Multi-omics delineate growth factor network underlying exercise effects in an Alzheimer's mouse model.

Physical exercise represents a primary defense against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). To impartially investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted single-nucleus transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses (snRNA-seq and ATAC-seq) on the hippocampus of mice carrying AD-linked NL-G-F mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP NL-G-F ) following prolonged voluntary wheel-running exercise. Our study reveals that exercise mitigates amyloid-induced changes in both transcriptomic expression and chromatin accessibility through cell type-specific transcriptional regulatory networks. These networks converge on the activation of growth factor signaling pathways, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin signaling, correlating with an increased proportion of immature dentate granule cells and oligodendrocytes. Notably, the beneficial effects of exercise on neurocognitive functions can be blocked by pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Furthermore, exercise leads to elevated levels of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) in the blood, and intranasal administration of HB-EGF enhances memory function in sedentary APP NL-G-F mice. These findings offer a panoramic delineation of cell type-specific hippocampal transcriptional networks activated by exercise and suggest EGF-related growth factor signaling as a druggable contributor to exercise-induced memory enhancement, thereby suggesting therapeutic avenues for combatting AD-related cognitive decline.

Topology Optimization Design Method for Acoustic Imaging Array of Power Equipment.

Acoustic imaging technology has the advantages of non-contact and intuitive positioning. It is suitable for the rapid positioning of defects such as the mechanical loosening, discharge, and DC bias of power equipment. However, the existing research lacks the optimization design of microphone array topology. The acoustic frequency domain characteristics of typical power equipment are elaborately sorted out. After that, the cut-off frequencies of acoustic imaging instruments are determined, to meet the needs of the full bandwidth test requirements. Through a simulation calculation, the circular array is demonstrated to be the optimal shape. And the design parameters affect the imaging performance of the array to varying degrees, indicating that it is difficult to obtain the optimal array topology by an exhaustive method. Aimed at the complex working conditions of power equipment, a topology optimization design method of an acoustic imaging array for power equipment is proposed, and the global optimal solution of microphone array topology is obtained. Compared with the original array, the imaging performance of the improved LF and HF array is promoted by 54% and 49%, respectively. Combined with the simulation analysis and laboratory test, it is verified that the improved array can not only accurately locate the single sound source but also accurately identify the main sound source from the interference of the contiguous sound source.

Enhancing thermal comfort prediction in high-speed trains through machine learning and physiological signals integration.

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in high-speed trains (HST) are responsible for consuming approximately 70% of non-operational energy sources, yet they frequently fail to ensure provide adequate thermal comfort for the majority of passengers. Recent advancements in portable wearable sensors have opened up new possibilities for real-time detection of occupant thermal comfort status and timely feedback to the HVAC system. However, since occupant thermal comfort is subjective and cannot be directly measured, it is generally inferred from thermal environment parameters or physiological signals of occupants within the HST compartment. This paper presents a field test conducted to assess the thermal comfort of occupants within HST compartments. Leveraging physiological signals, including skin temperature, galvanic skin reaction, heart rate, and ambient temperature, we propose a Predicted Thermal Comfort (PTC) model for HST cabin occupants and establish an intelligent regulation model for the HVAC system. Nine input factors, comprising physiological signals, individual physiological characteristics, compartment seating, and ambient temperature, were formulated for the PTS model. In order to obtain an efficient and accurate PTC prediction model for HST cabin occupants, we compared the accuracy of different subsets of features trained by Machine Learning (ML) models of Random Forest, Decision Tree, Vector Machine and K-neighbourhood. We divided all the predicted feature values into four subsets, and did hyperparameter optimisation for each ML model. The HST compartment occupant PTC prediction model trained by Random Forest model obtained 90.4% Accuracy (F1 macro = 0.889). Subsequent sensitivity analyses of the best predictive models were then performed using SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP) and data-based sensitivity analysis (DSA) methods. The development of a more accurate and operationally efficient thermal comfort prediction model for HST occupants allows for precise and detailed feedback to the HVAC system. Consequently, the HVAC system can make the most appropriate and effective air supply adjustments, leading to improved satisfaction rates for HST occupant thermal comfort and the avoidance of energy wastage caused by inaccurate and untimely predictive feedback.

