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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaosheng Powder ultrasonic nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage in treating liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From March 2021 to September 2021, a total of 50 patients (100 eyes) diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye of the liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern at the Ophthalmology Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table, with 25 patients (50 eyes) in each group. The control group received 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with meibomian gland massage, while the treatment group received Xiaosheng Powder nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) scores, TCM symptom scores, and meibomian gland function scores were observed and evaluated. Adverse reactions were recorded.Results:After treatment, the treatment group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group in the following aspects: BUT was significantly longer in the treatment group (t=8.76, P<0.01); SIT values were significantly higher in the treatment group ( t=6.18, P<0.01); FL scores, TCM symptom scores and meibomian gland function scores were significantly lower than in the treatment group ( t values were 2.19, 5.36 and 12.09, P<0.01). The total effective rate in the treatment group was 96.0% (24/25), while in the control group, it was 68.0% (17/25), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.88, P=0.027). Conclusion:The combination of Xiaosheng Powder ultrasonic nebulization and meibomian gland massage is effective in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye of the liver depression and Yin deficiency pattern. Furthermore, this approach is considered safe and efficient.
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Objective:To explore differences of resting brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their siblings.Methods:From January to December 2013, the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 87 patients with MDD and 21 healthy siblings were collected.DPABI v5.1 software was used to preprocess the resting-state fMRI data, and ReHo maps of each subject was obtained. A two-sample t-test was used to compare differences between the patients with MDD and their siblings in ReHo values throughout the brain. ReHo values within the significant brain regions were extracted out, and used to calculate Spearman correlation with the total score of 17-items Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD-17) in the patients with MDD and their siblings respectively.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results:The patients with MDD exhibited lower ReHo values in the precuneus extending to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) compared with their siblings (cluster-size=126 voxel, cluster-level PFDR=0.033; MNI: x=-4, y=-58, z=38, t=4.30). ReHo values of the PCu/PCC in patient with MDD were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms ( r=0.255, P=0.021). Conclusion:Compared with the siblings, local brain activity of the PCu/PCC in the patients with MDD was decreased, and related to the severity of depressive symptoms. It is helpful to further reveal the intrinsic neural mechanism of MDD.
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Abstract@#The rate of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents is gradually increasing, and it has multiple hazards for their health. Overweight and obesity are affected by many factors such as genetics and environment. The home food environment is very important among the many factors affecting children s overweight and obesity. This paper analyzes the relationship between parents feeding behaviors, including pressure eating, restricted eating and food as reward, accessibility and usability of family food, with overweight and obesity of children and adolescents, aiming to provide a scientific reference for controlling children overweight and obesity by focusing on home food environment.
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BackgroundBeing complex and highly heterogeneous with regard to the etiology and clinical manifestations of depression, neuroimaging studies make a breakthrough for exploring the biological subtypes of depression, while the current data-driven approach for the identification of subtyping depression using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is insufficient. ObjectiveTo explore the biological subtypes of depression using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and machine learning methods. MethodsA total of 127 patients with depression who attended Beijing Anding Hospital from September 2017 to August 2021 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria were included, and another 80 healthy individuals matched for gender and age were recruited through advertisements in surrounding communities during the same period. DTI findings, demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from all participants. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) white matter probability maps were used to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter tracts. A semi-supervised machine learning technique was used to identify the subtypes, and the FA values for whole brain white matter of patients and controls were compared. ResultsPatients with depression were classified into two biological subtypes. FA values in multiple tracts including corpus callosum and corona radiata of subtype I patients were smaller than those of healthy controls (P<0.01, FDR corrected), and FA values in middle cerebellar peduncle, left superior cerebellar peduncle and left cerebral peduncle of subtype II patients were larger than those of healthy controls (P<0.01, FDR-corrected). Baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item (HAMD-17) score yielded no statistical difference between subtype I and subtype II patients (P>0.05), while subtype I patients scored lower on HAMD-17 than subtype II patients after 12 weeks of treatment (t=2.410, P<0.05). ConclusionDepression patients exhibit two biological subtypes with distinct patterns of white matter damage. Furthermore, the subtypes respond differently to the medication treatment. [Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (number, 2016YFC1307200), the Scientific Research and Cultivation Program of Beijing Municipal Hospitals (number,PX2023066), Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (number,YJ201904, YJ201911); www.chictr.org.cn number: ChiCTR-OOC-17012566]
