Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation reduces myocardial and mitochondrial damage in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease with a high fatality rate once accompanied by cardiogenic shock. The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in treating myocardial infarction is controversial. METHODS: MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery in adult male rats. Groups were defined as follows: MI group, reperfusion for 90 min after 30 min of left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion; MI + ECMO group, reperfusion and ECMO were performed for 90 min immediately after 30 min of LAD occlusion; prolonged MI + ECMO group, ECMO was used immediately after 30 minutes of occlusion with persistent occlusion of the LAD for an additional 30 minutes, followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size and mitochondrial morphology and function data were collected and compared of each group. RESULTS: The ECMO groups had a smaller myocardial infarct size and larger percentage ejection fraction. Compared with the prolonged MI + ECMO group, the immediate reperfusion group had a lower percentage of infarct size (63.28% versus 17.97% versus 31.22%, MI versus MI + ECMO versus prolonged MI + ECMO). Mitochondria isolated from the ischemic zone showed an intact mitochondrial structure, including fewer voids and broken crists, and preserved activity of mitochondrial complex II and complex IV in ECMO groups. CONCLUSIONS: ECMO support in myocardial infarction can reduce myocardial injury despite delayed coronary reperfusion.

Comparison of the specific energies of sinusoidal VCS cutter rings and CCS cutter rings in breaking rock-like materials based on the FEM.

Disc cutters are essential for full-section hard-rock tunnel boring machines. The performance of these devices directly affects tunnel engineering costs and duration. This paper proposes a sinusoidal variable cross-section (VCS) cutter ring and design method and establishes a digital model. Rock-like materials are simulated with a finite element model, and the model validity is verified via rock simulation mechanics tests. A disc cutter rolling rock simulation model for a linear cutting machine is also established, and simulation tests are performed for single- and three-cutter rolling using sinusoidal VCSs and constant cross-section (CCS) cutter models, respectively. The stress and energy changes for the cutters and rock-like material damage area were compared via simulation, confirming that some sinusoidal VCS cutter rings do less work on rock-like materials and cause larger crushing areas under the same engineering parameters; therefore, these cutter rings have smaller specific energies. The sinusoidal VCS cutter ring performance is 7% greater than that of CCS on average under single-cutter simulation, and the intermediate cutter performance of the intermediate cutter is 9% greater than that of CCS on average under three-cutter simulation. Thus, sinusoidal VCS cutter rings offer improved rock damage performance, and further research and application of this technology will improve the working efficiency of tunnel boring machines.

Ultrahigh-reflective optical thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias.

Optical thin films with high-reflectivity (HR) are essential for applications in quantum precision measurements. In this work, we propose a coating technique based on reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias to fabricate HR-optical thin films. First, atomically flat SiO2 and Ta2O5 layers have been demonstrated due to the assistance of radio-frequency plasma during the coating process. Second, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror with an HR of ∼99.999 328% centered at 1397 nm has been realized. The DBR structure is air-H{LH}19-substrate, in which the L and H denote a single layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 237.8 nm and a single layer of Ta2O5 with a thickness of 171.6 nm, respectively. This novel coating method would facilitate the development of HR reflectors and promote their wide applications in precision measurements.

Anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases seen by gastroenterologists worldwide. A significant proportion of patients have a suboptimal response to acid inhibitors, especially proton pump inhibitors and potassium-competitive acid blockers. Due to concerns regarding the safety of long-term medication, many patients are unwilling to take lifelong medication. Endoscopic antireflux management offers a minimally invasive option for GERD patients. In recent decades, there have been several endoscopic antireflux therapies, including radiofrequency therapy, transoral fundoplication, and mucosal resection or mucosal ablation. Of these, antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is an effective and safe therapy for refractory GERD. This review provides an updated summary of antireflux mucosectomy.

Circular RNA MKLN1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-26a/b-5p/CDK8 axis in human alveolar epithelial cells and mice models.

