Highly sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium via gold and magnetic nanoparticle-mediated sandwich hybridization coupled with ICP-MS.

Foodborne pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) are responsible for over 600 million global incidences of illness annually, posing a significant threat to public health. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), coupled with element labeling strategies, has emerged as a promising platform for multivariate and accurate pathogen detection. However, achieving high specificity and sensitivity remains a critical challenge. Herein, we synthesize clustered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to conjugate capture and report DNA probes for S. typhimurium, respectively. These engineered nanoparticles facilitate the identification of S. typhimurium DNA through a sandwich hybridization technique. ICP-MS quantification of Au within the sandwich-structure complexes allows for precise S. typhimurium detection. The unique morphology of the AuNPs and MNPs increases the available sites for probe attachment, enhancing the efficiency of S. typhimurium DNA capture, broadening the detection range to 101-1010 copies mL-1, and achieving a low detection limit of 1 copy mL-1, and the overall assay time is 70 min. The high specificity of this method is verified by anti-interference assays against ten other pathogens. The recovery was 96.8-102.8% for detecting S. typhimurium DNA in biological samples. As these specially designed nanoparticles may facilitate the attachment of various proteins and nucleic acid probes, they may become an effective platform for detecting multiple pathogens.

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Energy Yield of Pyrolysis Gas from Apple Tree Branches.

Although the annual branches of apple trees are substantial, most of them are discarded or incinerated, resulting in a significant waste of resources and environmental pollution concerns. Therefore, it has become necessary and urgent to recycle these branches. Compared with crop straw, apple tree pruning branches exhibit a relatively elevated lignin content, which makes them an optimal feedstock for generating high-quality pyrolysis gases. Energy yield can comprehensively measure the gas production and heat value of the pyrolysis gas. Herein, the effect of reaction conditions on the energy yield of the pyrolysis gas is systematically investigated. The single-factor experimental results show that the optimal conditions are 750 °C reaction temperature, 2 °C/min heating rate, and 120 min holding time. The central composite design test of the response surface establishes that temperature has the most impact, followed by heating rate and holding time. In addition, a regression model is constructed to predict the energy yield of the pyrolysis gas. The analysis of interactions between factors indicates that factors within the lower temperature zones, higher heating rate, and shorter holding time have a more significant influence on the energy yield. These findings provide crucial guidance for the efficient production of pyrolysis gas from apple tree branches.

Identification of diagnostic signature and immune microenvironment subtypes of venous thromboembolism.

The close link between immune and pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been recognized, but not fully elucidated. The current study was designed to identify immune microenvironment related signature and subtypes using explainable machine learning in VTE. We first observed an alteration of immune microenvironment in VTE patients and identified eight key immune cells involved in VTE. Then PTPN6, ITGB2, CR2, FPR2, MMP9 and ISG15 were determined as key immune microenvironment-related genes, which could divide VTE patients into two subtypes with different immune and metabolic characteristics. Also, we found that prunetin and torin-2 may be most promising to treat VTE patients in Cluster 1 and 2, respectively. By comparing six machine learning models in both training and external validation sets, XGboost was identified as the best one to predict the risk of VTE, followed by the interpretation of each immune microenvironment-related gene contributing to the model. Moreover, CR2 and FPR2 had high accuracy in distinguishing VTE and control, which may act as diagnostic biomarkers of VTE, and their expressions were validated by qPCR. Collectively, immune microenvironment related PTPN6, ITGB2, CR2, FPR2, MMP9 and ISG15 are key genes involved in the pathogenesis of VTE. The VTE risk prediction model and immune microenvironment subtypes based on those genes might benefit prevention, diagnosis, and the individualized treatment strategy in clinical practice of VTE.

Activation of alkyl hydroperoxides by manganese complexes of tmtacn for initiation of radical polymerisation of alkenes.

