ABSTRACT
This study explored the effect of focal cerebral contusion on the expression of ApoE and S-100, and its significance in determining the time of brain injury. Based on a rat model of cerebral contusion, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of S-100 and ApoE at different time points after injury. Thirty minutes following cerebral contusion, ApoE protein expression was significantly increased in cortex neurons (P < 0.01), and S-100 protein expression was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated 2 h after cerebral contusion. Over time, the number of ApoE and S-100 positively expressing cells gradually increased. Three days after injury, ApoE was widely distributed throughout the tissue and the number of ApoE-positive cells and staining intensity reached a peak. ApoE expression decreased after this time point. Five days after cerebral contusion, the number of S-100-positive cells reached a peak level of expression higher than that in the control group. Our data demonstrate that the expression of ApoE and S-100 correlated with the progression of focal cerebral contusion. This suggests that both proteins may serve as effective biomarkers of focal cerebral contusions.
Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Brain Injuries/genetics , Brain/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , S100 Proteins/genetics , Animals , Apolipoproteins E/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Brain Injuries/metabolism , Brain Injuries/pathology , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Regulation , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neurons/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , S100 Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect a point mutation in the ribosomal S12 protein (rpsL) gene in streptomycin-resistant strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was developed to detect a point mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene in X. oryzae pv. oryzicola and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The 304-bp PCR product from the rpsL gene was digested by MboII to form two fragments (201 and 103 bp) if there was a mutation at codon 43, or three fragments (146, 103, and 55 bp) if there was no mutation. Compared with the results from nucleotide sequencing, the PCR-RFLP method was accurate in detecting the point mutation at codon 43 of the rpsL gene in streptomycin-resistant strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. These results indicate that the PCR-RFLP is a simple, rapid and reliable method for detecting the point mutation at codon 43 of the rpsL gene.