Biodiversity mitigates drought effects in the decomposer system across biomes.

Multiple facets of global change affect the earth system interactively, with complex consequences for ecosystem functioning and stability. Simultaneous climate and biodiversity change are of particular concern, because biodiversity may contribute to ecosystem resistance and resilience and may mitigate climate change impacts. Yet, the extent and generality of how climate and biodiversity change interact remain insufficiently understood, especially for the decomposition of organic matter, a major determinant of the biosphere-atmosphere carbon feedbacks. With an inter-biome field experiment using large rainfall exclusion facilities, we tested how drought, a common prediction of climate change models for many parts of the world, and biodiversity in the decomposer system drive decomposition in forest ecosystems interactively. Decomposing leaf litter lost less carbon (C) and especially nitrogen (N) in five different forest biomes following partial rainfall exclusion compared to conditions without rainfall exclusion. An increasing complexity of the decomposer community alleviated drought effects, with full compensation when large-bodied invertebrates were present. Leaf litter mixing increased diversity effects, with increasing litter species richness, which contributed to counteracting drought effects on C and N loss, although to a much smaller degree than decomposer community complexity. Our results show at a relevant spatial scale covering distinct climate zones that both, the diversity of decomposer communities and plant litter in forest floors have a strong potential to mitigate drought effects on C and N dynamics during decomposition. Preserving biodiversity at multiple trophic levels contributes to ecosystem resistance and appears critical to maintain ecosystem processes under ongoing climate change.

Experimental Study of Compatibility between the Eco-friendly Insulation Mixed Gas CF3SO2F/N2 and EPDM and CR Materials.

As a greenhouse gas with strong global warming potential, the use of SF6 needs to be reduced as much as possible. Researching environmentally friendly insulation (EFI) gases to replace SF6 in power electrical equipment is an effective way to reduce its usage. CF3SO2F/N2, as a newly proposed EFI gas, has certain potential to replace SF6. Compatibility of CF3SO2F/N2 gas with rubber sealing materials commonly used in electrical equipment is still unknown. In this article, the compatibility of CF3SO2F/N2 with the ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and chloroprene rubber (CR) was investigated experimentally. It was found that CF3SO2F/N2 would slightly decompose under the influence of EPDM and CR rubber under certain conditions. The surface morphology of EPDM changed slightly under the influence of CF3SO2F/N2, and it was similar to the influence of SF6. While the surface morphology of CR deteriorated significantly with obvious defects. The mechanical properties of EPDM were not significantly affected by CF3SO2F, which is similar to the influence of SF6. But CR was affected greatly by CF3SO2F gas. Permanent deformation compression and surface morphology are two effective indicators for characterizing the compatibility between gas and rubber sealing materials. This research provides a reference for the application of CF3SO2F/N2 as a new EFI gas in power equipment.

The effect of perceived professional benefits on health professionals' job engagement: the role of psychological availability and future perceived professional benefits.

BACKGROUND: Improving the job engagement of health professionals can effectively enhance the quality of their medical services. However, few studies have investigated whether and how perceived professional benefits affect job engagement. Based on resource conservation theory, this study explored the effect of the influence of perceived professional benefits on job engagement, and also examined the mediating role of psychological availability and the moderating role of future perceived professional benefits. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals and seven secondary hospitals in Liu Panshui, a city in western China. A total of 1,406 valid questionnaires were obtained and analysed by using correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and bootstrap tests. RESULT: The study found a significant positive association between health professionals' perceived professional benefits and their job engagement. Additionally, psychological availability was found to mediate this relationship. Future perceived professional benefits not only positively moderate this relationship between perceived professional benefits on health professionals' psychological availability but also positively moderate the mediating role of psychological availability between perceived professional benefits and job engagement. CONCLUSION: Improving health professionals' perceived professional benefits can enhance their job engagement by increasing their psychological availability. However, for health professionals with low future perceived professional benefits, this improvement may disappear. Therefore, it is important to enhance both their current and future perceived professional benefits to improve their job engagement.

Exploring the impact of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 on fertility in sperm donors.