The activation of alkyl hydroperoxides to generate radicals is a key step in the initiation of radical polymerisations in many industrial applications, not least protective coatings. Cobalt soaps (Co(ii) alkyl carboxylates) are highly effective catalysts under ambient conditions but viable alternatives based on less scarce catalysts are desirable, with especially iron and manganese catalysts showing potential. Manganese complexes of the ligand N,N',N″-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tmtacn) are long established as catalysts for organic oxidations with H2O2, however their reactivity with alkyl hydroperoxides is less studied especially in apolar solvents. Here we show that this family of complexes can be employed as catalysts for the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides in apolar solvents such as styrene/methyl methacrylate mixtures and resins based on styrene/bisphenol-A based diglycidyl ether bismethacrylate (BADGE-MA). The progress of alkene polymerisation in crosslinking resins is followed by Raman spectroscopy to establish its dependence on the oxidation state of the manganese catalyst used, as gelation time and onset of autoacceleration are of particular interest for many applications. We show, through reaction progress monitoring with UV/vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy, that the stability of the manganese complexes in the resin mixtures has a substantial effect on curing progress and that the oxidation state of the resting state of the catalyst is most likely Mn(ii), in contrast to reactions with H2O2 as oxidant in which the oxidation state of the resting state of catalyst is Mn(iii). Manganese complexes of tmtacn are shown to be capable initiators of alkene radical polymerisations, and their rich coordination and redox chemistry means that resin curing kinetics can potentially be tuned more readily than with cobalt alkyl carboxylates.

Targeting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Hawthorn Ethanol Extract (HEE): A Comprehensive Examination of Hepatic Lipid Reduction and Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Recent studies have highlighted the lipid-lowering ability of hawthorn ethanol extract (HEE) and the role played by gut flora in the efficacy of HEE. Our study sought to explore the effects of HEE on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in normal flora and pseudo germ-free mice. The results showed that HEE effectively diminished hepatic lipid accumulation, ameliorated liver function, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and blood lipid profiles, and regulated blood glucose levels. HEE facilitated triglyceride breakdown, suppressed fatty acid synthesis, and enhanced intestinal health by modulating the diversity of the gut microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. In addition, HEE apparently helps to increase the presence of beneficial genera of bacteria, thereby influencing the composition of the gut microbiota, and the absence of gut flora affects the efficacy of HEE. These findings reveal the potential of hawthorn for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and provide new perspectives on the study of functional plants to improve liver health.

Early properties of magnesium phosphate cement repairing material used in slab track.

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a high-performance repairing material suitable for the interfacial disease of slab track. In this study, the early properties of MPC were optimized using central composite design (CCD) approach based on response surface methodology (RSM). Three factors with five levels and three responses were considered. The significance of the factors and their interactions were verified by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result show that the mass ratio of water-to-binder (W/b) affects fluidity, while the mass ratio of magnesia-to-phosphate (M/P) and borax-to-magnesia (B/M) impact the setting time of MPC. Higher W/b results in higher fluidity, while an increase in M/P reduces the setting time by increasing the neutralization reaction. Borax addition retards the reaction, prolonging the setting time. The three factors significantly affect the early compressive strength of MPC. At M/P = 3.5, the interweaving of MgO and K-struvite (MKP) forms a dense network structure, enhancing the strength. Borax and W/b interact to affect compressive strength, with borax retarding MKP crystal growth and higher W/b reducing compactness. Combined with microscopic property test, the strength generation mechanism of MPC with optimized mixing ratio was revealed, And the feasibility of field application of MPC was verified by strength test.

"Two-Stage Rocket-Propelled" Strategy Boosting Theranostic Efficacy with Mitochondria-Specific Type I-II Photosensitizers.

Imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great potential for tumor therapy. However, achieving the synergistic enhancement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and fluorescence emission of photosensitizers (PSs) remains a challenge, resulting in suboptimal image guidance and theranostic efficacy. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment also hinders the efficacy of PDT. Herein, we propose a "two-stage rocket-propelled" photosensitive system for tumor cell ablation. This system utilizes MitoS, a mitochondria-targeted PS, to ablate tumor cells. Importantly, MitoS can react with HClO to generate a more efficient PS, MitoSO, with a significantly improved fluorescence quantum yield. Both MitoS and MitoSO exhibit less O2-dependent type I ROS generation capability, inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis. In vivo PDT results confirm that this mitochondrial-specific type I-II cascade phototherapeutic strategy is a potent intervention for tumor downstaging. This study not only sheds light on the correlation between the PS structure and the ROS generation pathway but also proposes a novel and effective strategy for tumor downstaging intervention.

Protein sensing using deep subwavelength-engineered photonic crystals.