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It is unclear whether antidepressants have the same effects on the brain function at different periods of treatment.In this paper, in order to improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressants from brain network level, find the target of antidepressants, optimize treatment strategy, four common neuroimaging techniques were reviewed to investigate the changes of brain functional imaging in patients with major depressive disorder at different periods (short-term, acute and long-term) after antidepressant treatment.After short-term antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging mainly involved the amygdala, insula, prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and so on, and these short-term changes of brain functional imaging could predict acute efficiency.After acute stage of antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging were mostly located in the brain regions of cortical-limbic circuit and default mode network.The effect of long-term antidepressant treatment on brain functional imaging still needs to be further studied.In the future, the experimental design should be optimized and multiple neuroimaging techniques should be combined to conduct longitudinal long-term studies at multiple time points.
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BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the clinical Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score (CRS), and AIMS65 score in predicting outcomes (rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay) among patients with small bowel hemorrhage. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with small bowel bleeding (SBB). Rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay was investigated by 3 scoring systems. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to analyze the performance of 3 scoring systems. RESULTS: Among 162 included patients, the scores of rebleeding, intervention, and length of stay ≥10 days groups were higher than no rebleeding, non-intervention, and length of stay <10 days groups, respectively (P < .05). The CRS, GBS, and AIMS65 scoring systems demonstrated statistically significant difference in predicting rebleeding (AUROC 0.693 vs. 0.790 vs. 0.740; all P < .01), intervention (AUROC: 0.726 vs. 0.825 vs. 0.773; all P < .01) and length of stay (AUROC 0.651 vs. 0.631 vs. 0.635; all P < .05). Higher cut-off scores achieved better sensitivity/specificity [rebleeding (CRS > 2, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 0); need for intervention (CRS > 2, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 0); length of stay (CRS > 0, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 1)] in the risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS: The GBS system is reliable to be recommended for routine use in predicting rebleeding and the need for intervention for early decision making in patients with SBB. The 3 scoring systems are poorly useful in predicting length of stay.
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Blood Transfusion , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The spike (S), a homotrimer glycoprotein, is the most important antigen target in the research and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. There is no doubt that fully simulating the advanced structure of this homotrimer in the subunit vaccine development strategy is the most likely way to improve the immune protective effect of the vaccine. In this study, the preparation strategies of S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) trimer, S1 region trimer, and ectodomain (ECD) trimer nanoparticles were designed based on ferritin nanoparticle self-assembly technology. The Bombyx mori baculovirus expression system was used to prepare these three nanoparticle vaccines with high expression levels in the silkworm. The immune results of mice show that the nanoparticle vaccine prepared by this strategy can not only induce an immune response by subcutaneous administration but also effective by oral administration. Given the stability of these ferritin-based nanoparticles vaccine, easy-to-use and low-cost oral immunization strategy can make up for the vaccination blind areas caused by the shortage of ultralow-temperature equipment and medical resources in underdeveloped areas. And the oral vaccine is also a very potential candidate to cut off the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and farmed animals, especially in stray and wild animals.
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In recent years, the development of new vaccines such as nucleic acid vaccines, genetically engineered vaccines, and synthetic peptide vaccines has achieved rapid development. However, compared with traditional inactivated or live vaccines, these vaccines often have problems such as poor immunogenicity. Therefore, an adjuvant is needed to enhance its effect, and adjuvants have proven to be a key component in vaccines. There are many types of adjuvants, while currently no unified standard for the classification. At present, the most commonly used adjuvants are Aluminum adjuvant and Freund's adjuvant, but new generation vaccines will probably need new generation adjuvants. Thus, this review aims to showcase the current status of immune adjuvants, with the focus on immunomodulatory molecular adjuvant, antigen delivery adjuvant and compound adjuvant. This review provides new insights for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants.