Pulmonary fibrosis involves destruction of the lung parenchyma and extracellular matrix deposition. Effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis are lacking and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) plays an important role in progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, an in-depth exploration of its mechanism might identify new therapeutic targets. In this study, we revealed that a novel circular RNA, MKLN1 (circMKLN1), was significantly elevated in two pulmonary fibrosis models (intraperitoneally with PQ, 50 mg/kg for 7 days, and intratracheally with BLM, 5 mg/kg for 28 days). Additionally, circMKLN1 was positively correlated with the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of circMKLN1 expression significantly reduced collagen deposition and inhibited EMT in AECs. EMT was aggravated after circMKLN1 overexpression in AECs. MiR-26a-5p/miR-26b-5p (miR-26a/b), the targets of circMKLN1, were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. CircMKLN1 inhibition elevated miR-26a/b expression. Significantly decreased expression of CDK8 (one of the miR-26a/b targets) was observed after inhibition of circMKLN1. EMT was exacerbated again, and CDK8 expression was significantly increased after circMKLN1 inhibition and cotransfection of miR-26a/b inhibitors in AECs. Our research indicated that circMKLN1 promoted CDK8 expression through sponge adsorption of miR-26a/b, which regulates EMT and pulmonary fibrosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding new targets or biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis.

Rare Pediatric Cerebellar High-Grade Gliomas Mimic Medulloblastomas Histologically and Transcriptomically and Show p53 Mutations.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) of the cerebellum are rare, and only a few cases have been documented in detail in the literature. A major differential diagnosis for poorly differentiated tumors in the cerebellum in children is medulloblastoma. In this study, we described the histological and molecular features of a series of five pediatric high-grade gliomas of the cerebellum. They actually showed histological and immunohistochemical features that overlapped with those of medulloblastomas and achieved high scores in NanoString-based medulloblastoma diagnostic assay. Methylation profiling demonstrated these tumors were heterogeneous epigenetically, clustering to GBM_MID, DMG_K27, and GBM_RTKIII methylation classes. MYCN amplification was present in one case, and PDGFRA amplification in another two cases. Interestingly, target sequencing showed that all tumors carried TP53 mutations. Our results highlight that pediatric high-grade gliomas of the cerebellum can mimic medulloblastomas at histological and transcriptomic levels. Our report adds to the rare number of cases in the literature of cerebellar HGGs in children. We recommend the use of both methylation array and TP53 screening in the differential diagnoses of poorly differentiated embryonal-like tumors of the cerebellum.

Mediastinal Cryobiopsy for Pathological Diagnosis of Fibrosing Mediastinitis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Fibrosing mediastinitis is a benign but fatal disorder characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum, causing encasement of mediastinal organs and extrinsic compression of adjacent bronchovascular structures. FM-associated pulmonary hypertension (FM-PH) is a serious complication of FM, resulting from the external compression of lung vessels. Pathologic assessment is important for etiologic diagnosis and effective treatment of this disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old male patient presented at our hospital and was diagnosed with FM-PH. He declined surgical biopsy that is the reference standard for pathologic assessment, in consideration of the potential risks. Therefore, an endobronchial ultrasound examination was performed, which identified the subcarinal lesion. Under ultrasound guidance, four needle aspirations were carried out, followed by one cryobiopsy. Histopathological examination of transbronchial needle aspiration specimens was inconclusive, while samples from cryobiopsy suggested a diagnosis of idiopathic FM. Further immunophenotyping demonstrated the infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and FOXP3-positive cells in FM-PH. CONCLUSION: Mediastinal cryobiopsy might be a novel and safe option for FM-PH patients who are unwilling or unsuitable for surgical procedure.

Endovascular repair combined with in situ fenestration for new-onset or residual arch dissection in patients underwent aortic replacement.

