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BACKGROUND: In prior research employing iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) technology, we identified a range of proteins in breast cancer tissues exhibiting high levels of acetylation. Despite this advancement, the specific functions and implications of these acetylated proteins in the context of cancer biology have yet to be elucidated. This study aims to systematically investigate the functional roles of these acetylated proteins with the objective of identifying potential therapeutic targets within breast cancer pathophysiology. METHODS: Acetylated targets were identified through bioinformatics, with their expression and acetylation subsequently confirmed. Proteomic analysis and validation studies identified potential acetyltransferases and deacetylases. We evaluated metabolic functions via assays for catalytic activity, glucose consumption, ATP levels, and lactate production. Cell proliferation and metastasis were assessed through viability, cycle analysis, clonogenic assays, PCNA uptake, wound healing, Transwell assays, and MMP/EMT marker detection. RESULTS: Acetylated proteins in breast cancer were primarily involved in metabolism, significantly impacting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Notably, PGK1 showed the highest acetylation at lysine 323 and exhibited increased expression and acetylation across breast cancer tissues, particularly in T47D and MCF-7 cells. Notably, 18 varieties acetyltransferases or deacetylases were identified in T47D cells, among which p300 and Sirtuin3 were validated for their interaction with PGK1. Acetylation at 323 K enhanced PGK1's metabolic role by boosting its activity, glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate output. This modification also promoted cell proliferation, as evidenced by increased viability, S phase ratio, clonality, and PCNA levels. Furthermore, PGK1-323 K acetylation facilitated metastasis, improving wound healing, cell invasion, and upregulating MMP2, MMP9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin while downregulating E-cadherin. CONCLUSION: PGK1-323 K acetylation was significantly elevated in T47D and MCF-7 luminal A breast cancer cells and this acetylation could be regulated by p300 and Sirtuin3. PGK1-323 K acetylation promoted cell glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis, highlighting novel epigenetic targets for breast cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Cell Proliferation , Glycolysis , Lysine , Phosphoglycerate Kinase , Humans , Phosphoglycerate Kinase/metabolism , Phosphoglycerate Kinase/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Female , Acetylation , Lysine/metabolism , Sirtuin 3/metabolism , MCF-7 Cells , Cell Line, Tumor , Proteomics/methods , Neoplasm Metastasis , Cell Movement , Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fish reproduction, development and growth are directly affected by temperature, investigating the regulatory mechanisms behind high temperature stress is helpful to construct a finer molecular network. In this study, we systematically analyzed the transcriptome and miRNA information of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) liver tissues at different cultivation temperatures of 24 â (Low), 27 â (Mid) and 30 â (High) based on a high-throughput sequencing platform. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 1594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 660 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in the LowLi vs. MidLi comparison group, 473 DEGs and 84 DEMs in the MidLi vs. HighLi group, 914 DEGs and 442 DEMs in the LowLi vs. HighLi group. These included some important genes and miRNAs such as calr, hsp90b1, hsp70, ssa-miR-125a-3p, ssa-miR-92b-5p, dre-miR-15a-3p and novel-m1018-5p. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the protein folding, processing and export pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum; the target genes of the DEMs were mainly enriched in the focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, the association analysis revealed that the key genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathway. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the number of genes and miRNAs involved in the regulation of heat stress during the temperature change from 24 °C to 27 °C. In addition, we examined the tissue expression characteristics of some key genes and miRNAs by qPCR, and found that calr, hsp90b1 and dre-miR-125b-2-3p were significantly highly expressed in the liver at 27 â, while novel-m0481-5p, ssa-miR-125a-3p, ssa-miR-92b-5p, dre-miR-15a-3p and novel-m1018-5p had the highest expression in the heart at 30â. Finally, the quantitative expression trends of 10 randomly selected DEGs and 10 DEMs were consistent with the sequencing data, indicating the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study provides some fundamental data for subsequent in-depth research into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of A. sapidissima response to heat stress, and for the selective breeding of high temperature tolerant varieties.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Liver , MicroRNAs , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Animals , Liver/metabolism , Transcriptome , Heat-Shock Response/genetics , Gene Regulatory Networks , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Hot Temperature , Stress, Physiological/geneticsABSTRACT