We demonstrate a higher sensitivity detection of proteins in a photonic crystal platform by including a deep subwavelength feature in the unit cell that locally increases the energy density of light. Through both simulations and experiments, the sensing capability of a deep subwavelength-engineered silicon antislot photonic crystal nanobeam (PhCNB) cavity is compared to that of a traditional PhCNB cavity. The redistribution and local enhancement of the energy density by the 50 nm antislot enable stronger light-molecule interaction at the surface of the antislot and lead to a larger resonance shift upon protein binding. This surface-based energy enhancement is confirmed by experiments demonstrating a nearly 50% larger resonance shift upon attachment of streptavidin molecules to biotin-functionalized antislot PhCNB cavities.

Aggregation-induced emission-active iridium (III)-based mitochondria-targeting nanoparticle for two-photon imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.

The efficacy of imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) is compromised by the attenuation of fluorescence and decline in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency in the physiological environment of conventional photosensitizers, limited near-infrared (NIR) absorption, and high systemic cytotoxicity. This paper presents the synthesis of two cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes (Ir-thpy and Ir-ppy) by using a triphenylamine derivative (DPTPA) as the primary ligand and their encapsulation into an amphiphilic phospholipid to form nanoparticles (NPs). These complexes exhibit aggregation-induced emission features and remarkably enhanced ROS generation compared to Chlorin e6 (Ce6). Moreover, Ir-thpy NPs possess the unique ability to selectively target mitochondria, leading to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and ultimately triggering apoptosis. Notably, Ir-thpy NPs exhibit exceptional photocytotoxicity even towards cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP tumor cells. In vivo two-photon imaging verified the robust tumor-targeting efficacy of Ir-thpy NPs. The in vivo results unequivocally demonstrate that Ir-thpy NPs exhibit excellent tumor ablation along with remarkable biocompatibility. This study presents a promising approach for the development of multifunctional Ir-NPs for two-photon imaging-guided PDT and provides novel insights for potential clinical applications in oncology.

Traumatic Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula Treated With the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Traumatic iliac arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication of vascular injury. Open surgical repair has an incidence of postoperative complications. In recent years, endovascular treatment has shown better efficacy. We report a 62-year-old female AVF patient with a stab injury history of more than 16 years. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a large arteriovenous fistula between the right internal iliac artery and the common iliac vein. After considering the patient's relevant conditions, an endovascular approach was satisfactorily performed with the implantation of an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II to interrupt the abnormal vascular communication and maintain arterial and venous patency. The final control images showed closure of the arteriovenous communication.

Clinically Translatable Solid-State Dye for NIR-II Imaging of Medical Devices.

Medical devices are commonly implanted underneath the skin, but how to real-time noninvasively monitor their migration, integrity, and biodegradation in human body is still a formidable challenge. Here, the study demonstrates that benzyl violet 4B (BV-4B), a main component in the FDA-approved surgical suture, is found to produce fluorescence signal in the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700-900 nm) in polar solutions, whereas BV-4B self-assembles into highly crystalline aggregates upon a formation of ultrasmall nanodots and can emit strong fluorescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) with a dramatic bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum of ≈200 nm. Intriguingly, BV-4B-involved suture knots underneath the skin can be facilely monitored during the whole degradation process in vivo, and the rupture of the customized BV-4B-coated silicone catheter is noninvasively diagnosed by NIR-II imaging. Furthermore, BV-4B suspended in embolization glue achieves hybrid fluorescence-guided surgery (hybrid FGS) for arteriovenous malformation. As a proof-of-concept study, the solid-state BV-4B is successfully used for NIR-II imaging of surgical sutures in operations of patients. Overall, as a clinically translatable solid-state dye, BV-4B can be applied for in vivo monitoring the fate of medical devices by NIR-II imaging.

Removing infrarenal inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) with thrombus under protection of suprarenal IVCFs: A retrospective study in a single-center institution.