ABSTRACT: Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv[9]) is a common chromosomal structural variant, but its impact on clinical outcomes remains debated. The screening criteria of sperm banks are rarely mentioned to individuals with inv(9). In this study, we evaluated the fertility of sperm donors with inv(9) who met eligibility criteria for sperm banks (inv[9]-eligible donors). From March 2004 to May 2022, chromosomal analysis of 16 124 sperm donors at CITIC-Xiangya Human Sperm Bank in Hunan Province (Changsha, China) found that 251 (1.6%) had chromosome variations, with inv(9) being the most prevalent at 1.1%. All 169 inv(9)-eligible donors were contacted to collect fertility outcome data, along with 206 eligible donors without inv(9) as controls. In addition, semen samples from inv(9)-eligible donors and eligible donors underwent assessments of sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation index, acrosome integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sperm morphology. Results showed that inv(9) did not significantly increase reproductive risks overall. Despite detecting ROS level differences, the clinical impact may be insignificant. This study provides new data on the inv(9) population that can serve as a valuable reference for decision-making by sperm banks as well as for genetic counseling and clinical guidance for individuals carrying inv(9) variant.

Regulating electronic structure of Fe single-atom site by S/N dual-coordination for efficient Fenton-like catalysis.

The activity of single-atom catalysts in peroxymonosulfate activation process is bound up with the local electronic state of metal center. However, the large electronegativity of N atoms in Metal-N4 restricts the electron transfer between center metal atom and peroxymonosulfate. Herein, we constructed Fe-SN-C catalyst by incorporating S atom in the first coordination sphere of Fe single-atom site (Fe-S1N3) for Fenton-like catalysis. The Fe-SN-C with a low valent Fe is found to exhibit excellent catalytic activity for bisphenol A degradation, and the corresponding rate constant reaches 0.405 min-1, 11.9-fold higher than the original Fe-N-C. Besides, the Fe-SN-C/PMS system exhibits ideal catalytic stability under the effect of wide pH range and background substrates by the fast generation of high-valent Fe species. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the dual coordination of S and N atoms notably increases the local electron density of Fe atoms and electron filling in eg orbital, causing a d band center shifting close to the fermi level and thereby optimizes the activation energy for peroxymonosulfate decomposition via Fe 3d-O 2p orbital interaction. This work provides further development of promising SACs for the efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate based on direct regulation of the coordination environment of active center metal atoms.

The role of N6-methyladenosine in macrophage polarization: A novel treatment strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

RNA methylation modifications, as a widespread type of modification in eukaryotic cells, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are associated with many activities in organisms, including macrophage polarization and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Macrophages in the liver are of diverse origin and complex phenotype, exhibiting different functions in development of NASH. In the review, we discuss the functions of m6A and m6A-related enzymes in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we retrospect the role of macrophage polarization in NASH. Finally, we discuss the prospects of m6A in macrophages and NASH, and provide guidance for the treatment of NASH.

Divergent Selection in Low Recombination Regions Shapes the Genomic Islands in Two Incipient Shorebird Species.

Speciation in the face of gene flow is usually associated with a heterogeneous genomic landscape of divergence in nascent species pairs. However, multiple factors, such as divergent selection and local recombination rate variation, can influence the formation of these genomic islands. Examination of the genomic landscapes of species pairs that are still in the early stages of speciation provides an insight into this conundrum. In this study, population genomic analyses were undertaken using a wide range of sampling and whole-genome resequencing data from 96 unrelated individuals of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and white-faced plover (Charadrius dealbatus). We suggest that the two species exhibit varying levels of population admixture along the Chinese coast and on the Taiwan Island. Genome-wide analyses for introgression indicate that ancient introgression had occurred in Taiwan population, and gene flow is still ongoing in mainland coastal populations. Furthermore, we identified a few genomic regions with significant levels of interspecific differentiation and local recombination suppression, which contain several genes potentially associated with disease resistance, coloration, and regulation of plumage molting and thus may be relevant to the phenotypic and ecological divergence of the two nascent species. Overall, our findings suggest that divergent selection in low recombination regions may be a main force in shaping the genomic islands in two incipient shorebird species.