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Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Freund's Adjuvant , Vaccines , Vaccines, SubunitABSTRACT
Objective@#To access the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) with right coronary cusp bulge.@*Methods@#The study population consisted of 40 children (22 boys and 18 girls) undergoing transcatheter intervention for VSD with right coronary cusp bulge in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from August 2013 to June 2017. All patients were examined using transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular angiography before occlusion and received transcatheter closure of VSD by placing an occlude. During the operation, angiography and transthoracic echocardiography were used to detect residual shunts, new-onset or aggravation of aortic regurgitation, and surface electrocardiogram was used to assess the impact of occlusion on the conduction system. The children were followed up to evaluate the degree of aortic regurgitation and the presence of heart block by transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiogram in outpatient department. Comparative analysis between two groups was used by t test.@*Results@#The average age of the patients was (5.1±3.2) years, weight(20.6±10.7) kg. The diameter of defect shunt was (3.3±0.9) cm. The VSD of all 40 patients were successfully occluded immediately, and three patients (8%) with filament residual shunt were observed during the operation. No major surgical complication such as death, pericardial tamponade, embolism of important organs, infective endocarditis occurred during the perioperative period. During the follow-up period, the positions of all the occluders were good, the residual shunt in three patients disappeared, and no new-onset or aggravated aortic regurgitation occurred. Electrocardiogram did not reveal any atrioventricular block, and one patient suffered from an incomplete right bundle branch block. There were significant differences between pre- and post-occlusion regarding the left ventricular end diastolic diameter ((3.8±0.5) vs. (3.7±0.5) cm, t=2.092, P=0.043), the left ventricular end systolic diameter ( (2.4±0.3) vs. (2.2±0.4) cm, t=2.068, P=0.045), and the QRS interval ((75.4±10.4) vs. (79.8±11.4) ms, t=-2.277, P=0.028). No significant differences were found between pre- and post-operation regarding the left ventricular ejection fraction (67.8%±4.7% vs. 68.1%±4.6%, t=-0.447, P=0.657) and the PR interval ((125.6±14.7) vs. (122.6±14.2) ms, t=1.540, P=0.132).@*Conclusions@#Interventional closure of VSD with right coronary cusp bulge has small impact on aortic valve activity in children. With appropriate indications and methods, transcatheter interventional occlusion should be considered because it is effective for children diagnosed with VSD combined with right coronary cusp bulge.
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Microperimetry is a procedure to assess retinal sensitivity while fundus is examined directly.It is a psychophysical method which is rapid,safe and non-invasive.It combines analysis of function and morphology and has an eye tracking system that can improve the fixation stability of patient with eccentric fixation and fixation instable.Microperimetry is supplement to visual function,perimetry,and other visual function parameters.As deepening of research,its clinical application value in ocular fundus diseases including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,retinitis pigmentosa,Stargardt's disease,macular hole,rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and central serous chorioretinopathy needs to be further explored.