To determine feasibility of removing inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) with massive thrombus (>1*1cm) under protection of suprarenal IVCFs, and evaluate the filter thrombus detachment due to removal. The patients who had massive infrarenal IVCFs thrombus and received retrieval under protection of suprarenal IVCFs were retrospectively reviewed from July 2018 to December 2021. Medical data of them including demographics, filter types, dwell time, management, thrombus detachment was collected, and analyzed. There were 33 patients having massive infrarenal IVCFs thrombus and receiving retrieval under protection of suprarenal IVCFs including 23 males and 10 females with a mean age of 55.30 ± 11.97 (range, 30-85 years). All Infrarenal IVCFs were removed successfully and 29 cases (87.88%) were confirmed detachment of thrombus by cavography including 7 small-size thrombus (<1*1cm) and 22 large-size thrombus (>1*1cm). Twenty-two suprarenal IVCFs trapped large-size thrombus were treated with additional anticoagulation and 21 of them had successful retrievals with additional anticoagulation period of 66.18 ± 43.38 days (range, 9-154 days). The large-size IVCFs thrombus may be break off during retrieval, and IVCFs with large-size thrombus could be removed safely with suprarenal IVCFs protection. The thrombus trapped in filters could be reduced with an additional period of anticoagulation.

A Silver Lining of Neuropathic Pain: Predicting Favorable Functional Outcome in Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common and severe problem following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its relationship with functional outcome remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective explorative analysis was performed on SCI patients admitted to a tertiary academic medical center between January 2018 and June 2022. The candidate predictor variables, including demographics, clinical characteristics and complications, were analyzed with logistic and linear regression. Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) scores at discharge and mean relative functional gain (mRFG) of SCIM were as outcome parameters. Results: A total of 140 SCI patients included for the final analysis. Among them, 44 (31.43%) patients were tetraplegics, and 96 (68.57%) patients were paraplegics; 68 (48.57%) patients developed NP, and 72 (51.43%) patients did not. Logistic and linear regression analyses of SCIM at discharge both showed that NP [OR=3.10, 95% CI (1.29,7.45), P=0.01; unstandardized ß=11.47, 95% CI (4.95,17.99), P<0.01; respectively] was significantly independent predictors for a favorable outcome (SCIM at discharge ≥ 50, logistic regression results) and higher SCIM total score at discharge (linear regression results). Besides, NP [unstandardized ß=15.67, 95% CI (8.94,22.41), P<0.01] was also independently associated with higher mRFG of SCIM scores. Furthermore, the NP group had significantly higher mRFG, SCIM total scores and subscales (self-care, respiration and sphincter management, and mobility) at discharge compared to the non-NP group. However, there were no significant differences in mRFG, SCIM total score or subscales at discharge among the NP subgroups in terms of locations (at level pain, below level pain, and both) or timing of occurrence (within and after one month after SCI). This study also showed that incomplete injury, lumbar-sacral injury level and non-anemia were significantly independent predictors for a favorable outcome, and higher mRFG of SCIM scores (except for non-anemia). Conclusion: NP appears independently associated with better functional recovery in SCI patients, suggesting the bright side of this undesirable complication. These findings may help to alleviate the psychological burden of NP patients and ultimately restore their confidence in rehabilitation.

Adsorption and controlled release performances of flavor compounds by rice bran insoluble dietary fiber improved through steam explosion method.

In this study, steam explosion was employed as a modification process for rice bran insoluble dietary fiber (RBIDF) to improve the flavor adsorption and controlled release capacities of RBIDF. Results showed that the flavor adsorption ability of RBIDF was effectively improved due to the unfolding structure, increased specific surface area and pore volume and exposure of more functional groups after steam explosion treatment. The mechanism of the flavor adsorption behavior of modified RBIDF was preliminarily explored using adsorption kinetics and isotherms combined with SEM and DSC analysis. Results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model yielded the best fit to the adsorption data, indicating monolayer adsorption of flavor onto the modified RBIDF, and the adsorption was mainly driven by chemisorption process. The flavor release profile of modified RBIDF was investigated by HS-SPME/GC-MS and E-nose. After long-time storage, the flavor compounds were retained at a higher concentration in the modified RBIDF compared with the untreated RBIDF, indicating that the steam explosion treatment prolonged the retention time and enhanced the retention and controlled release capacities of RBIDF for flavor compounds. This study provides indications for potential applications of steam explosion-modified RBIDF as a novel flavor delivery system and functional ingredient.

