the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by IL-36RN was also confirmed in vivo. We demonstrated here that IL-36RN exerted atheroprotective functions through IL-36RN/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/genetics , Interleukin-1/genetics , Interleukins/genetics , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , Animals , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Caspase 1/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Inflammasomes/genetics , Inflammasomes/metabolism , Inflammation , Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Shenfu Injection (SF) on the apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: We divided prostate cancer PC-3 cells into a blank control group and three experimental groups, the latter treated with SF at 50, 100, and 200 microl/ml, respectively, for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then we determined the proliferation of the cells by MTT assay, measured their apoptosis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, and detected the expression of P53 mRNA by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the survival rates of the prostate cancer PC-3 cells in the 50, 100, and 200 microl/ml SF groups were (93.76 +/- 2.63)%, (81.21 +/- 1.80)% and (18.01 +/- 3.84)% at 24 hours, (94.67 +/-1.11)%, (78.33 +/- 2.89)% and (10.34 +/- 1.44)% at48 hours, and (91.30 +/- 0.47)%, (36.67 +/- 1.56)% and (1.33 +/- 0.32)% at 72 hours, all significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The expression of p53 mRNA was also markedly increased in all the three experimental groups at 48 hours (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: SF can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of PC-3 cells, which may due to its upregulation of the p53 mRNA expression.