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Objective To investigate effect of exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1 on mechanical pain in diabetic rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into CON group and STZ group. CON group were further randomly divided into CONshRNA group,and CONEpac1shRNA group. STZ group induced diabetic mechanical pain (DMA) model were randomly divided into DMA shRNA group, DMA Epac1shRNA group,DMANS group,and DMA 8-pCPT group. The Epac1shRNA lentivirus vector is used to inhibit the expression of Epac1, and the shRNA lentivirus vector is negative control, and 8-pCPT is the activator of Epac1. Group CONshRNA and group DMAshRNA were given intrathecal injection of control shRNA lentivirus vector. Group CONEpac1shRNA and group DMAEpac1shRNA were injected with Epac1shRNA lentivirus carrier, DMANS group was injected into the plantar saline,and 8-pCPT in group DMA8-pCPT was injected into the foot. The changes of hind paw retraction threshold(PWT) were observed and the expression of guanine nucleotide transforming factor 1(Epac1) mRNA was detected by Real Time-PCR and Western blot in rat dorsal root ganglion(DRG) And protein expression changes.Results Compared with CON rats,the mechanical pain threshold of STZ rats decreased (P=0.035). Compared with saline group,the pain of injection Epac1 activator 8-pCPT group was prolonged(2h, P=0.012;4h,P=0.020). The expression of Epac1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the DMA group than in the CON group(both P<0.01). Intrathecal injection of shRNA reduced the expression of Epac1 mRNA and protein(P<0.01,P=0.020),and the PWT of the DMA group was significantly lower than that of the CON group (P=0.006).Conclusion Epac1 expression in diabetic rats with increased pain,and down-regulation of Epac1 may relieve pain.
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Objective@#To review the imaging characteristics and evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography for levoatriocardinal vein(LACV) in children.@*Methods@#Doppler echocardiography was performed and these images were compared retrospectively in 9 children with LACV, which were diagnosed through the operation of cardial surgery and computed tomography angiography findings.@*Results@#LACV was characterized by an anomalous vein connected the left atrium to the left innominate vein. There was a normal connection of the pulmonary vein with the left atrium. The associated malformations included mitral valve stenosis and mitral atresia (8 cases), single ventricle(3 cases), double outlet right ventricle (2 cases), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (2 cases), atrial septal defect with restrictive shunt (1 case), and patent foramen ovale (1 case). Six of 9 cases(66.7%) were diagnosed correctly using Doppler echocardiography, in the remaining 3 cases (33.3%), 1 case was miss diagnosed, 1 case misdiagnosed as persistent left superior vena cava, and 1 case misdiagnosed as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.@*Conclusions@#LACV can be diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography. This malformation should be differentiated from persistent left superior vena cava, and anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
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Objective To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)in Ordos area,so as to provide guidance for rational antimicrobial use.Methods Sputum culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of 372 patients with AECOPD in Ordos area in 2013-2015 were analyzed,and the quality of life before acute exacerbation was assessed.Results A total of 296 strains of pathogens were isolated from 372 patients,252(85.14%)of which were gram-negative bacteria,the major were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=58,19.59%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=51,17.23%),Acinetobacter baumannii(n=50,16.89%),Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(n=22,7.43%),Escherichia coli(n=19,6.42%),and Enterobacter cloacae(n=16,5.41%);27(9.12%)were fungi,the major was Candida albicans(n=19,6.42%);17(5.74%)were gram-positive bacteria,the predominant species was Staphylococcus aureus.Patients with CAT(COPD assement test)score≥10 had higher proportion of isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii than those with CAT score<10.Conclusion The main pathogens from patients with AECOPD are gram-negative strains,CAT score prior to exacerbation may be related to the emergence of pathogens at AECOPD.