Immune cell identity behind the Ktrans mapping of mouse glioblastoma.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) can assess the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and has been used in GBM patients to determine glioma grade, predict prognosis, evaluate treatment response, and differentiate treatment-induced effect from recurrence. The volume transfer constant Ktrans is the most frequently used metric in tumor assessment. Based on previous studies that a higher WHO grade of brain tumor was associated with greater impairments of immunity and that Ktrans value was associated with the pathological grading, the relationship between differential composition of immune cells in GBM tissue and dynamic changes in Ktrans mapping was anticipated in this study. The present study utilized an orthotopic allograft model of GBM in which mouse GL26 cells are implanted into Ccr2RFP/wtCx3cr1GFP/wt mice on a C57 background. The brain tumors exhibited heterogenous Ktrans values with the coefficients of variation (CV) above 75%, or relatively homogeneous Ktrans maps with CV values below 50%. The Ktrans values of homogeneous tumors ranged between 0.02/min-0.32/min with a median value of 0.10/min. The immune cell composition defined by quantitative immunohistochemistry and cell sorting was compared between the tumors with Ktrans values above 0.10/min (higher Ktrans) or below 0.10/min (lower Ktrans). Histological analysis showed that tumors with higher Ktrans values exhibited greater numbers of CCR2pos cells (257.60 ± 16.42/mm2 vs 203.23 ± 12.20/mm2, p = 0.04) and an increased ratio of CCR2pos cells to CX3CR1pos cells (1.20 ± 0.02 vs 0.38 ± 0.04, p = 0.001), the numbers of CX3CR1pos cells did not differ significantly based on Ktrans values (219.70 ± 16.20/mm2 vs 250.38 ± 21.20/mm2, p = 0.19). Flowcytometry analysis showed that tumors with higher Ktrans values (above 0.1/min) were associated with greater numbers of both overall monocytes (54.93 ± 6.81% vs 29.75 ± 3.54%, p = 0.01) and inflammatory monocytes (72.38 ± 1.49% vs 59.52 ± 2.44%, p = 0.001). In contrast, tumors with lower Ktrans values (below 0.1/min) exhibited greater numbers of patrolling monocytes (75.65 ± 4.14% vs 63 ± 6.94%, p = 0.05). In the tumors with lower Ktrans values, all three types of tumor associated cells, including patrolling monocytes, inflammatory monocytes, and microglia cells possessed a higher proportion of cells at pro-inflammatory status (41.77 ± 6.13% vs 25.06 ± 6.72%, p = 0.05; 27.50 ± 2.11% vs 20.62 ± 1.87%, p = 0.03; and 55.80 ± 9.88% vs 31.12 ± 7.31%, p = 0.05), inflammatory monocytes showed fewer anti-inflammatory cells (1.25 ± 0.62% vs 3.16 ± 3.56%, p = 0.04). Taken together, differences in Ktrans values were associated with differential immune cell phenotypes and polarizations. Ktrans mapping may therefore represent a novel approach for defining the immune status of GBM.

The combination of linagliptin and metformin rescues bone loss in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.

To develop an approach to reduce the type 2 diabetic osteoporosis, this study investigated the protective effects of the combination of linagliptin and metformin against osteoporosis. Micro-CT and dynamic biomechanical measurements were used to determine the bone microstructure in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in high glucose environments. In addition, we used qRT-PCR and Western blotting to assess osteogenic markers and p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein expression. The combination of linagliptin and metformin treatment significantly restored bone micro-architecture and femoral mechanical properties in the T2DM rats. In contrast, bone markers including osteocalcin, NH2-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, COOH-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly reduced by the combination of linagliptin and metformin treatment. We used high glucose treated MC3T3-E1 cells to mimic the condition of T2DM. Linagliptin combined with metformin treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK induced by high glucose treatment. In conclusion, the linagliptin combined with metformin treatment improved the rats' bone mineral density, bone structure, and osteogenic markers. Both p38 and ERK phosphorylation were reduced in high glucose MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings highlight the potential of linagliptin combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM-related osteoporosis.

Photocatalytic Synthesis of Ultrafine Pt Electrocatalysts with High Stability Using TiO2 -Decorated N-Doped Carbon as Composite Support.