Immune evasion is one of the critical hallmarks of malignant tumors, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emerging findings have illustrated the roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on NSCLC immune evasion. Here, this study investigated the function and underlying mechanism of m6A reader YTH domain family protein 3 (YTHDF3) on NSCLC immune evasion. YTHDF3 was found to be highly expressed in NSCLC tissue and act as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Functionally, up-regulation of YTHDF3 impaired the CD8+ T antitumor activity to deteriorate NSCLC immune evasion, while YTHDF3 silencing recovered the CD8+ T antitumor activity to inhibit immune evasion. Besides, YTHDF3 up-regulation reduced the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PD-L1 acted as the downstream target for YTHDF3, and YTHDF3 could upregulate the transcription stability of PD-L1 mRNA. Overall, YTHDF3 targeted PD-L1 to promote NSCLC immune evasion partially through escaping effector cell cytotoxicity CD8+ T mediated killing and antitumor immunity. In summary, this study provides an essential insight for m6A modification on CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in NSCLC, which might inspire an innovation for lung cancer tumor immunotherapy.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to ascertain the effectiveness of creative art therapy (CAT) in alleviating symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD). METHODS: A systematic review of all randomized controlled trials of CAT for PPD was conducted. Eight bibliographic databases, namely, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched digitally, while Google Scholar database was searched manually for a comprehensive literature search. The search period is from the establishment of the database to May 2024. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers, and the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated. Finally, RevMan5.3 software and STATA 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twelve studies, including 1633 patients, were included in this review. The results of our meta-analysis revealed that the intervention group was significantly better than the control group in depression [SMD = -0.882, 95 % CI: -1.256 to -0.508, P ï¼ 0.001][WMD = 0.680, 95 % CI: 0.407-0.953, P ï¼ 0.001], anxiety [SMD = -0.712, 95 % CI: -1.405 to -0.019, P = 0.044], and personal state [WMD = -5.180, 95 % CI: -5.869 to -4.491, P ï¼ 0.001][SMD = 0.388, 95 % CI: 0.132-0.643, P = 0.003], and the difference was statistically significant. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the above results were stable. CONCLUSION: CAT (music and creative games) was found to be effective in relieving depression, anxiety, and personal state in patients with PPD. Though CAT appears to be worthy of clinical application, more high-quality and large-sample studies are required to explore various aspects in the current context.
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The dramatic changes in the global climate pose a major threat to the survival of many organisms, including fish. To date, the regulatory mechanisms behind the physiological responses of fish to temperature changes have been studied, and a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of temperature tolerance will help to propose effective strategies for fish to cope with global warming. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of proteins and metabolites in liver tissues of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) corresponding to different water temperatures (24 °C, 27 °C and 30 °C) at various times (1-month intervals) under natural culture conditions. Proteomic analysis showed that the expression levels of the heat shock protein family (e.g. HSPE1, HSP70, HSPA5 and HSPA.1) increase significantly with temperature and that many differentially expressed proteins were highly enriched especially in pathways related to the endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis processes. In addition, the results of conjoint metabolomics and proteomics analysis suggested that the contents of several important amino acids and chemical compounds, including L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-cystine, choline and betaine, changed significantly under high-temperature environmental stress, affecting the metabolic levels of starch, amino acid and glucose, which is thought to represent a possible energy conservation method for A. sapidissima to cope with rapid changes in external temperature. In summary, our findings demonstrate that living under high temperatures for a long period of time leads to different physiological defense responses in A. sapidissima, which provides some new ideas for analyzing the molecular regulatory patterns of adaptation to high temperature and also provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement of fish culture in response to global warming.
