[Investigation and Research on Peripheral Hemoglobin and Serum Ferritin Levels of Regular Voluntary Donors with Large Number Donation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and study the serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels of regular voluntary donors with large number donation. METHODS: 165 regular voluntary donors with large number donation in our region from January 2013 to January 2018 were enrolled as observation group, and their peripheral RBC, HCT and Hb levels were detected by automatic blood analyzer, SI and SF levels were detected by automatic chemistry analyzer. 155 healthy persons with nodonation were enrolled as control group, and their peripheral RBC, HCT, Hb, SI and SF levels were estimated and were compared with observe group. RESULTS: The average age and average donation volume of voluntary donors inobservation group were (34.7±6.1) years old and (3324±167)ml respectively. The laboratorial data showed that the RBC, HCT Hb and SI levels of male showed no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05), however, the SF level of male in observation group was significant lower than that in control group(P＜0.05). The RBC, HCT Hb and SI levels of female showed no significantly difference between the two groups(P＞0.05), but the SF level of female in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the age not correlatied with SF level in observation group(P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the donation volume in observation group negatively correlated with peripheral SF level (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The SF level of regular voluntary donors with large number donation is lower than that of control group with nodonation. Health status tracking plan and nutrition management guidance should be given to regular voluntary donors with large number donation.

[Periphyton and its application in water purification].

Periphyton widely exists in natural water bodies, with the characteristics of huge biomass generation, strong ecological function, and sensitive response to water quality. It removes the pollutants in water bodies mainly through the processes of absorption, metabolism, adsorption, and complexation, etc. Owing to its high tolerance against pollution and high removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the feasibility of recycling its cells at low cost, periphyton is a promising candidate for developing the treatment techniques of water purification. The newly-developed artificial periphyton systems, e.g., algal turf scrubbers, periphyton biofilm systems, periphyton aquaculture systems, have been successfully applied in treating livestock manure, aquaculture wastewater, and municipal sewage. However, further researches are needed to understand the growth patterns of periphyton, its physiological responses to pollutants concentration, and its molecular biological mechanisms in removing pollutants.

In situ nitrogen removal in phase-separate bioreactor landfill.

The feasibility of in situ nitrogen removal in phase-separate bioreactor landfill was investigated. In the experiment, two sets of bioreactor landfill systems, namely conventional two-phase and in situ nitrogen removal bioreactor landfills, were operated. The in situ nitrogen removal bioreactor landfill (NBL) was comprised of a fresh-refuse filled reactor (NBLF), a methanogenic reactor (NBLM) and a nitrifying reactor (NBLN), while the two-phase bioreactor landfill (BL) used as control was comprised of a fresh-refuse filled reactor (BLF) and a methanogenic reactor (BLM). Furthermore, the methanogenic and nitrifying reactors used aged refuse as bulk agents. The results showed that in situ nitrogen removal was viable by phase-separation in the bioreactor landfill. In total 75.8 and 47.5 g of nitrogen were, respectively, removed from the NBL and the BL throughout the experiment. The methanogenic reactor used the aged refuse as medium was highly effective in removing organic matter from the fresh leachate. Furthermore, the aged refuse was also suitable to use as in situ nitrification medium. The degradation of fresh refuse was accelerated by denitrification in the initial stage (namely the initial hydrolyzing stage) despite being delayed by denitrification in a long-term operation.

[Method of loss of life expectancy to quantitate and compare the health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants].

Loss of life expectancy (LLE) was used to evaluate and quantitate the health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants, and was proposed as a new method to compare the environmental health risk of different pollutants. The environmental health risks exposed by 6 major environmental pollutants in China, i.e., arsenic, DDTs, BaP, lead, cadmium and mercury, were evaluated and compared by using LLE. The LLE caused by carcinogen pollutants such as arsenic, DDTs and BaP are 3.6 d, 2.2 d and 12.1 d respectively, while the corresponding values caused by non-carcinogen pollutants such as lead,mercury and cadmium are 1.1 d, 1.7 d and 5.8 d respectively. Based on the studies published before, the rank of the health risk of the selected six environmental pollutants is BaP > cadmium > arsenic > DDTs > mercury > lead. The results reveal that the LLE can be utilized as a new index to evaluate and quantitate the health risk, and the environmental health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants can be compared within an unitive criterion by LLE.

[Performance of leachate nitrogen removal in bioreactor landfill system].

