Heavy-to-light electron transition enabling real-time spectra detection of charged particles by a biocompatible semiconductor.

The current challenge of wearable/implantable personal dosimeters for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy applications is lack of suitable detector materials possessing both excellent detection performance and biocompatibility. Here, we report a solution-grown biocompatible organic single crystalline semiconductor (OSCS), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPA), achieving real-time spectral detection of charged particles with single-particle sensitivity. Along in-plane direction, two-dimensional anisotropic 4HPA exhibits a large electron drift velocity of 5 × 105 cm s-1 at "radiation-mode" while maintaining a high resistivity of (1.28 ± 0.003) × 1012 Ω·cm at "dark-mode" due to influence of dense π-π overlaps and high-energy L1 level. Therefore, 4HPA detectors exhibit the record spectra detection of charged particles among their organic counterparts, with energy resolution of 36%, (µt)e of (4.91 ± 0.07) × 10-5 cm2 V-1, and detection time down to 3 ms. These detectors also show high X-ray detection sensitivity of 16,612 µC Gyabs-1 cm-3, detection of limit of 20 nGyair s-1, and long-term stability after 690 Gyair irradiation.

Improved Crystallization Quality of FAPbBr3 Single Crystals by a Seeded Solution Method.

Solution-grown hybrid perovskite, FAPbBr3, has attracted great attentions recently due to its inspiring optoelectronic properties and low-cost preparation method. However, challenges of solution growth for FAPbBr3 bulk crystals remain yet, such as uncontrollable crystalline morphologies, irregular shapes, and limited crystal sizes, which are attributed to the dense crystallization nucleus. In this work, we investigate the effects of growth conditions and seed behaviors on the crystallization quality and the yield of FAPbBr3 single crystals. First, the spontaneous nucleation is tailored by optimizing the precursor concentration and heating rate. Furthermore, the seeded crystals are introduced to solve the issues related to the morphology and the yield of single crystals. Based on the above-mentioned investigations, an optimized growth method, a seeded solution method, under a heating rate of 0.1 °C/h is proposed, and centimeter-scale FAPbBr3 single crystals with a very narrow FWHM of high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curves and a high yield of ∼100% of single crystals are obtained. The resulting FAPbBr3 single crystal exhibits a bulk resistivity of 3.42 × 109 Ω·cm and a superior ION/IOFF ratio over 104 under 405 nm light at a bias of 10 V. Finally, the pulse height spectra with an energy resolution of ∼21.4% are also achieved based on an AZO/FAPbBr3/Au detector, illuminated using an uncollimated 241Am@5.49 MeV α-particle source at room temperature. This modified seeded solution method shows great potential in preparing high-quality and high-yield perovskite single crystals.

The Association of Folic Acid, Iron Nutrition during Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease in Northwestern China: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between folic acid and iron nutrition during pregnancy and congenital heart disease (CHD) in the offspring. Methods: Conditional logistic regression models and nonlinear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of folic acid and iron nutrition during pregnancy on CHD in offspring. Results: After adjusting for confounders, folic acid or iron supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk for fetal CHD (OR = 0.60 (0.45, 0.82) or 0.36 (0.27, 0.48)). Similarly, dietary iron intake during pregnancy (≥29 mg/d) was associated with a reduced risk of fetal CHD (OR = 0.64 (0.46, 0.88)). Additionally, compared with women who only supplemented folic acid (OR = 0.59 (0.41, 0.84)) or iron (OR = 0.32 (0.16, 0.60)), women who supplemented both folic acid and iron had lower risk for newborns with CHD (OR = 0.22 (0.15, 0.34)). Similarly, compared with women who only supplemented folic acid (OR = 0.59 (0.41, 0.84)) or higher dietary iron intake (≥29 mg/d) (OR = 0.60 (0.33, 1.09)), women who supplemented both folic acid and higher dietary iron intake (≥29 mg/d) had lower risk for the newborn with CHD (OR = 0.41 (0.28, 0.62)). The combined effects were significant in the multiplication model (OR = 0.35 (0.26, 0.48) or 0.66 (0.50, 0.85)) but not in the additive model. Conclusions: Our study found that folic acid and iron nutrition during pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of CHD in the offspring and confirmed a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between folic acid and iron nutrition on the reduced risk of CHD in offspring.