INTRODUCTION: Ascending aorta or hemi-arch replacement is a frequently used treatment for patients with acute type A thoracic aortic dissection, particularly those who are elderly or have multiple comorbidities. However, in cases where there are secondary entry tears in the aortic arch or descending aorta, this procedure may not fully resolve the issue. The true lumen may remain compressed due to perfusion of the false lumen and usually require reoperation. METHODS: Between January 2019 and July 2022, 18 patients underwent endovascular total aortic arch repair and fenestration technique without requiring median re-sternotomy. Aortic stent grafts were implanted via the femoral approach, utilizing prosthetic vessels as an appropriate proximal landing zone for aortic stent graft deployment. Based on the debranching conditions of the arch in previous surgery, single, double or triple in situ fenestrations (ISFs) were performed, respectively. RESULTS: All 18 cases were technically successful, with a median follow-up period of 20 months (range: 18-31 months). All patients had a favourable postoperative course, with no deaths within 30 days or during their hospital stay. There were no instances of disabling stroke, paraplegia, endo-leak, stent graft migration or stent graft-induced new entry. In addition, all patients exhibited complete thrombosis of the false lumen at the level of the aortic arch. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary experience suggests that endovascular total arch repair combined with ISF technique is a viable, effective and safe option for treatment. Our mid-term results have been promising, but we acknowledge the need for further evaluation to assess long-term outcomes and durability.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dezocine combined with lidocaine in local anesthesia for percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration.

A total of 130 patients who underwent percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration from March 2021 to February 2023 were randomly divided into a Dezocine group and a control group. The Dezocine group received a muscle injection of 0.05mg/kg Dezocine 30 minutes before surgery, while the control group received a muscle injection of 0.01ml/kg normal saline. Both groups received 3ml of 2% lidocaine for spermatic cord block anesthesia. The anesthesia onset time, anesthesia duration, numeric rating scale (NRS) score, anesthesia satisfaction rate and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared between the two groups. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of anesthesia onset time, anesthesia duration, anesthesia satisfaction rate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use within 24 hours after surgery and NRS scores at 15 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after surgery. The incidence of adverse reactions in the Dezocine group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The combination of Dezocine and lidocaine for spermatic cord block anesthesia during percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration is safe, effective and associated with fewer adverse reactions. It is suitable for clinical application and promotion in reproductive medicine outpatient surgery.

Suppressive stroma-immune prognostic signature impedes immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and can be reversed by PDGFRB inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: As the most lethal gynecologic cancer, ovarian cancer (OV) holds the potential of being immunotherapy-responsive. However, only modest therapeutic effects have been achieved by immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade. This study aims to propose a generalized stroma-immune prognostic signature (SIPS) to identify OV patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. METHODS: The 2097 OV patients included in the study were significant with high-grade serous ovarian cancer in the III/IV stage. The 470 immune-related signatures were collected and analyzed by the Cox regression and Lasso algorithm to generalize a credible SIPS. Correlations between the SIPS signature and tumor microenvironment were further analyzed. The critical immunosuppressive role of stroma indicated by the SIPS was further validated by targeting the major suppressive stroma component (CAFs, Cancer-associated fibroblasts) in vitro and in vivo. With four machine-learning methods predicting tumor immune subtypes, the stroma-immune signature was upgraded to a 23-gene signature. RESULTS: The SIPS effectively discriminated the high-risk individuals in the training and validating cohorts, where the high SIPS succeeded in predicting worse survival in several immunotherapy cohorts. The SIPS signature was positively correlated with stroma components, especially CAFs and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, indicating the critical suppressive stroma-immune network. The combination of CAFs' marker PDGFRB inhibitors and frontline PARP inhibitors substantially inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of OV-bearing mice. The stroma-immune signature was upgraded to a 23-gene signature to improve clinical utility. Several drug types that suppress stroma-immune signatures, such as EGFR inhibitors, could be candidates for potential immunotherapeutic combinations in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The stroma-immune signature could efficiently predict the immunotherapeutic sensitivity of OV patients. Immunotherapy and auxiliary drugs targeting stroma could enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer.

Evaluation of trabecular meshwork-specific promoters in vitro and in vivo using scAAV2 vectors expressing C3 transferase.