Targeted metabolomics revealed the mechanisms underlying the role of Liansu capsule in ameliorating functional dyspepsia.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Liansu capsule could alleviate dyspeptic symptoms; however, the mechanisms underlying its role in treating functional dyspepsia (FD) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To elucidate the mechanism underlying the efficacy of Liansu capsule in alleviating FD symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six male mice were randomly divided into the following six groups: control, model, low-strength Liansu, moderate-strength Liansu, high-strength Liansu, and domperidone groups. Small intestine propulsion rate, gastric residual rate and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate efficacy of Liansu capsule. Levels of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, phosphorylation of p65, ghrelin and gastrin were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assays. Targeted metabolomic analyses, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to explore the mechanism of Liansu capsule in ameliorating FD. RESULTS: The Liansu capsule significantly ameliorated the symptoms of FD, and markedly increased the levels of ghrelin and gastrin. Moreover, Liansu capsule significantly downregulated the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65. Targeted metabolomic analyses showed that Liansu capsule significantly reduced the levels of deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, which were significantly elevated in the model group. Furthermore, these results showed that deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid markedly promoted the levels of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in vitro. whereas, Liansu capsule significantly reduced the levels of TGR5, phosphorylated STAT3, and KLF5. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that Liansu capsule improved FD by regulating the deoxycholic acid/hyodeoxycholic acid-TGR5-STAT3-KLF5 axis. The findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the role of Liansu capsule, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for FD.

Thermal sensation prediction model for high-speed train occupants based on skin temperatures and skin wettedness.

Passenger thermal comfort in high-speed train (HST) carriages presents unique challenges due to factors such as extensive operational areas, longer travel durations, larger spaces, and higher passenger capacities. This study aims to propose a new prediction model to better understand and address thermal comfort in HST carriages. The proposed prediction model incorporates skin wettedness, vertical skin temperature difference (ΔTd), and skin temperature as parameters to predict the thermal sensation vote (TSV) of HST passengers. The experiments were conducted with 65 subjects, evenly distributed throughout the HST compartment. Thermal environmental conditions and physiological signals were measured to capture the subjects' thermal responses. The study also investigated regional and overall thermal sensations experienced by the subjects. Results revealed significant regional differences in skin temperature between upper and lower body parts. By analyzing data from 45 subjects, We analyzed the effect of 25 variables on TSV by partial least squares (PLS), from which we singled out 3 key factors. And the optimal multiple regression equation was derived to predict the TSV of HST occupants. Validation with an additional 20 subjects demonstrated a strong linear correlation (0.965) between the actual TSV and the predicted values, confirming the feasibility and accuracy of the developed prediction model. By integrating skin wettedness and ΔTd with skin temperature, the model provides a comprehensive approach to predicting thermal comfort in HST environments. This research contributes to advancing thermal comfort analysis in HST and offers valuable insights for optimizing HST system design and operation to meet passengers' comfort requirements.

Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)-Sb Coupling of Chlorostibines with Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Products.

In this study, we present a nickel-catalyzed reductive C(sp3)-Sb coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides with chlorostibines. This approach is highly versatile, tolerating various functional groups such as acetal, alkene, nitrile, amine, ester, silyl ether, thioether, and various heterocyclic compounds. Notably, the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and the satisfactory anticancer activity against cancerous MDA-MB-231 also demonstrate the potential application.

A comparative study on hemostasis effect of different application methods and time of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the hemostatic effect of different application methods and time of tranexamic acid (TXA) on primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: A total of 126 patients with primary unilateral total hip replacement admitted between January 2019 and January 2021 were recruited. The patients were divided into three groups (42 people in each group) by random number table method. In group I, 2.0 g TXA was perfused locally into the hip joint cavity through the drainage tube for 2 h. Group II was perfused locally with the same method for 4 h. Group III was given TXA 15 mg/kg intravenously 5-10 min before surgical incision. The hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-Dimer (D-D), intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, implicit blood loss, total blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion and complications were compared. RESULTS: The postoperative drainage volume of group I (195.07 ± 34.65) mL and group II (199.62 ± 38.07) mL was significantly lower than that of group III (213.12 ± 25.05) mL (P = 0.037). There was no significant difference in postoperative drainage between group I and group II (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss and total blood loss between the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis among the three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TXA is a safe and effective way of hemostasis in total hip arthroplasty. Local intraarticular application of TXA can reduce the postoperative drainage, but the difference is not clinically significant, probably due to the number of samples. There is no difference in the postoperative drainage after local application of 2 or 4 h, and there is no difference in the overall hemostasis effect between intravenous or local application of TXA.