Subject(s)
Heat-Shock Response , Liver , Metabolomics , Proteomics , Animals , Liver/metabolism , Proteomics/methods , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Fish Proteins/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Fishes/metabolism , Fishes/physiologyABSTRACT
Background: Breast cancer is a major public health concern. Proteomics enables identification of proteins with aberrant properties. Here, we identified proteins with abnormal expression levels in breast cancer tissues and systematically analyzed and validated the data to locate potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Methods: Protein expression level in breast cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were detected by Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) technology and further screened through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Cellular components, protein domain and Reactome pathway analysis were performed to screen functional targets. Abnormal expression levels of functional targets were validated by Oncomine database, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and proteomics detection. Protein correlation analysis was performed to explain the abnormal expression levels of potential targets in breast cancer. Results: Overall, 207 and 207 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in breast cancer tissues, and approximately 50% were also detected in the GEPIA database. The overlapping proteins were mainly extracellular proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like domain in leukocyte adhesion molecule (EGF-Lam) domain and enriched in laminin interaction pathway. Moreover, the downregulated laminin interaction proteins could be functional targets, which were also validated through Oncomine-Richardson and Oncomine-Curtis database. However, the lower expression level of laminin interaction proteins only fit for luminal breast cancer cells with no or low metastasis ability because the proteins achieved higher expression level in more invasive claudin-low breast cancer cells. In addition, when compared with corresponding in situ carcinoma tissues, above-mentioned proteins also showed higher expression levels in invasive carcinoma tissues. Finally, we have revealed the negative correlation between the laminin interaction proteins and the claudins. Conclusions: The laminin interaction protein, especially for laminins with ß1 and γ1 subunits and their integrin receptors with α1 and α6 subunits, showed lower expression levels in luminal breast cancer with no or lower metastatic ability, but showed higher expression levels in claudin-low breast cancer with higher metastatic ability; and their higher expression could be related to the low claudin expression.
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We examined the occurrence and levels of 19 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 7 species of marine bivalve molluscs collected from four coastal cities of Shandong Province, China. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prevalent component, accounting for 68.1 % of total PFASs. The total PFASs in bivalve molluscs ranged from 0.86 to 6.55 ng/g wet weight, with the highest concentration found in Meretrix meretrix L. The concentration of total PFASs in bivalve molluscs showed the following trend: clams > scallops > oysters > mussels. Estimation on the human intake of PFASs from consumption of bivalve molluscs resulted in hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 0.12 to 6.40. Five of the seven species had HR >1, indicating high exposure risks associated with PFASs. Therefore, the occurrence of PFASs in marine biota is particularly concerning and further investigations on the sources of PFASs in Shandong are warranted.
Subject(s)
Bivalvia , Environmental Monitoring , Fluorocarbons , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , China , Fluorocarbons/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Humans , Caprylates/analysisABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the function of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (hif1α) and factor inhibiting hif1α (fih1) in response to thermal stress, we first conducted a functional analysis of A. sapidissima hif1α and fih1, and determined hif1α and fih1 expressions in different tissues in response to thermal stress based on identified housekeeping genes (HKGs). The results showed that hif1α and fih1 were mainly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The full length cDNA sequence of hif1α and fih1 was 4073 bp and 2759 bp, respectively. The cDNA sequence of hif1α includes 15 exons encoding 750 amino acid residues, and the full length cDNA sequence of fih1 contains 9 exons encoding 354 amino acid residues. During the acute thermal stress transferring from 16 ± 0.5 °C (control) to 20 ± 0.5 °C, 25 ± 0.5 °C, and 30 ± 0.5 °C for 15 min, it was found that the expression trends of hif1α and fih1 showed an inhibitory regulation in the heart, while they consistently expressed in brain, intestine, muscle, gill, kidney and liver. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify the tissue-specific HKGs in A. sapidissima and found that ef1α and ß-actin are the most suitable HKGs. Hif1α and Fih1 are mainly the nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, respectively, having high levels in the heart and brain. Alosa sapidissima countered a temperature increase from 16 to 25 â by regulating the expressions of hif1α and fih1, but their physiological regulatory functions were unable to cope with acute thermal stress when the temperature difference was 14 â (from 16 to 30 â).