AIM: To evaluate the potential of two trabecular meshwork (TM)-specific promoters, Chitinase 3-like 1 (Ch3L1) and matrix gla protein (MGP), for improving specificity and safety in glaucoma gene therapy based on self-complementary AAV2 (scAAV2) vector technologies. METHODS: An scAAV2 vector with C3 transferase (C3) as the reporter gene (scAAV2-C3) was selected. The scAAV2-C3 vectors were driven by Ch3L1 (scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3), MGP (scAAV2-MGP-C3), enhanced MGP (scAAV2-eMGP-C3) and cytomegalovirus (scAAV2-CMV-C3), respectively. The cultured primary human TM cells were treated with each vector at different multiplicities of infections. Changes in cell morphology were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Actin stress fibers and Rho GTPases/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway-related molecules were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Each vector was injected intracamerally into the one eye of each rat at low and high doses respectively. In vivo green fluorescence was visualized by a Micron III Retinal Imaging Microscope. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored using a rebound tonometer. Ocular responses were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy. Ocular histopathology analysis was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: In TM cell culture studies, the vector-mediated C3 expression induced morphologic changes, disruption of actin cytoskeleton and reduction of fibronectin expression in TM cells by inhibiting the Rho GTPases/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway. At the same dose, these changes were significant in TM cells treated with scAAV2-CMV-C3 or scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3, but not in cells treated with scAAV2-eMGP-C3 or scAAV2-MGP-C3. At low-injected dose, the IOP was significantly decreased in the scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3-injected eyes but not in scAAV2-MGP-C3-injected and scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes. At high-injected dose, significant IOP reduction was observed in the scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes but not in scAAV2-MGP-C3-injected eyes. Similar to scAAV2-CMV-C3, scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3 vector showed efficient transduction both in the TM and corneal endothelium. In anterior segment tissues of scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes, no obvious morphological changes were found except for the TM. Inflammation was absent. CONCLUSION: In scAAV2-transduced TM cells, the promoter-driven efficiency of Ch3L1 is close to that of cytomegalovirus, but obviously higher than that of MGP. In the anterior chamber of rat eye, the transgene expression pattern of scAAV2 vector is presumably affected by MGP promoter, but not by Ch3L1 promoter. These findings would provide a useful reference for improvement of specificity and safety in glaucoma gene therapy using scAAV2 vector.

Utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and their influential factors of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study from 1997 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging and effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about its utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and influential factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using a national census involving 74 Chinese centers. National DBS populations and centers for PD were investigated in 1997-2021, and regional sociodemographic features, surgical populations, related resources, and insurance policies in 2020 were explored. RESULTS: Since the first DBS surgery in 1997, a total of 38 122 PD patients from 349 centers underwent DBS by 2021, which covered 1.118% (1.108-1.129) of patients and 0.954% (0.933-0.976) of centers. Significant upward trends in the annual surgical population and coverages were observed with rapid climbing rates, while the annual surgical centers and their coverage showed two growth peaks in 2002-2006 and 2010-2018, correlating with clinical approvals and new technologies. A total of 103 070 (51 165-154 975) PD patients [2.088% (1.351-2.825) coverage] and 603 (72-1134) centers [1.356% (1.126-1.586) coverage] are predicted to conduct DBS by 2030. The new remotely programmed DBS technology was recoded as the first application in 2015 and rapidly increased to 2771 (47.39%, 46.11-48.67) patients with 10 507 remote programming sessions annually in 2021. Provinces in the eastern and central regions had better economic status, more surgical patients, higher insurance affordability, and more related resources than those in the western and northeastern regions. Higher gross domestic product per capita ( ß =5.041, 3.324-6.758 and ß =0.008, 0.004-0.012; all P <0.001) and more functional neurosurgery doctors ( ß =3.596, 0.353-6.839; P =0.031 and ß =0.010, 0.002-0.017; P =0.013) positively influenced surgical populations and coverages, while higher insurance levels ( ß =128.888, 64.702-193.075; P <0.001) positively influenced surgical coverages. CONCLUSION: Although surgical populations, centers, and coverages of DBS for PD have rapidly improved and are predicted to show future increases, this is still insufficient to cover potential eligible patients. Regionally imbalanced health coverage should be given attention to promote coordinated development.

Intracranial nasofrontal dermoid cyst and a hair in the nose tip without a sinus tract identified with single-staged combined approach excision done.