Commercial Pt/C (Com. Pt/C) electrocatalysts are considered optimal for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions (ORR and HER). However, their high Pt content and poor stability restrict their large-scale application. In this study, photocatalytic synthesis was used to reduce ultrafine Pt nanoparticles in-situ on a composite support of TiO2 -decorated nitrogen-doped carbon (TiO2 -NC). The nitrogen-doped carbon had a large surface area and electronic effects that ensured the uniform dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles to form a highly photoactive and stable support. TiO2 -NC served as a composite support that enhanced the dispersibility and stability of ultrafine Pt electrocatalyst, owing to the presence of N sites and the strong metal-support interaction. Relative to Com. Pt/C, the as-obtained Pt/TiO2 -NC had positive shifts of 44 and 10 mV in the ORR half-wave potential and HER overpotential at -10 mA cm-2 , respectively. After an accelerated durability test, Pt/TiO2 -NC had lower losses in electrochemical specific area (0.7 %) and electrocatalytic activity (0 mV shift) than Com. Pt/C (25.6 %, 22 mV shift). These results indicate that the developed strategy enabled the facile synthesis and stabilization of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles, which improved the utilization efficiency and long-term stability of Pt-based electrocatalysts.

Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic NO Oxidation with Simultaneous Nitrate Storage Using A Flow Photoanode Reactor.

The selective conversion of dilute NO pollutant into low-toxic product and simultaneous storage of metabolic nitrogen for crop plants remains a great challenge from the perspective of waste management and sustainable chemistry. This study demonstrates that this bottleneck can be well tackled by refining the reactive oxygen species (ROS) on Ni-modified NH2 -UiO-66(Zr) (Ni@NU) using nickel foam (NF) as a three-dimensional (3D) substrate through a flow photoanode reactor via the gas-phase photoelectrocatalysis. By rationally refining the ROS to ⋅OH, Ni@NU/NF can rapidly eliminate 82 % of NO without releasing remarkable NO2 under a low bias voltage (0.3 V) and visible light irradiation. The abundant mesoporous pores on Ni@NU/NF are conducive to the diffusion and storage of the formed nitrate, which enables the progressive conversion NO into nitrate with selectivity over 99 % for long-term use. Through calculation, 90 % of NO could be recovered as the nitrate species, indicating that this state-of-the-art strategy can capture, enrich and recycle the pollutant N source from the atmosphere. This study offers a new perspective of NO pollutant treatment and sustainable nitrogen exploitation, which may possess great potential to the development of highly efficient air purification systems for industrial and indoor NOx control.

Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis dislodgement in orthopedic patients.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) detachment in orthopedic patients, and to establish a risk nomogram prediction model. Methods: The clinical data of 334 patients with orthopedic DVT admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. General statistics included gender, age, BMI, thrombus detachment, inferior vena cava filter window type, filter implantation time, medical history, trauma history, operation, use of tourniquet, thrombectomy, anesthesia mode, anesthesia grade, operative position, blood loss during operation, blood transfusion, immobilization, use of anticoagulants, thrombus side, thrombus range, D-dimer content before filter implantation and during removal of inferior vena cava filter. Logistic regression was used to perform univariate and multivariate analysis on the possible factors of thrombosis detachment, screen out independent risk factors, establish a risk nomogram prediction model by variables, and internally verify the predictability and accuracy of the model. Results: Binary logistic regression analysis showed that Short time window filter (OR = 5.401, 95% CI = 2.338-12.478), lower extremity operation (OR = 3.565, 95% CI = 1.553-8.184), use of tourniquet (OR = 3.871, 95% CI = 1.733-8.651), non-strict immobilization (OR = 3.207, 95% CI = 1.387-7.413), non-standardized anticoagulation (OR = 4.406, 95% CI = 1.868-10.390), distal deep vein thrombosis (OR = 2.212, 95% CI = 1.047-4.671) were independent risk factors for lower extremity DVT detachment in orthopedic patients (P < 0.05). Based on these six factors, a prediction model for the risk of lower extremity DVT detachment in orthopedic patients was established, and the risk prediction ability of the model was verified. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.870 (95% CI: 0.822-0.919). The results indicate that the risk nomogram model has good accuracy in predicting the loss of deep venous thrombosis in orthopedic patients. Conclusion: The nomogram risk prediction model based on six clinical factors, including filter window type, operation condition, tourniquet use, braking condition, anticoagulation condition, and thrombosis range, has good predictive performance.