ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease marked by significant metabolic dysfunctions. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment strategies. METHODS: We used datasets GSE7014, GSE25724, and GSE156248 from the GEO database to build a diagnostic model for DM using Random Forest (RF) and LASSO regression models. GSE20966 served as a validation cohort. DM patients were classified into two subtypes for functional enrichment analysis. Expression levels of key diagnostic genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from DM patients and healthy controls, focusing on CXCL12 and PPP1R12B with GAPDH as the internal control. RESULTS: After de-batching the datasets, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DM and control groups, with 70 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed significant down-regulation in the IL-12 signaling pathway, JAK signaling post-IL-12 stimulation, and the ferroptosis pathway in DM. Five genes (CXCL12, MXRA5, UCHL1, PPP1R12B, and C7) were identified as having diagnostic value. The diagnostic model showed high accuracy in both the training and validation cohorts. The gene set also enabled the subclassification of DM patients into groups with distinct functional traits. qRT-PCR results confirmed the bioinformatics findings, particularly the up-regulation of CXCL12 and PPP1R12B in DM patients. CONCLUSION: Our study pinpointed seven energy metabolism-related genes differentially expressed in DM and controls, with five holding diagnostic value. Our model accurately diagnosed DM and facilitated patient subclassification, offering new insights into DM pathogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the therapeutic effects of compound Xuanju capsules combined with hormone therapy vs hormone therapy alone in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP database were manually searched. The quality of included studies was evaluated based on Cochrane Systematic Review standards, and the valid data were extracted for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Review). Results: A total of 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1249 patients were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that patients in the compound Xuanju capsule + hormone therapy group had higher estradiol (E2) levels and overall rates of effective treatment than patients in the hormone therapy alone group. Moreover, they exhibited lower levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as lower Kupperman scores, than the hormone therapy alone group. Conclusions: The combination of compound Xuanju capsules and hormone therapy is more effective than hormone therapy alone in the treatment of PCOS-related infertility. However, the quality of current studies is low, and high-quality clinical trials are warranted.