Impact of smoking cessation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The negative effects of smoking on numerous cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been widely acknowledged. However, the potential effect of smoking cessation is relatively unelucidated. The objective of this study is to explore whether the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in former smokers differs from the prevalence in current smokers. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Four databases, that is, PubMed, Web of Science, Journal@Ovid and Scopus were searched from inception to 31 January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Population-based cross-sectional studies, including the baseline data of cohort studies with identified NAFLD diagnostic methods, and smoking status (current smoker or former smoker) of participants were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted the data including cigarette smoking status, country/region of studies, NAFLD diagnostic methods, sex, the average age and body mass index (BMI) of NAFLD participants and assessed the risk of bias with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist. Risk ratio (RR) of NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was pooled using the random-effects model. RESULTS: 28 studies involving 4 465 862 participants were included. Compared with current smokers, the RR of overall NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19, prediction interval: 0.92-1.39). This result persisted after adjustment for diagnostic methods, country/region, sex, age and BMI. Sensitivity analysis and risk of bias assessment indicated a stable conclusion. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was at least not lower than that in current smokers and was partially related to increased BMI after smoking cessation, indicating that smoking cessation was possibly not a protective factor against NAFLD. Although the meta-analysis based on cross-sectional studies cannot conclude the causal relationships between smoking cessation and NAFLD onset, the potential onset of NAFLD associated with smoking cessation should be highlighted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023394944.

Contrast U-Net driven by sufficient texture extraction for carotid plaque detection.

Ischemic heart disease or stroke caused by the rupture or dislodgement of a carotid plaque poses a huge risk to human health. To obtain accurate information on the carotid plaque characteristics of patients and to assist clinicians in the determination and identification of atherosclerotic areas, which is one significant foundation work. Existing work in this field has not deliberately extracted texture information of carotid from the ultrasound images. However, texture information is a very important part of carotid ultrasound images. To make full use of the texture information in carotid ultrasound images, a novel network based on U-Net called Contrast U-Net is designed in this paper. First, the proposed network mainly relies on a contrast block to extract accurate texture information. Moreover, to make the network better learn the texture information of each channel, the squeeze-and-excitation block is introduced to assist in the jump connection from encoding to decoding. Experimental results from intravascular ultrasound image datasets show that the proposed network can achieve superior performance compared with other popular models in carotid plaque detection.

Rapid ultra-sensitive nucleic acid detection using plasmonic fiber-optic spectral combs and gold nanoparticle-tagged targets.

Nucleic acid (NA) is a widely-used biomarker for viruses. Accurate quantification of NA can provide a reliable basis for point-of-care diagnosis and treatment. Here, we propose a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG)-based plasmonic fiber-optic spectral comb for fast response and ultralow limit NA detection. The TFBG is coated with a gold film which enables excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and single-stranded probe NAs with known base sequences are assembled on the gold film. To enhance sensitivity of refractive index (RI) for sensing a chosen combination of probe and target NAs around the TFBG surface, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are bonded to the target NA molecules as "RI-labels". The NA combination-induced aggregation of AuNPs induces significant spectral responses in the TFBG that would be below the detection threshold for the NAs in the absence of the AuNPs. The proposed TFBG-SPR NA sensor shows a fast response time of 30 s and an ultra-wide NA detection range from 1 × 10-18 mol/L to 1 × 10-7 mol/L. In the NA concentration range of 1 × 10-12 mol/L (1 pM) to 105 pM, an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.534 dB/lg(pM) is obtained. The sensor achieves an ultra-low limit of detection down to 1.0 × 10-18 mol/L (1 aM), which is more than an order of magnitude lower than the previous reports. The proposed sensor not only shows potentials in practical applications of NA detection, but also provides a new way for TFBG-SPR biochemical sensors to achieve higher RI sensitivity.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by Cu-Ni-Fe layered double oxides for degradation of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate: Synergistic effect of oxygen vacancy and Cu(I).