Subject(s)
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Animals , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Fish Proteins/genetics , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Gene Expression Regulation , Heat-Shock Response/physiology , Heat-Shock Response/genetics , Hot Temperature , Phylogeny , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Base SequenceABSTRACT
Proteoglycans containing link domains modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate cellular homeostasis and can also sensitize tissues/organs to injury and stress. Hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injury disrupts cellular homeostasis by activating inflammation and attenuating regeneration and repair pathways. In the brain, the main component of the ECM is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), but whether HA modifications of the ECM regulate cellular homeostasis and response to H-I injury is not known. In this report, employing both male and female mice, we demonstrate that link-domain-containing proteoglycan, TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), is active in the brain from birth onward and differentially modifies ECM HA during discrete neurodevelopmental windows. ECM HA modification by TSG-6 enables it to serve as a developmental switch to regulate the activity of the Hippo pathway effector protein, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), in the maturing brain and in response to H-I injury. Mice that lack TSG-6 expression display dysregulated expression of YAP1 targets, excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1; glutamate-aspartate transporter) and 2 (EAAT2; glutamate transporter-1). Dysregulation of YAP1 activation in TSG-6-/- mice coincides with age- and sex-dependent sensitization of the brain to H-I injury such that 1-week-old neonates display an anti-inflammatory response in contrast to an enhanced proinflammatory injury reaction in 3-month-old adult males but not females. Our findings thus support that a key regulator of age- and sex-dependent H-I injury response in the mouse brain is modulation of the Hippo-YAP1 pathway by TSG-6-dependent ECM modifications.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules , Extracellular Matrix , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , YAP-Signaling Proteins , Animals , Female , Male , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Mice , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism , Mice, Knockout , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Cell Cycle Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Environmental occurrence of perfluorobutane sulfonamide (PFBSA) has only been recently discovered. The current knowledge regarding the occurrence and environmental behaviors of PFBSA in the marine environment is still relatively limited. In this study, PFBSA and other 37 poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances were analyzed in seawater (n = 43), sediment (n = 43), and marine fish (n = 176) samples collected from East China Sea and Antarctic Ocean. PFBSA was detected in > 90% of seawater from East China Sea and Antarctic Ocean, with the concentrations of 1.0 - 19 ng/L and < LOD-228 pg/L, respectively. The field-based mean log-transformed sediment-seawater partitioning coefficients of PFBSA were 1.6 ± 0.19 L/kg dw and 1.1 ± 0.19 L/kg dw in East China Sea and Antarctic Ocean, respectively, which are lower than that of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate. This indicates its long-range transport potential in global oceans with ocean currents. The mean log-transformed bioaccumulation factor values of PFBSA determined in the multiple species of whole-body marine fishes from East China Sea and Antarctic Ocean were 2.3 L/kg ww and 2.4 L/kg ww, respectively, which are comparable to that of perfluoroheptanoate (2.3 L/kg ww) in marine fishes from East China Sea. We did not observe an obvious biomagnification or biodilution of PFBSA along the marine food chain in East China Sea or Antarctic Ocean. This study provides the first data on the environmental behaviors of PFBSA in the marine environment.
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This study investigates the influence of poly(butadiene-isoprene) copolymer rubber (BIR) and TDAE oil on the crystallization and melting behavior of neodymium-based butadiene rubber (Nd-BR). The study demonstrates that the melting points of Nd-BR and its blends decrease with lower crystallization temperatures. Below the critical crystallization temperature (Tc,c), the melting behavior shows dual peaks in distinct temperature ranges, which are attributed to different spherulitic sizes. The addition of BIR or TDAE oil lowers the Tc,c, with TDAE oil exerting a more substantial effect. These diluents mainly influence the nucleation temperature and crystallinity level of Nd-BR while having a minimal effect on the crystallization mechanism. A master curve, which overlaps for various samples, is developed by correlating the peak melting temperature (Tm,peak) with the Tc. This curve facilitates a quantitative assessment of the effects of BIR and TDAE oil on Nd-BR, highlighting the greater influence of TDAE oil on the crystalline structure compared with BIR at equivalent mass fractions. By applying the Lorentz equation and multi-peak fitting, a relationship between the melting points and crystallization temperatures is established, enabling the calculation of the equilibrium melting points (Tm0) for different samples. The findings show a reduction in the Tm0 due to the diluents; specifically, the Tm0 is approximately 0 °C for pure Nd-BR, and it decreases to -4.579 °C and -6.579 °C for samples with 50 PHR TDAE oil and 60 wt.% BIR, respectively.
