ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Protein-losing enteropathy and spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection are both rare clinically. Protein-losing enteropathy due to superior mesenteric artery dissection is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old male with acute abdominal pain and hematochezia was diagnosed with a complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery because of dissection. He suffered from diarrhea and hypoproteinemia after an emergency thromboendarterectomy. DIAGNOSES: Based on laboratory tests and capsule endoscopy inspection, a diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy was made. INTERVENTIONS: Endovascular treatment was provided. OUTCOMES: After stent placement, he quickly recovered without a recurrence of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Protein-losing enteropathy is a serious complication of an isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. Restoring the patency of the superior mesenteric artery is keyed for the treatment of this complication.
Subject(s)
Aortic Dissection/etiology , Protein-Losing Enteropathies/etiology , Aortic Dissection/complications , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Endovascular Procedures , Humans , Male , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/pathology , Middle Aged , Protein-Losing Enteropathies/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Stenting is the preferred treatment for iliac vein lesions. For the treatment of occlusions in the junction of the iliac vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC), the stent needs to be positioned in the IVC to cover the lesion. However, the pathological changes in the contralateral iliac vein due to stent coverage on its ostium remain unclear. We observed the patency of the contralateral iliac vein via animal experiments. METHODS: The stents were placed in the left iliac vein and extended into the IVC in 8 beagle dogs. Doppler ultrasonography, angiography, and histopathological examination were used to assess the patency and histopathological changes in the contralateral iliac vein. RESULTS: Angiography showed patency of the contralateral iliac vein and no sign of thrombosis or stenosis. Twelve months after stenting, Doppler ultrasonography showed a stenotic change in the ostium of the contralateral iliac vein. The histopathological examination showed that the stent strut at the ostium of the contralateral iliac vein was mostly covered by the intima, and the cross-sectional stenosis rate was greater than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: The coverage of the iliac vein stent on the ostium of the contralateral iliac vein does not cause complete occlusion of the contralateral vein but can cause significant stenosis at the ostium of the contralateral iliac vein, which is considered to be a potential risk factor for thrombosis.
Subject(s)
Endovascular Procedures/instrumentation , Iliac Vein/physiopathology , Stents , Vascular Patency , Vascular Remodeling , Vena Cava, Inferior/physiopathology , Animals , Constriction, Pathologic , Dogs , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Iliac Vein/diagnostic imaging , Iliac Vein/ultrastructure , Male , Models, Animal , Neointima , Time Factors , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Vena Cava, Inferior/ultrastructureABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) and their clinicopathological and prognostic value in gastric cancer (GC). METHODOLOGY: The expression of VEGF and SSTR in 107 cases of GC tissue and 30 cases of gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological and prognostic association of VEGF and SSTR in GC was analyzed RESULTS: The expression of VEGF in GC (70.1%) was significantly higher than that in gastric mucosa (20.0%) The expression of SSTR in GC (62.6%) was significantly lower than that in normal tissues (93.3%). VEGF and SSTR expression were both associated with histological differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The negative expression of VEGF or the positive expression of SSTR was correlated with better overall survival of GC patients. The Cox analysis demonstrated that the expression of VEGF and SSTR, pathological type, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis were the independent predictors for overall survival in GC (P = 0.005, P = 0.006, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of VEGF and SSTR were associated with progression and prognosis of GC.