ABSTRACT
A series of saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives has been designed and synthesized by the "tail approach" and evaluated for inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII. Most of the compounds showed high topological polar surface area (TPSA) values and excellent enzyme inhibitory activity. The impacts of some compounds on the viability of HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and MG-63 human cancer cell lines were examined under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and they showed certain inhibitory effects on cell viability. Moreover, it was found that the series of compounds had the ability to raise the pH of the tumor cell microenvironment. All the results proved that saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamides have important research prospects for the development of CA IX inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/pharmacology , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Thiadiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiadiazoles/pharmacology , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , HT29 Cells , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Tumor Microenvironment/drug effectsABSTRACT
To find novel human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors, we synthesized thirteen compounds by combining thiazolidinone with benzenesulfonamide. The result of the X-ray single-crystal diffraction experiment confirmed the configuration of this class of compounds. The enzyme inhibition assays against hCA II and IX showed desirable potency profiles, as effective as the positive controls. The docking studies revealed that compounds (2) and (7) efficiently bound in the active site cavity of hCA IX by forming sufficient interactions with active site residues. The fragment of thiazolidinone played an important role in the binding of the molecules to the active site.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm , Carbonic Anhydrase II , Carbonic Anhydrase IX , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors , Molecular Docking Simulation , Sulfonamides , Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry , Carbonic Anhydrase II/antagonists & inhibitors , Carbonic Anhydrase II/chemistry , Carbonic Anhydrase IX/antagonists & inhibitors , Carbonic Anhydrase IX/chemistry , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemistry , Catalytic Domain , Humans , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/chemistry , BenzenesulfonamidesABSTRACT
Inspired by the previously reported neuroprotective activity of hederacolchiside E (1), we synthesized hederacolchiside E for the first time along with eleven of its derivatives. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were further evaluated against H2O2- and Aß1-42-induced injury using cell-based assays. The derivatives showed obvious differences in activity due to structural variations, and two of them exhibited better neuroprotective effects than 1 in the Aß1-42-induced injury model. Compound 7 was the most active derivative and had a relatively simple chemical structure. Moreover, 1 and 7 can significantly reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extent of malondialdehyde (MDA) increase resulting from Aß1-42 treatment, which demonstrated that these kinds of compounds show neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models via modulating oxidative stress. Compound 7 could be used as promising lead for the development of a new type of neuroprotective agent against AD.