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Objective To examine the clinical effect of heat sensitive moxibustion in treating simple obesity with spleen-kidney deficiency type.Methods Ninety simple obesity patients with spleen-kidney deficiency type were randomized into a acupuncture group,a heat sensitive moxibustion group and a combination group,with 30 cases in each group.The heat sensitive moxibustion group was given moxibustion by self-made heat sensitive moxa stick.Heat sensitization acupoints were sought at patients' lumbosacral portion and hypogastrium.Two or three heat sensitization acupoints were selected each time.Patients were treated for 5 times each week,each time for 45min.In the acupuncture group,acupoints of Zhongwan (RN12),Shuifen (RN9),Qihai (RN6),Guanyuan (RN4),Mingmen (DU4),Yaoyangguan (DU3),bilateral Tianshu (ST25),Daheng (SP15),Daimai (GB26),Pishu (BL20),Weishu (21) and Shuidao (ST28) were selected.Seven to ten acupoints were selected each time.Even reinforcingreducing method was used.Needle was retained for 30min.During needle retention,manipulating the needles once every 10min.Patients were treated by 5 times each week.The combination group was given both acupuncture and heat sensitive moxibustion.The methods were the same as above.One month was a course.Each group was treated for 3 courses.Patients' body weight,waistline and height were recorded before and after treatment.Body mass index (BMI),body fat percent and waist to height ratio were calculated before and after treatment.The clinical effect was evaluated.Results After treatment,body weight,BMI,body fat percent and waist to height ratio in each group decreased (P < 0.05).After treatment,body weight,BMI,body fat percent and waist to height ratio in the combination group was lower than those in the acupuncture group and the heat sensitive moxibustion group (P < 0.05);while the difference between the acupuncture group and the heat sensitive moxibustion group was not significant (P >0.05).The total effective rate in the acupuncture group was 73.3%,with 76.7% in the heat sensitive moxibustion group,and 86.7% in the combination group.The clinical effect in the combination group was superior to that in the acupuncture group and in the heat sensitive moxibustion group.Conclusion Heat sensitive moxibustion therapy might be effective in treating simple obesity with spleen-kidney deficiency type.Moreover,the clinical effect seemed better if combined with acupuncture.
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Objective To review the imaging characteristics and evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography for congenital malformations of the right atrium(CMRA).Methods Doppler echocardiography was performed and these images were compared with operative findings in 1 1 children with CMRA.Results CMRA was characterized by idiopathic dilation of the right atrium and right heart appendage,congenital diverticulum of the right atrium and coronary sinus.CMRA consisted of idiopathic dilation of the right atrium(4 cases),congenital diverticulum of the right atrium(3 cases),idiopathic dilation of the right heart appendage(2 cases),and congenital diverticulum of the coronary sinus(2 cases).The associated malformations included patent foramen ovale(6 cases),atrial septal defect(3 cases),pulmonary hypertension(3 cases),and hypoplastic tricuspid valve(2 cases).Eight of 1 1 cases were diagnosed correctly,and other 3 cases were misdiagnosed,in which 1 case with idiopathic dilation of the right atrium misdiagnosed as Ebstein's anomaly,1 case with congenital diverticulum of the right atrium misdiagnosed as congenital enlargement of the right atrial appendage,and 1 case with congenital diverticulum of the coronary sinus misdiagnosed as coronary sinus stenosis.Conclusions CMRA could be diagnosed accurately by Doppler echocardiography,but it is prone to be misdiagnosed and must be distinguished from Ebstein's anomaly.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects between mild moxibustion and specific electromagnetic spectrum therapy apparatus (TDP) for obsolete collateral ligament injury of interphalangeal joints.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were randomly divided into a mild moxibustion group and a TDP group, 30 cases in each one. In the mild moxibustion group, pure moxa sticks were used at the affected digital joints locally for 20-30 min a time. In the TDP group, TDP was applied at the affected digital joints locally for 20-30 min a time. The treatment was given once a day for two courses, and 10-day treatment was made into a course. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, swelling degree of the affected digital joints before and after treatment were observed and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The excellent rate was 56.7% (17/30) and the excellent and, good rate was 83.4% (25/30) in the mild moxibustion group,which were better than 36.7% (11/30) and 76.7% (23/30) in the TDP group respectively (both P < 0.01). After treatment the score of VAS and digital joints swelling degree were improved than those before treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the improvements of the mild moxibustion group were better than those of the TDP group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mild moxibustion can apparently relieve the painful and swelling degree of obsolete collateral ligament injury of interphalangeal joints, which is superior to TDP.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Collateral Ligaments , Wounds and Injuries , Electromagnetic Radiation , Joint Diseases , Therapeutics , Magnetic Field Therapy , Moxibustion , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of gentle moxibustion in treating old interphalangeal collateral ligament injury.MethodSixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group of 30 patients received gentle moxibustion 20-30 min once daily for two consecutive courses of treatment. The control group of 30 patients received TDP irradiation 20-30 min once daily for two consecutive courses of treatment.ResultThe excellent rate and the total excellent rate were 56.7% and 83.3%, respectively, in the treatment group and 36.7% and 76.7%, respectively, in the control group; there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionGentle moxibustion has a marked therapeutic effect on old interphalangeal collateral ligament injury.