Utilizing the unique vertical aerobic-anoxic-anerobic ecological enviornment of landfills and adopting intermittent aeration at the top of landfilled refuse, this paper studied the performance of leachate nitrogen removal in the bioreactor landfill system. The results showed that intermittent aeration at the top of landfilled refuse could stimulate the growth of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The population of denitrifying bacteria was 4 to approximately 13 orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional landfilled waste layers, and the maximal value of nitrifying bacteria population reached 10(9) cells g(-1). The bioreactor landfill system with intermittent aeration at the top of landfilled refuse increased the potential of nitrogen removal from re-circulated leachate in the landfill bioreactor. By the end of the experiment, the concentrations of leachate NH4(+) -N and total nitrogen (TN) decreased to 186 mg x L(-1) and 289 mg x L(-1), being only 18% and 26% of control, respectively. Intermittent aeration at the top of landfilled refuse also accelerated refuse decomposition, and increased the degree of waste stabilization.

Effects of metsulfuron-methyl on the microbial population and enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere soil.

The effects of metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide, on the wheat soil microorganisms were evaluated by the methods of microbial inoculation culture, and the activities of three enzymes were measured using the colorimetric method. The tolerant microorganisms that can resist 500 microg x g(-1) metsulfuron-methyl in the counting culture medium were studied specially. Metsulfuron-methyl distinctly inhibited the common aerobic heterotriphic bacteria, but the effects on common fungi and common actinomycete were not evident. In the meantime, the number of tolerant fungi increased greatly in the rhizosphere after the application of metsulfuron-methyl in contrast to the significant decrease of the amount of tolerant actinomycete. It indicates that fungi might turn into the dominant microbial type and actinomycete is the sensitive factor in the soil polluted by sulfonylurea residues. The population of aromatic compounds-decomposing bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, and nitrite bacteria all increased in the earlier period, but the aerobic azotobacter decreased rapidly in number 30 days later, and the amount of nitrite bacteria also showed a temporary decrease with time 15 days later. However, the denitrifying bacteria just began to increase significantly after the crops had grown for 50 days. The amount of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gradually decreased with the growth of crops, and so were the sulfate-reducing bacteria after metsulfuron-methyl application. To all types of microorganisms, there were more microbes in rhizosphere samples than those in nonrhizosphere except aerobic azotobacter. It means the growth of wheat root system can stimulate the growth of most microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in soil samples after metsulfuron-methyl application were notably lower than those in the control, and the difference of the activities between the samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was evident. On the contrary, the activity of dehydrogenase was not inhibited by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the rhizosphere effect was not obvious either.

Flow cytometric analysis of fine particles in a eutrophic lake.

Fine particles play an important role, not only in aquatic biogeochemical processing but also in the distribution, transfer and transformation of pollutants in the aquatic environment. Flow cytometry, widely used in biomedical research, allows fast counting and optical analysis of individual particles. Organic autotrophic particles contain naturally fluorescing pigments, such as chlorophyll and phycoerythrin. Different populations have different sizes and pigments. They also have different ratios of pigments. In general, side angle scatter (SSC) is related to the size, shape and refractive index of particles. When a 488 nm wavelength was used to excite chlorophyll and phycoerythrin fluorescence, the pigments of organic autotrophic particles emitted red and orange light. Fine particles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in the southern part of a eutrophic lake in winter. We found that organic autotrophic particles belonged to three populations, which represented only 15.89% of total fine particles. Organic non-living particles and inorganic particles represented the greater part (84.11%) of total fine particles. This study also demonstrated that flow cytometry is well suited to the dynamic monitoring and analysis of natural water aquatic particles that were difficult to study with traditional methods.

[Detection of organic autotrophic particles by FCM (flow cytometry) in an oligotrophic lake].

Organic autotrophic particles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in an oligotrophic lake. Utilizing scattering signals and fluorescence of their natural pigments, different populations could be rapidly discriminated and enumerated. We found that they belonged to three populations. R1 were the smallest population, while R3 were the largest one. R1 contained phycoerythrin but lacked chlorophyll. On the contrary, R3 contained a large amount of chlorophyll but lacked phycoerythrin. R2 contained not only chlorophyll but also a great deal of phycoerythrin. Organic autotrophic particles account for the most proportion of the total particles that were smaller than 50 microm. They represented 70.24% of the total particles. In this study, we found that flow cytometry is particularly suited to the analysis of organic autotrophic particles that are difficult to study with traditional methods.

Of pH and Eh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake.

The effects of pH and Eh on release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments of West Lake under different conditions were investigated by simulation test. Results showed that the net flux of NH4(+) -N release from sediments increased with pH, but NO3(-) -N showed negative-going release at all tested pH levels. The net flux of NH4(+) -N release from sediments was higher under anaerobic or aerobic condition of the overlying water, but only under aerobic condition would net release of NO3(-) -N occur. It was also shown that phosphorus released was mainly in its inorganic form, higher pH and anaerobic conditions of overlying water greatly stimulated release of phosphorus. In situ measurement at several West Lake locations indicated that sediment resuspension induced by boat propeller stimulated nutrients release from sediment into overlying water.