This is the first reported case of intracranial nasofrontal dermoid without sinus tract, with complete excision done in single-staged combined approach frontal craniotomy and open rhinoplasty, and satisfactory nasal reconstruction.

Comparing the effectiveness and safety of Sorafenib plus TACE with Apatinib plus TACE for treating patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre propensity score matching study.

OBJECTIVE: Local combined systemic therapy has been an important method for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus Sorafenib versus TACE plus Apatinib for treating patients with unresectable HCC. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with TACE plus Sorafenib or TACE plus Apatinib at 5 Chinese medical centers between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce the bias from confounding factors. RESULTS: A total of 380 patients were enrolled, of whom 129 cases were treated with TACE plus Sorafenib and 251 cases with TACE plus Apatinib. After the 1:1 PSM, 116 pairs of patients were involved in this study. The results showed that the PFS and OS in the TACE-Sorafenib group were significantly longer than those in the TACE-Apatinib group (PFS: 16.79 ± 6.45 vs. 14.76 ± 6.98 months, P = 0.049; OS: 20.66 ± 6.98 vs. 17.69 ± 6.72 months, P = 0.013). However, the ORR in the TACE-Apatinib group was markedly higher than that in the TACE-Sorafenib group (70.69% vs. 56.03%, P = 0.021). There were more patients with adverse events (AEs) in the TACE-Apatinib group than those in the TACE-Sorafenib group before dose adjustment (87 vs. 63, P = 0.001); however, the number of patients who suffered from AEs was not significantly different between the two groups after the dose adjustment (62 vs. 55, P = 0.148). No treatment-related death was found in the two groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with unresectable HCC could better benefit from regular doses than reduced doses (Sorafenib, 22.59 vs. 18.02, P < 0.001; Apatinib, 19.75 vs. 16.86, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: TACE plus either Sorafenib or Apatinib could effectively treat patients with unresectable HCC, the safety of TACE plus Sorafenib was better. and the ORR of TACE plus Apatinib was higher.

The Tian-Men-Dong decoction suppresses the tumour-infiltrating G-MDSCs via IL-1ß-mediated signalling in lung cancer.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Tian-Men-Dong decoction (TD) has been able to effectively treat lung cancer in China for thousands of years. TD improves the quality of life in lung cancer patients by promoting nourishment of yin and reducing dryness, clearing the lung and removing toxins. Pharmacological studies show that TD contains active antitumour ingredients, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims at exploring potential mechanisms of TD in the treatment of lung cancer by regulating granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An orthotopic lung cancer mouse model was generated by intrapulmonary injection with LLC-luciferase cells in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice or immunodeficient nude mice. TD/saline was orally administered once to the model mice daily for 4 weeks. Live imaging was conducted to monitor tumour growth. Immune profiles were detected by flow cytometry. H&E and ELISA were applied to test the cytotoxicity of the TD treatment. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to detect apoptosis-related proteins in G-MDSCs. A neutralizing antibody (anti-Ly6G) was utilized to exhaust the G-MDSCs via intraperitoneal injection. G-MDSCs were adoptively transferred from wild-type tumour-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence, TUNEL and Annexin V/PI staining were conducted to analyse apoptosis-related markers. A coculture assay of purified MDSCs and T cells labelled with CFSE was performed to test the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. The presence of TD/IL-1ß/TD + IL-1ß in purified G-MDSCs cocultured with the LLC system was used for ex vivo experiments to detect IL-1ß-mediated apoptosis of G-MDSCs. RESULTS: TD prolonged the survival of immune competent C57BL/6 mice in an orthotopic lung cancer model, but did not have the same effect in immunodeficient nude mice, indicating that its antitumour properties of TD are exerted by regulating immunity. TD induced G-MDSC apoptosis via the IL-1ß-mediated NF-κB signalling cascade leading to effectively weaken the immunosuppressive activity of G-MDSCs and promote CD8+ T-cell infiltration, which was supported by both the depletion and adoptive transfer of G-MDSCs assays. In addition, TD also showed minimal cytotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION: This study reveals for the first time that TD, a classic TCM prescription, is able to regulate G-MDSC activity and trigger its apoptosis via the IL-1ß-mediated NF-κB signalling pathway, reshaping the tumour microenvironment and demonstrating antitumour effects. These findings provide a scientific foundation the clinical treatment of lung cancer with TD.

