Probiotics suppress LL37 generated rosacea-like skin inflammation by modulating the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition, is characterized by facial erythema and pustules. Recent investigations have delved into the interplay between the gut microbiota and rosacea pathogenesis, unveiling promising avenues for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we screened and isolated strains Ligilactobacillus salivarius 23-006 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 23-008 from the feces of healthy volunteers and evaluated the intervention effects of probiotics on rosacea by constructing an LL37 induced rosacea-like mouse model. Our results showed that both L. salivarius 23-006 and L. paracasei 23-008 were probiotic strains with favourable properties. In specific, we observed that both L. salivarius 23-006 and L. paracasei 23-008 alleviated skin lesions, reduced skin inflammatory infiltrates, and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in mice, with the combination of L. salivarius 23-006 and L. paracasei 23-008 having the most significant effect. Moreover, the combination of strains reduced the expression of cathelicidin LL37 and rosacea-associated factors by inhibiting the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that the combination enhanced the intestinal barrier, restored intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and up-regulated the abundance of Lactobacillus while down-regulating the abundance of Coprococcus and Oscillospira. We also explored the effects of postbiotics of L. salivarius 23-006 and L. paracasei 23-008 on rosacea. While postbiotics could also ameliorate the rosacea-like phenotype in mice via the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, the effects were not as pronounced as those observed with probiotic treatment. However, the postbiotics still enhanced the intestinal barrier, up-regulated the Lactobacillus abundance, and modulated the intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, our study revealed that L. salivarius 23-006 and L. paracasei 23-008 improved rosacea by regulating the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and intestinal microbiota, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of rosacea.

[Study on dynamics of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide emission fluxes from Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary].

The H2S and COS emission fluxes from Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary were measured using the static chamber and Chromatogram method during the growth season (May to October), the results showed that the seasonal and diurnal variations of H2S and COS emission fluxes were obvious, and Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary was the sources for both H2S and COS during the growth time, and the mean H2S and COS emission fluxes from Suaeda salsa marsh were 4.97 microg x (m2 x h)(-1) and 0.92 microg x (m2 x h)(-1), respectively. Different environmental factors had different effects on the emission fluxes of H2S and COS from Suaeda salsa marsh, in which the SO4(2-) content and water content in the soil were the main factors that affected the H2S and COS emission fluxes, respectively. Sulfur gases emissions from Suaeda salsa marsh may be affected by many factors, such as plant, tide status and so on, so that should be further studied.