Advancing the analysis of terbutaline in urine samples using novel enzyme hydrolysis.

Aim: To investigate the efficiency of two new fast-acting enzymes, recombinant arylsulfatase (IMCS-PSF) and mutant ß-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli (IMCSzyme), in hydrolyzing specific terbutaline metabolites. Materials & methods: Two purified novel enzymes are used to precisely determine the amount of each metabolite in urine at different time points after oral administration. After systematically evaluating the hydrolysis efficiency of the novel enzymes compared with commercially available enzymes, these recently developed enzymes were applied to establish the separate urine concentration profiles of terbutaline and each metabolite. Results & discussion: The results highlight the highly efficient arylsulfatase enzyme expressed from E. coli for urine analysis of terbutaline while suggesting sulfoconjugates as the main terbutaline metabolites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the high efficiency of the IMCS-PSF enzyme in hydrolyzing terbutaline conjugates in comparison with other enzyme reagents typically used for the analysis of terbutaline and sulfoconjugates are the main terbutaline metabolites in urine.

Is combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid superior than topical, intravenous tranexamic acid alone and control groups for blood loss controlling after total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) versus topical, intravenous TXA alone or control for reducing blood loss after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: In May 2016, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Wanfang database. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. Only patients prepared for primary TKA that administration combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical TXA, intravenous (IV) TXA, or control group for reducing blood loss were included. Eligible criteria were published RCTs about combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical alone or intravenous alone. The primary endpoint was the total blood loss and need for transfusion. The complications of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were also compiled to assess the safety of combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to appraise a risk of bias. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen studies involving 1495 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA can reduce the total blood loss compared with placebo with a mean of 458.66 mL and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -458.66, 95% CI: -655.40 to 261.91, P < 0.001). Compared with intravenous TXA, combined administrated TXA can decrease the total blood loss, and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -554.03, 95% CI: -1066.21 to -41.85, P = 0.034). Compared with the topical administration TXA, the pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined TXA can decrease the amount of total blood loss with mean 107.65 mL with statistically significant(MD = -107.65, 95% CI: -525.55 to -239.9141.85, P = 0.001). The pooled results indicated that combined topical with intravenous TXA can decrease the need for transfusion (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.50, P < 0.001). There is no significant difference between combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical or intravenous TXA (P > 0.05) in terms of need for transfusion and the occurrence of DVT. CONCLUSION: Compared with topical, intravenous TXA alone or control group, combined topical with TXA, can decrease the total blood loss and subsequent need for transfusion without increasing the occurrence of DVT. The dose and timing to administration TXA is different, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the optimal dosing and time to administration TXA.

[Study on Microwave Co-Pyrolysis of Low Rank Coal and Circulating Coal Gas].

The pyrolysis of low rank coal to produce bluecoke, coal tar and gas is considered to be the optimal method to realize its clean and efficient utilization. However, the current mainstream pyrolysis production technology generally has a certain particle size requirements for raw coal, resulting in lower yield and poorer quality of coal tar, lower content of effective components in coal gas such as H2, CH4, CO, etc. To further improve the yield of coal tar obtained from the pyrolysis of low rank coal and explore systematically the effect of microwave power, pyrolysis time and particle size of coal samples on the yield and composition of microwave pyrolysis products of low rank coal through the analysis and characterization of products with FTIR and GC-MS, introducing microwave pyrolysis of low rank coal into the microwave pyrolysis reactor circularly was suggested to carry out the co-pyrolysis experiment of the low rank coal and coal gas generated by the pyrolysis of low rank coal. The results indicated that the yield of the bluecoke and liquid products were up to 62.2% and 26.8% respectively when the optimal pyrolysis process conditions with the microwave power of 800W, pyrolysis time of 40 min, coal samples particle size of 5-10 mm and circulating coal gas flow rate of 0.4 L · min⁻¹ were selected. The infrared spectrogram of the bluecoke under different microwave power and pyrolysis time overlapped roughly. The content of functional groups with -OH, C==O, C==C and C−O from the bluecoke through the pyrolysis of particle size coal samples had a larger difference. To improve microwave power, prolonging pyrolysis time and reducing particle size of coal samples were conducive to converting heavy component to light one into coal tar.

Contrastive Research of the Y3Al5O12: Ce3+ Yellow Phosphors Prepared by Different Methods.

Ce3+ doped Y3Al5O12 : Ce3+ yellow phosphors are prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal-pyrolysis methods. The influences of the preparation methods on the phase, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the YAG : Ce3+ yellow phosphors are investigated by XRD, FESEM and PL, respectively. The results indicate that the three methods all realize the substitution of Ce3+ ions for Y3+ ions, and that the cubic crystalline structure of the Ce(3+)-doped YAG phosphors is unchanged. The samples prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method present an irregular sphere-like morphology, with a large sample size; the sol-gel method produces nanoparticles with a notable particle agglomeration; and the samples prepared by the hydrothermal-pyrolysis method present a well-distributed sphere-like structure with a diameter of 10 µm. According to the fluorescence spectrum, the three samples are excited by blue light with a wavelength of 460 nm, and a big broadband emission at 550 nm is observed. However, due to the differences in the morphology and size, these samples present very different luminous intensities and quantum efficiencies.

[Preparation and photoluminescent property of sphere Y2.96Al5O12 0.04Ce3+ phosphor for white light-emitting diodes].

Cesium ions doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y2.96Al5O12 : 0.04Ce3+) phosphors for white light emitting diodes (WLED) were successfully prepared by hydrothermal-thermolysis method. The phase composition, morphology, and photoluminescent properties of the prepared powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that the successful preparation of the pure Y2.96Al5O12 : 0.04Ce3+ powders are spherical particles and have good dispersibility. The phosphors were excited by the blue light with wavelength of 460 nm, and a broad peak at 550 nm was observed in the emission spectrum. Moreover, the emission peak intensity of the YAG : Ce3+ powders prepared by hydrothermal-thermolysis method was higher than that of the samples prepared by traditional high temperature solid state method. Furthermore, the quantum efficiency of the white LED produced by the phosphors and blue chip was measured by the integrating sphere coupled fluorescence spectrometer, and the results indicated that the absolute quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency of Y2.96Al5O12 : 0.04Ce3+ phosphors prepared by hydrothermal-thermolysis method were 88.40% and 78.64%, respectively, with the color coordinates of (0.453 8, 0.531 8) and the color temperature of 358 4 K. The prepared Y2.96Al5O12 : 0.04Ce3+ phosphors exhibited excellent stability and repeatability, and acted as excellent yellow phosphors for warm white LED.