Ferroelastic Domains Enhanced the Photoelectric Response in a CsPbBr3 Single-Crystal Film Detector.

The ferroic domain, in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) at a low symmetry phase, was reported to affect optoelectronic properties. Building the relationship between ferroic domains and optoelectronic properties of MHPs will be a non-trivial task for understanding the charge transport mechanism. Here, high-quality CsPbBr3 single-crystal films (SCFs) were successfully grown by a cast-capping method. Through the phase transition process by heating and cooling the sample, dense domains in CsPbBr3 SCFs were formed and observed by an in situ polarized optical microscope. These domains were identified as 90° rotation twins by electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the photocurrent response was dramatically enhanced after introducing ferroelastic domains. The highest responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity are 380 mA/W, 130%, and 12.9 × 1010 Jones, respectively, which are surprisingly 25.03, 25, and 7.8 times higher than those of the as-grown CsPbBr3 SCF, respectively, which may be attributed to the function of the domain wall of separating electrons and holes.

Retraction Note to: Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(3):238-252. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122. The authors have retracted this article (Guo et al., 2019) because some data from the original literature had not been converted to appropriate units in the paper, which resulted in deviation of the meta-analysis results. For example, for the forest plot used to examine associations between PM10 exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes, the estimates from Brauer et al. (2008), Pedersen et al. (2013), Zhao et al. (2015), and Hansen et al. (2006) were on the originally reported scales of 1 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, and Inter Quartile Range, respectively. None of these estimates had been converted to 20 µg/m3 increase scale that was stated in the article. Similar problem exists in the analysis on associations between NO2 exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis are misleading. All authors have agreed to this retraction and express their deepest apologies to the original authors, publishers, and readers.

IL-6 and INF-γ levels in patients with brucellosis in severe epidemic region, Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of brucellosis, which is caused by the Brucella species of bacteria, is rapidly rising worldwide; however, few studies have investigated the immune response to this pathogen and clinical biochemical features. In this paper, we examined the levels of various cytokines and inflammatory factors as well as clinical course characteristics in patients with brucellosis, in order to provide evidence for the diagnosis, assessment, and prognosis of this infectious disease. METHODS: A total of 191 brucellosis inpatients (50 acute cases and 141 chronic cases), as well as 60 healthy control subjects, were included in the analysis. We investigated changes in the levels of six cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ) and related clinical biochemical markers in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis in Xinjiang, China. Possible factors were statistically analyzed using the t test, χ2 test, z test and a multivariate logistic stepwise regression test. RESULTS: We found that IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were higher in those with brucellosis than in controls (P <  0.05). With regard to disease progression, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in those with an acute infection compared to chronic cases (P <  0.05). We found that the expression of all six cytokines tested was closely related to the degree of brucellosis using univariate logistic regression; however, only IL-6 and INF-γ levels were independent factors associated with the severity of brucellosis. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing cytokine levels in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis is not only useful for detecting the immune response, but can also be indicative of the severity of brucellosis. In particular, we propose IL-6 and INF-γ levels may be useful independent predictive factors in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of brucellosis.

Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several reviews have assessed the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy, but the results remain controversial. The objective of this study was to assess this correlation quantitatively and to explore sources of heterogeneity. We included all published case-control or cohort studies that evaluated the correlation between ambient air pollution and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). Analytical methods and inclusion criteria were provided on the PROSPERO website (CRD42018085816). We evaluated pooled effects and heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses (grouped by exposure period, study settings, study design, exposure types, data source, Newcastle-Ottawa quality score (NOS), and adjustment for smoking or meteorological factors) were also conducted and publication bias was examined. The risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias in this review. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. We observed pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03-1.21 for LBW and 0.97-1.06 for PTB when mothers were exposed to CO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM2.5, PM10, or SO2 throughout their pregnancy. For SGA, the pooled estimate was 1.02 in relation to NO2 concentrations. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis decreased the heterogeneity to some extent, such as the subgroups of continuous measures (OR=0.98 (0.97-0.99), I2=0.0%) and NOS>7 (OR=0.98 (0.97-0.99), I2=0.0%) in evaluating the association between PTB and NO2. This review was completed with a low risk of bias. High concentrations of air pollution were significantly related to the higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, the sources of heterogeneity among studies should be further explored.