Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Kidney Neoplasms , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung/pathologySubject(s)
Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Kidney Diseases/genetics , Adult , Asian People , Exons/genetics , Female , Humans , Mutation/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
Although challenging, fabrication of porous conducting polymeric materials with excellent electronic properties is crucial for many applications. We developed a fast in situ polymerization approach to pure polyaniline (PANI) hydrogels, with vanadium pentoxide hydrate nanowires as both the oxidant and sacrifice template. A network comprised of ultrathin PANI nanofibers was generated during the in situ polymerization, and the large aspect ratio of these PANI nanofibers allowed the formation of hydrogels at a low solid content of 1.03 wt %. Owing to the ultrathin fibril structure, PANI hydrogels functioning as a supercapacitor electrode display a high specific capacitance of 636 F g-1, a rate capability, and good cycling stability (â¼83% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). This method was also extended to the preparation of polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hydrogels. This template polymerization method represents a rational strategy for design of conducing polymer networks, which can be readily integrated in high-performance devices or a further platform for functional composites.
ABSTRACT
Although organic small molecule spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport material in perovskite solar cells, its limited electric conductivity poses a bottleneck in the efficiency improvement of perovskite solar cells. Here, a low-cost and easy-fabrication technique is developed to enhance the conductivity and hole-extraction ability of spiro-OMeTAD by doping it with commercially available benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The experimental results show that the conductivity increases several orders of magnitude, from 6.2×10-6 â S cm-1 for the pristine spiro-OMeTAD to 1.1×10-3 â S cm-1 at 5 % BPO doping and to 2.4×10-2 â S cm-1 at 15 % BPO doping, which considerably outperform the conductivity of 4.62×10-4 â S cm-1 for the currently used oxygen-doped spiro-OMeTAD. The fluorescence spectra suggest that the BPO-doped spiro-OMeTAD-OMeTAD layer is able to efficiently extract holes from CH3 NH3 PbI3 and thus greatly enhances the charge transfer. The BPO-doped spiro-OMeTAD is used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, which exhibit enhancement in the power conversion efficiency.
Subject(s)
Benzoyl Peroxide/chemistry , Calcium Compounds/chemistry , Electric Power Supplies , Fluorenes/chemistry , Oxides/chemistry , Solar Energy , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Titanium/chemistry , ElectrochemistryABSTRACT
Polyaniline/graphene hydrogel composites with a macroscopically phase-separated structure are prepared. The composites show high specific capacitance and excellent rate performance. Further investigation demonstrates that polyaniline inside the graphene hydrogel has low rate performance, thus a phase-separated structure, in which polyaniline is mainly outside the graphene hydrogel matrix, can enhance the rate performance of the composites.