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BACKGROUND: Tin and lead contamination is a global threat to marine ecosystems considering their species-specific toxicity, bioavailability and mobility. Hence simultaneous measurement of multiple tin and lead compounds at µg L-1 to pg L-1 levels in environmental water is always an indispensable but challengeable task. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) is one of the most widely used choices for this purpose because of good sensitivity, strong separation power and good compatibility. Previous HPLC-ICP-MS methods based on a single elemental speciation strategy are low-efficiency and sensitivity-insufficient for a large set of unstable samples and interaction of multiple metal(loid)s down to ng L-1 levels. RESULTS: In this study, we developed a sensitive, efficient and environment-friendly analytical method for accurate quantification of inorganic and organic species of tin and lead simultaneously based on HPLC-ICP-MS with online integration of solid phase extraction (SPE). By using graphene oxide modified silica conditioned with 1 mM benzoic acid to enrich tin and lead species from 10 mL sample, detection limits were improved to 2-8 pg per liter due to satisfactory enrichment factors (522-2848 folds). The SPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method was applicable to quantification of ultra-trace tin and lead species at pg L-1 levels in uncontaminated seawater. Tributyltin was the only tin species detected at subnanograms per liter levels while Pb(II) was the only lead species detected at several nanograms per liter in thirteen coastal seawater samples collected in Hangzhou Bay, indicating light contamination of tin and lead. SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, the proposed SPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method is highly sensitive, efficient and environment-friendly that are fairly suitable to routine speciation analysis of tin and lead in environmental, food, and biological samples.
Subject(s)
Lead , Tin , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Ecosystem , Seawater , Solid Phase Extraction/methodsABSTRACT
Tin and lead are a global concern considering their species-dependent toxicity, bioavailability and transformation. Simultaneous speciation analysis of tin and lead is challenging for a large food capacity containing unstable species. Herein, we developed two sensitive methods for rapid quantification of tin and lead species in Antarctic seafood by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based on strong cation-exchange and Amphion columns. Inorganic tin and lead, four organotin and two organolead compounds can be analysed in 16 min on a 10-cm Amphion II column (mobile phase: 4 mM sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate at pH 2.0) with 0.02-0.24 µg L-1 detection limits. The method was applied to Antarctic krill and fish, demonstrating the presence of any tin and lead species down to µg kg-1 level. Overall, the proposed methods are sensitive, efficient and environment-friendly for routine speciation analysis of tin and lead in food samples.