In this study, Cu hybridization coupling oxygen defect engineering was adopted to synthesis of CuNiFe layered double oxides (CuNiFe-LDOs) in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for degradation of methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. The morphology and crystal structure of CuNiFe-LDOs was characterized in detail, which exhibited regular layered-structure at a Cu:Ni doping ratio of 1:1 and annealing temperature of 400 °C, and presented the crystal of CuxO@Fe3O4-NiO. Besides, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results demonstrated that abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) and low oxidation state Cu species were composed in CuNiFe-LDOs400. The Cu1·5Ni1·5Fe1-LDOs400/PMS system showed excellent catalytic performance toward the degradation of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (BuP), and resistant to the effect of pH value and background inorganic anions. Based on quenching experiments and EPR measurements, singlet oxygen (1O2) was identified as the dominant active species during the heterogeneous catalytic process, which was generated by the synergistic interaction between OVs-Cu(I) site and PMS. In this process, the electron-drawing property of OVs promoted the adsorption of PMS molecule on Cu(I) site, followed by the accumulation of electron and cleavage of O-O bond to generate intermediate oxygen radical species, which donated one electron to eventually generate singlet oxygen.

Design of Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber for Highly Sensitive Magnetic Field and Temperature Simultaneous Measurement.

A high-sensitivity plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor is designed and a metal thin film is embedded for achieving surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which can detect the magnetic field and temperature simultaneously. Within the plasmonic PCF sensor, the SPR sensing is accomplished by coating both the upper sensing channel (Ch1) and the lower sensing channel (Ch2) with gold film. In addition, the temperature-sensitive medium polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is chosen to fill in Ch1, allowing the sensor to respond to the temperature. The magnetic field-sensitive medium magnetic fluid (MF) is chosen to fill in Ch2, allowing this sensor to respond to the magnetic field. During these processes, this proposed SPR-PCF sensor can achieve dual-parameter sensing. The paper also investigates the electrical field characteristics, structural parameters and sensing performance using COMSOL. Finally, under the magnetic field range of 50-130 Oe, this sensor has magnetic field sensing sensitivities of 0 pm/Oe (Ch1) and 235 pm/Oe (Ch2). In addition, this paper also investigates the response of temperature. Under the temperature range of 20-40 °C, Ch1 and Ch2 have temperature sensitivities of -2000 pm/°C and 0 pm/°C, respectively. It is noteworthy that the two sensing channels respond to only a single physical parameter; this sensing performance is not common in dual-parameter sensing. Due to this sensing performance, it can be found that the magnetic field and temperature can be detected by this designed SPR-PCF sensor simultaneously without founding and calculating a sensing matrix. This sensing performance can solve the cross-sensitivity problem of magnetic field and temperature, thus reducing the measurement error. Since it can sense without a matrix, it further can solve the ill-conditioned matrix and nonlinear change in sensitivity problems in dual-parameter sensing. These excellent sensing capabilities are very important for carrying out multiparameter sensing in complicated environments.

APOEɛ4 Status and Plasma p-tau181 Levels May Influence Memory and Executive Function Decline in Older Adults Without Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Elevated tau phosphorylation has been linked to the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, which is considered one of the most significant genes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is uncertain whether the impact of increased plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) on memory and executive function decline would be greater among APOEɛ4 carriers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of plasma p-tau181 and APOEɛ4 on memory and executive function. METHODS: The longitudinal analysis included 608 older adults without dementia (aged 72±7 years; 47% female; follow-up period of 1.59±1.47 years) from the ADNI dataset, including 180 individuals with normal cognition and 429 individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Linear mixed-effects models were utilized to assess the contributions of APOEɛ4 status and plasma p-tau181 to longitudinal changes in memory composite score and executive function composite score. RESULTS: At baseline, the APOEɛ4+/Tau+ group exhibited poorer performance in memory composite score and executive function composite score, and an elevated load of cerebrospinal fluid Aß and tau pathologies. To further understand longitudinal changes, we compared groups directly based on plasma p-tau181 and APOEɛ4 status (four groups: APOEɛ4-/Tau-, APOEɛ4-/Tau+, APOEɛ4+/Tau-, APOEɛ4+/Tau+). Both the memory composite score and executive function composite score showed a significantly greater decline in the APOEɛ4+/Tau+ group than in all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that there is an interaction between plasma p-tau181 levels and APOEɛ4 status, which contributes to the longitudinal changes of memory and executive function in older adults without dementia.