Predicational ability of phase angle on protein energy wasting in kidney disease patients with renal replacement therapy: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of phase angle (PA) and body composition for predicting protein energy wasting (PEW) in renal replacement therapy (RRT) patients. METHODS: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) patients were enrolled in this study. Body composition was measured by direct segmental multi-frequency biolectrical impedance analysis method (DSM-BIA); phase angle (PA), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), mid-arm circumference (MAC), WC (waist circumference), and ECW/TBW (extracellular water/total body water) were obtained. Biochemicals (serum albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol) were tested. PEW patients were classified according to ISRNM (The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism) criteria. Cutoff value of PA and related variables was calculated by ROC analysis. The ability of body composition variables as indicators to predict PEW was evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty-three patients (52.6%) were males, and forty (62.5%) patients were diagnosed with PEW. The ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoff values of PA, FFMI (fat-free mass index), MAC, WC, and BMI for PEW risk were 4.45°, 16.71, 29.7 cm, 86.4 cm, and 21.1 kg/m2, respectively. These indicators showed significant association with PEW; meanwhile, the PA and MAC can be used as the predictors for PEW with OR 6.333 (95% CI, 1.956-20.505) and 3.267 (95% CI, 1.136-9.394), respectively. Both groups have a lower BUN/Cr ratio (<20). CONCLUSION: In the RRT patients, over than 60% patients were diagnosed with PEW. PA, MAC, and other body composition can be used as the independent indicators for predicting PEW in renal replacement therapy kidney disease patients.

Effects of palm olein and olive oil on serum lipids in a Chinese population: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As the most widely produced edible vegetable oil, palm oil is known as to contain a high level of saturated fatty acid, which was thought to adversely affect serum lipid profiles. However, recent studies have shown no influence or benefits of palm oil on serum lipids. The potential nutritional value of palm oil is attributed to the high mono-unsaturation at the crucial sn2-position of the oil's triacylglycerols, as with the so-called 'healthy' olive oil (OO). The aim of this study was to further test this hypothesis and evaluate the effects of consuming palm olein versus olive oil on serum lipid profiles in a Chinese population. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In total, 120 participants were recruited from a spinnery in Yixing city and randomly divided into two groups (palm olein or olive oil) to conduct a 2×2 crossover trial for 2 months' intervention with 2-week washout periods. Each participant was provided 48 g of test oil per day. At the end of each period, anthropometry, and blood lipid indices were measured to determine the effects of palm olein and olive oil. RESULTS: Palm olein and olive oil consumption had no significantly different effect on BMI, on serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), Apo B, fasting glucose, or insulin concentrations (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In a dietary crossover trial, palm olein and olive oil had no recognisably different effects on body fatness or blood lipids in a healthy Chinese population.

[Nutrition and health survey of children and youth in Lishui District, Nanjing City].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the health and nutrition status of children in rural area of Lishui District, Nanjing City. METHODS: Cluster random sampling and the stratified sampling methods were used to recruit participants. Refer to the WHO child growth standards, Z score method was used to evaluate physical growth of the group. Dietary research was conducted by the food frequency questionnaire(FFQ), and referring to the 2002 food composition tables of China to evaluate the daily dietary intakes. RESULTS: BAZ scores showed 0 - 17 years old children obesity prevalence rate was 9. 0%, overweight was 18. 2%, angular and malnutrition were co-existed with the prevalence rates were 9. 1%, 1. 9% respectively. The average cooking oil was (27 ± 7. 3) g, and children daily intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium suitable rates were less than 50% according to the recommendation of Chinese DRIs. CONCLUSION: Rural children suffered from the problems of obesity and emaciated dietary structure is irrational and dietary nutrients intakes do not reached the demands of Chinese DRIs.