Subject(s)
Euphausiacea , Tin , Animals , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Lead , Seafood , Fishes , CationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The seeds of Plantago asiatica L., a folk herb, are rich in polysaccharides that possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Polysaccharides with lower molecular weights generally exhibit higher biological activity, so a method to efficiently extract low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from P. asiatica L. seeds (PLPs) is needed. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to establish an efficient method for extracting polysaccharides from P. asiatica L. seeds while preserving their activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal polysaccharide extraction conditions. Subsequently, the extracted polysaccharides were characterized to determine their monosaccharide composition, physicochemical properties, and molecular weight. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring their ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals. RESULTS: An extraction yield of 9.17% was achieved under an ethanol concentration of 18.0% (w/w), a K2HPO4 concentration of 27.8% (w/w), a solvent-to-material ratio of 30:1 (mL/g), an ultrasound power of 203 W, and an extraction time of 39 min. Structural analyses indicated that this method might cause physicochemical changes in the conformation of PLPs and induce the degradation of PLP side chains but not the backbone. The antioxidant assay results showed that the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates of PLPs were 48.3% and 49.2%, respectively, while in the control group the radical scavenging rates were 35.5% and 37.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The established method for extracting polysaccharides from P. asiatica L. seeds is efficient and reliable. The polysaccharides could be used as an important resource with antioxidant activity.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Benzothiazoles , Plantago , Sulfonic Acids , Antioxidants/chemistry , Ethanol , Plantago/chemistry , Plantago/metabolism , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
High temperature is an important abiotic stressor that limits the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. American shad (Alosa sapidissima), a migratory fish suitable for culturing at low temperatures, is known for its delicious taste and thus has high economic value. Studies concerning changes in A. sapidissima under high temperature are limited, especially at the gene expression and protein levels. High-temperature stress significantly reduced the survival rates and increased vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in the gills and liver. High temperature increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and cortisol, with a trend of initial increase followed by decreases in MDA, ALP, and LDH, and irregular changes in T-AOC and Na-K-ATPase. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of gills from fish treated with different culture temperatures (24, 27, and 30 °C) revealed that differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites were highly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, metabolic pathways, and purine metabolism. Gene expression and protein profiles indicated that genes coding for antioxidants (i.e., cat and alpl) and members of the heat shock protein (i.e., HSP70, HSP90AA1, and HSP5) were significantly upregulated. Additionally, a conjoint analysis revealed that several key enzymes, including nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2, adenosine deaminase, and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5/6 were altered, thereby affecting the metabolism of guanosine, guanine, and inosine. An interaction network further confirmed that levels of the essential amino acids DL-arginine and L-histidine were significantly reduced, and corticosterone levels were significantly increased, suggesting that A. sapidissima may be more dependent on amino acids for energy in vivo. Overall, this work suggests that living in a high-temperature environment leads to differential defense responses in fishes. The results provide novel perspectives for studying the molecular basis of adaptation to climate change in A. sapidissima and for genetic selection.
Subject(s)
Fishes , Multiomics , Animals , Temperature , Fishes/physiology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseABSTRACT
Utilizing neodymium-based butadiene rubber as a baseline, this study examines the effect of eco-friendly aromatic TDAE oil, fillers, and crosslinking reactions on neodymium-based rare-earth butadiene rubber (Nd-BR) crystallization behavior. The findings suggest that TDAE oil hinders crystallization, resulting in decreased crystallization temperatures and heightened activation energies (Ea). The crystallization activation energies for 20 parts per hundreds of rubber (PHR) and 37.5 PHR oil stand at -116.8 kJ/mol and -48.1 kJ/mol, respectively, surpassing the -264.3 kJ/mol of the unadulterated rubber. Fillers act as nucleating agents, hastening crystallization, which in turn elevates crystallization temperatures and diminishes Ea. In samples containing 20 PHR and 37.5 PHR oil, the incorporation of carbon black and silica brought the Ea down to -224.9 kJ/mol and -239.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Crosslinking considerably restricts molecular motion and crystallization potential. In the examined conditions, butadiene rubber containing 37.5 PHR oil displayed no crystallization following crosslinking, albeit crystallization was discernible with filler inclusion. Simultaneously, the crystallinity level sharply declined, manifesting cold crystallization behavior. The crosslinking process elevates Ea, while the equilibrium melting point (Tm0) noticeably diminishes. For instance, the Tm0 of pure Nd-BR is approximately -0.135 °C. When blended with carbon black and silica, the Tm0 values are -3.13 °C and -5.23 °C, respectively. After vulcanization, these values decrease to -21.6 °C and -10.16 °C. Evaluating the isothermal crystallization kinetics of diverse materials via the Avrami equation revealed that both the oil and crosslinking process can bring about a decrease in n values, with the Avrami index n for various samples oscillating between 1.5 and 2.5. Assessing the dynamic mechanical attributes of different specimens reveals that Nd-BR crystallization notably curtails its glass transition, marked by a modulus shift in the transition domain and a decrement in loss factor. The modulus in the rubbery state also witnesses a substantial augmentation.