The influence of turbulence on sediment phosphorus sorption.

The effect of mean flow velocity on phosphorus (P) partitioning between water and sediment has received much attention in recent decades. However, the impact of turbulence on the efficiency and capability of sediment adsorbing and desorbing dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is still unclear. A series of contrasting experiments on the sediment sorption and desorption of DIP with the flow turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) ranging from 1.95 to 2.93 pa have been conducted. It was found that the adsorbed P onto unit mass of sediment increases with the increase in TKE. It is because an increase in TKE results in a rise in the effective adsorption capacity of sediment (bm) by 20-30% during the adsorption process. The bm shows the maximum rise from 0.18 to 0.25 mg/g when TKE increases from 1.95 to 2.93 pa with a fixed sediment concentration of 0.5 g/L. To account for the direct effect of TKE on P adsorption, the Langmuir model is modified by introducing a newly defined coefficient (fA-TKE). The fA-TKE shows a good linear relationship with TKE. Comparison between the modified model and the classic model shows that the amount of adsorbed P could be overestimated by over 50% if the direct effect of turbulence intensity is ignored. The experimental data show that the increase in TKE also enhances the desorption process, with the degree of P desorption (Ddes) increased by 44%. The relation between Ddes and TKE can be well represented using a logarithmic function to quantify the direct effect of turbulence intensity on desorption of P.

[Effect of Cyr61 on Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Cyr61 on imatinib (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its mechanism. METHODS: Cyr61 level in cell culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Cyr61 and Bcl-xL were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using an Annexin V-APC Kit. Expression of signal pathways related proteins was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The level of Cyr61 obviously increased in K562G cells (IM resistance to CML cell line K562). Down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 decreased the resistance of K562G cells to IM and promoted IM induced apoptosis. In CML mouse model, down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 could increase the sensitivity of K562G cells to IM. The mechanism studies showed that Cyr61 mediated IM resistance in CML cells was related to the regulation of ERK1/2 pathways and apoptosis related molecule Bcl-xL by Cyr61. CONCLUSION: Cyr61 plays an important role in promoting IM resistance of CML cells. Targeting Cyr61 or its related effectors pathways may be one of the ways to overcome IM resistance of CML cells.

Evapotranspiration responses to CO2 and its driving mechanisms in four ecosystems based on CMIP6 simulations: Forest, shrub, farm and grass.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential process of the water cycle through which water is transferred from terrestrial ecosystems to atmosphere. However, in the climate context of increasing CO2 concentration (also called as a CO2-enriched climate), the variation of ET and its main drivers among different ecosystems remain unclear. This study analyzed the output data of the CMCC ESM2 model with a ridge regression method, and proposed the trends and drivers of ET in different ecosystems in a CO2-enriched climate. In particular, the temporal - spatial characteristics of ET and its primary drivers for different periods and wetness levels were revealed. With the rising of CO2 concentration, the atmospheric evapotranspiration demand increases, and the vegetation grows more luxuriantly. ET shows an overall upward trend, especially in the shrub ecosystems (7.41 mm decade-1). Our results show that the thermal conditions are the main driving factors for humid forest and shrub ecosystems whereas relative humidity (RH) is the main driving factor for arid farm and grass ecosystems. In terms of the average contribution in all periods, surface solar radiation contributes 26% and 41% to ET variation in forest and shrub ecosystems, and RH contributes 49% and 32% to ET variation in farm and grass ecosystems, respectively. Notably, with the increase of wetness levels, the contribution of water conditions on ET becomes smaller, while that of thermal conditions becomes larger. Correlation analysis shows that LAI impacts on ET are regulated by environmental factors, which reflects the complexity of ET change mechanism. Overall, these findings further provide a reference for rational planning of ecosystems and efficient utilization of water resources.