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Objective To assess the association between rs7597593 polymorphism of ZNF804A gene and schizophrenia,and to assess the relationship between rs7597593 polymorphism and working memory.Methods Schizophrenia patients and healthy controls were diagnosed in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) ; 767 schizophrenia patients and 690 healthy controls were involved.Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was carried out to genotype rs7597593 polymorphism.The cognitive function of working memory was assessed by the N-back task.Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS19.0 software.Results The study found no significantly different genotype frequencies (x2=1.519,P=0.468) and allele frequencies(x2=1.263,P=0.261) of rs7597593 polymorphism between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls,however in the subgroup of higher IQ (IQ ≥ 110),there were significant different distributions of both genotype and allele (x2 =9.411 and 6.529; P=0.009 and 0.011 respectively).It was also found in this subgroup that risk T allele was associated with more error at 1-back task (F=6.854,P=0.009).Conclusion These results indicated that rs7597593 polymorphism was associated with individuals having spared cognitive function; carriers of T allele had worse cognitive function,which maybe a pathway that it contributes to schizophrenia.
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Objective To analyze the level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods In this study, 146 children with secundum atrial septal (ASD) defect, 132 children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 300 healthy children were recruited. The levels of cTnI and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured and their correlation with clinical data was analyzed. Results The serum cTnI and NT-proBNP levels in both ASD and VSD patients were signiifcantly higher than those in normal children (H=3.89 and 5.27, P<0.01). The serum cTnI and NT-proBNP levels in VSD patients were signiifcantly higher than those in ASD patients (P<0.05). The ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure (Pp/Ps), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) and standardized left ventricular end diastolic volume in VSD patients were signiifcantly higher than those in ASD patients (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that Pp/Ps was signiifcantly correlated with cTnI in VSD patients. (β=0.81, SE=0.03, P=0.000). Conclusions Signiifcant volume and pressure overload due to a left-to-right shunt induce myocardial injury and could lead to irreversible myocardial remodeling in children with CHD. The serum cTnI level is a sensitive biomarker for myocardial damage in VSD patients.
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BACKGROUND:Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays an important role in cellgrowth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), as the main binding protein of IGF1, is involved in the regulation of IGF1. OBJECTIVE:To attempt to analyze the relation of IGFBP-3 and various diseases, and to explore the potential values of IGFBP-3 in disease diagnosis and risk assessment. METHODDatabases of PubMed, Science Direct and Wanfang database were retrieved with key words of“insulin-like growth factors 1;IGFBP-3;cancer;growth hormone deficiency;diabetes;osteoporosis”in English and Chinese, respectively, by screening titles and abstracts to search papers related to IGFBP-3 structure and function as wel as relationship of IGFBP-3 with cancer, growth hormone deficiency, diabetes, osteoporosis. Final y, 43 articles were summarized according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In recent years, the relationship between gene of IGFBP-3 and risk of cancer is becoming a hot research topic. The results show that IGFBP-3 is a protective agent of cancer risk, and it is an important factor in evaluating the risk of cancer, exhibiting a potential application value. IGFBP-3 is also associated with growth hormone deficiency and diabetes. In addition, IGFBP-3 can assist IGF-1 to play the regulatory role in bone growth and differentiation, which is closely linked with osteoporosis. Therefore, IGFBP-3 can be a potential predictor for osteoporosis.