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The current methods of treating organic waste suffer from limited resource usage and low product value. Research and development of value-added products emerges as an unavoidable trend for future growth. Electro-fermentation (EF) is a technique employed to stimulate cell proliferation, expedite microbial metabolism, and enhance the production of value-added products by administering minute voltages or currents in the fermentation system. This method represents a novel research direction lying at the crossroads of electrochemistry and biology. This article documents the current progress of EF for a range of value-added products, including gaseous fuels, organic acids, and other organics. It also presents novel value-added products, such as 1,3-propanediol, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, succinic acid, acrylic acid, and lysine. The latest research trends suggest a focus on EF for cogeneration of value-added products, studying microbial community structure and electroactive bacteria, exploring electron transfer mechanisms in EF systems, developing effective methods for nutrient recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus, optimizing EF conditions, and utilizing biosensors and artificial neural networks in this area. In this paper, an analysis is conducted on the challenges that currently exist regarding the selection of conductive materials, optimization of electrode materials, and development of bioelectrochemical system (BES) coupling processes in EF systems. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of more efficient, advanced, and value-added EF technologies. Overall, this paper aims to provide references and ideas for the development of more efficient and advanced EF technology.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Succinic Acid , Fermentation , Organic Chemicals , TechnologyABSTRACT
This study was designed to screen 6 lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) in neonates using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and establish cutoff values for these LSDs with 3000 dried blood spots (DBS) samples. Cutoff values for α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), α-galactosidase (GLA), acid beta glucosidase (ABG), ß-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) were as follows: GLA, > 2.06 µmol/L·h; ABG, > 1.78 µmol/L·h; ASM, > 0.99 µmol/L·h; IDUA, > 1.33 µmol/L·h; GALC, > 0.84 µmol/L·h; and GAA, > 2.06 µmol/L·h. There were 30 positives in initial MS/MS screening test, and 15 samples were still positive with repeat testing. Their parents/guardians were recontacted and DBS samples were collected again for test. Only 1 child showed abnormal GAA enzyme activity after recontacting process, and was diagnosed with Pompe disease after genetic screening. Eventually, cutoff values of 6 specific enzyme activities were established and MS/MS is effective for early LSDs screening.
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The return-to-zero error of the resistance strain load cell is most obvious in the first zero-return process during loading and unloading. To improve the accuracy of the load cell, it is necessary to figure out the cause of the error. The influence of the temperature, material, and weld cup were analyzed in this paper. It was concluded that the hysteresis is the main factor affecting the return-to-zero error after the first load. The relationship between hysteresis and zero-return error after first load was obtained by a data fitting algorithm. A method to improve the return-to-zero error after the first load was proposed.
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Formation of continental crust has shaped the surface and interior of our planet and generated the land and mineral resources on which we rely. However, how the early continental crust of Earth formed is still debated1-7. Modern continental crust is largely formed from wet and oxidizing arc magmas at subduction zones, in which oceanic lithosphere and water recycle into the mantle8-10. The magmatic H2O content and redox state of ancient rocks that constitute the early continental crust, however, are difficult to quantify owing to ubiquitous metamorphism. Here we combine two zircon oxybarometers11,12 to simultaneously determine magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) and H2O content of Archaean (4.0-2.5 billion years ago) granitoids that dominate the early continental crust. We show that most Archaean granitoid magmas were ≥1 log unit more oxidizing than Archaean ambient mantle-derived magmas13,14 and had high magmatic H2O contents (6-10 wt%) and high H2O/Ce ratios (>1,000), similar to modern arc magmas. We find that magmatic fO2, H2O contents and H2O/Ce ratios of Archaean granitoids positively correlate with depth of magma formation, requiring transport of large amounts of H2O to the lower crust and mantle. These observations can be readily explained by subduction but are difficult to reconcile with non-subduction models of crustal formation3-7. We note an increase in magmatic fO2 and H2O content between 4.0 and 3.6 billion years ago, probably indicating the onset of subduction during this period.