Magnetic resonance imaging combined with serum endolipin and galactagoglobin-3 to diagnose cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3 (Gal-3) can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction. AIM: To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus, including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups. Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins, and Gal-3, and cranial MRI was performed at admission. Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters. RESULTS: Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). The arterial wall area, vessel area, normalized wall index, and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group, while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher (36.36%, P < 0.05). The percentage of large (29.03%) and multiple infarcts (33.87%) in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher (13.64% and 20.45%), and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower (37.10% vs 65.91%) (P < 0.05). The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher (69.32%), while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06% higher (26.14%) (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques. MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve, the Yoden index, sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend, and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe. MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci. This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.

Merging Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones Excitation with Cobaloxime Catalysis: C3 Alkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Unactivated Alkyl Iodides and Carboxylic Acids under Light.

Reported herein is a practical, economical, and efficient construction of 3-alkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alkyl carboxylic acids and alkyl iodides by quinoxalin-2(1H)-one excitation and cobaloxime catalysis. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides and carboxylic acids all could be efficiently transferred into target products with excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanism studies reveal that the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives could be directly excited and yield alkyl carbon radicals from alkyl carboxylic acids and alkyl iodides with the aid of the cobaloxime complex.

[Effects of Different Proportions of Ammonium Sulfate Replacing Urea on Soil Nutrients and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities].

In order to investigate the effects of ammonium sulfate, an industrial by-product, on soil nutrients and microbial community when applied in different proportions instead of using urea as nitrogen fertilizer, a pot corn experiment was conducted. A completely randomized block experimental design was used, with a total of five treatments:CK (no fertilization), U10S0 (100 % urea), U8S2 (80 % urea + 20 % ammonium sulfate), U6S4(60 % urea + 40 % ammonium sulfate), and U0S10 (100 % ammonium sulfate). The basic physical and chemical properties of soil and the dry weight of maize plants were determined by conventional methods, and microbial sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. The experiment results showed that:① In each growth stage of maize, the pH of soil treated with fertilization (7.85-8.15) was decreased compared with that of CK (8.1-8.21), and the pH showed a decreasing trend with the increase in ammonium sulfate content. ② The soil available nitrogen content increased gradually with the increase in the ammonium sulfate ratio at each growth stage of maize. Compared with that in the CK and U10S0 treatments, the ratio in the U0S10 treatment increased 30.56 % to 63.68 % and 13.22 % to 38.43 %, respectively. The variation trend of organic carbon content was opposite to that of available nitrogen (U8S2 > U6S4 > U0S10), and the addition of ammonium sulfate was still higher than that of U10S0 at other growth stages except for the seedling stage. ③ The protease activity of all fertilization treatments was higher than that of the control, and the protease activity was gradually enhanced with the continuous growth of corn and the increase in the ammonium sulfate ratio. The protease activity of the U0S10 treatment was higher than that of the U10S0 treatment at each growth stage of corn, which increased by 10.54 %-100 %. Soil sucrase activity ranged from 0.04 to 0.24 mg·(g·24 h)-1, and those in the U0S10 treatments were significantly higher than those in the U10S0 and CK treatments at all growth stages, increasing by 20.32 % to 99.16 % and 24.31 % to 79.33 %, respectively. ④ The species abundance of bacteria and fungi in maize rhizosphere under all fertilization treatments were lower than those under the CK treatment, followed by those under the U10S0 treatment. The species diversity trend of the bacterial community in the three treatments with ammonium sulfate replacing urea were U8S2 > U0S10 > U6S4, and that of fungi were U6S4 > U8S2 > U0S10. ⑤ The maize dry weight of the U10S0 treatment and U0S10 treatment was the highest, which was 39.47 % and 36.16 % higher than that of the CK treatment, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The Pearson model showed that the species abundance and diversity of soil rhizosphere fungi and bacteria were affected by relevant environmental variables, among which pH value and soil available nitrogen content were the most important factors affecting microbial diversity. In conclusion, when corn planting in calcareous brown soil, replacing urea with a certain proportion of ammonium sulfate can improve soil nutrients more than urea alone, which affects the growth and rhizosphere microbial community of corn to a certain extent and has a greater yield.

Classification and clinical significance of immunogenic cell death-related genes in Plasmodium falciparum infection determined by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that plays a crucial role in activating the immune system in response to various stressors, including cancer cells and pathogens. However, the involvement of ICD in the human immune response against malaria remains to be defined. METHODS: In this study, data from Plasmodium falciparum infection cohorts, derived from cross-sectional studies, were analysed to identify ICD subtypes and their correlation with parasitaemia and immune responses. Using consensus clustering, ICD subtypes were identified, and their association with the immune landscape was assessed by employing ssGSEA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest) were used to identify ICD-associated hub genes linked with high parasitaemia. A nomogram visualizing these genes' correlation with parasitaemia levels was developed, and its performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: In the P. falciparum infection cohort, two ICD-associated subtypes were identified, with subtype 1 showing better adaptive immune responses and lower parasitaemia compared to subtype 2. DEGs analysis revealed upregulation of proliferative signalling pathways, T-cell receptor signalling pathways and T-cell activation and differentiation in subtype 1, while subtype 2 exhibited elevated cytokine signalling and inflammatory responses. PPI network construction and machine learning identified CD3E and FCGR1A as candidate hub genes. A constructed nomogram integrating these genes demonstrated significant classification performance of high parasitaemia, which was evidenced by AUC values ranging from 0.695 to 0.737 in the training set and 0.911 to 0.933 and 0.759 to 0.849 in two validation sets, respectively. Additionally, significant correlations between the expressions of these genes and the clinical manifestation of P. falciparum infection were observed. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the existence of two ICD subtypes in the human immune response against P. falciparum infection. Two ICD-associated candidate hub genes were identified, and a nomogram was constructed for the classification of high parasitaemia. This study can deepen the understanding of the human immune response to P. falciparum infection and provide new targets for the prevention and control of malaria.