[Fibronectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in pathogenesis of open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma].

The aim of the present investigation was to study the role of fibronectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in pathogenesis of primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Immune enzyme analysis was performed on aqueous humour of 480 patients with complicated cataracts on the background of primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. The aqueous humour of patients with senile cataracts was used as control. The content of fibronectin and IGF-1 in aqueous humour was determined using appropriate kits (DRG-International Inc., USA) in the absorbance wavelength range 420-450 nm. The obtained results were analyzed using Student's criteria and application of SPSS-13/80. Relatively high levels of fibronectin and IGF-1 were recorded in aqueous humour of patients with complicated cataracts (cataracts on the background of open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma), as compared to indices of both cytokines in the aqueous humour of control group patients. In mechanisms of eye drainage function impairment and intraocular pressure increase an important role belongs to in situ (i.e. in the eye membranes) produced fibronectin and IGF-1.

[Mast-cell mechanism of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and peroxidation of membrane lipids]. / Tuchnokletochnyi mekhanizm patogeneza bronkhial'noi astmy i perekisnoe okislenie membrannykh lipidov.

Examination of 155 patients with atopic, infection-dependent bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic asthmatic bronchitis in the phase of the disease exacerbation and remission has shown that hyperhistaminemia is common not only to atopic but also to infection-dependent BA. It is established that activation of lipid peroxidation of the membranes more pronounced during exacerbation and attacks of asthma is one of the most important alternative mechanisms of mast cell activation, that is supported by the data of experimental morphologic and biochemical studies of the effect exerted by peroxidized fatty acids on histamine liberation and mast cell degranulation.

[Mycoplasma arthritis in man and mechanisms of its pathogenesis]. / Mikoplazmennye artrity cheloveka i nekotorye mekhanizmy ikh patogeneza.

Possible etiologic contribution of mycoplasma to human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is supported by their recovery from synovial fluid of RA patients, as well as Mycoplasma antigens and antibodies detection in the bloodstream. The detectability of free antigens of M. arthritidis (Ma) and M. fermentans (Mf) in the sera of patients was 22.4%, and that of antibodies against those, 52.7%. Considerable difference between the detectability of Mycoplasma antigens and antibodies can be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the antigens form part of immune complexes and cannot be detected by serologic tests. Mitogenic effect of arthritogenic Mycoplasma and their ability to produce a cytotoxic effect on various cells, including lymphocytes, appears to be a mechanism of immune process developing in association with human RA. A study of immunobiological properties of individual Ma and Mf cell components has shown that a protein factor translocated into the culture medium is responsible for mitogenic action. Ma cytotoxicity in respect of target cells is related to its cytoplasmatic membrane. Mf produces a factor, acting directly on rat lymphocytes; its synthesis is apparently taking place on the cell membrane.

[Cytotoxic action of the individual membrane components of Mycoplasma arthritidis and M. fermentans on rat lymphocytes]. / Tsitotoksicheskoe deistvie otdel'nykh komponentov membran Mycoplasma arthritidis i M. fermentans na limfotsity krys.

Study of the toxic properties of the preparations obtained from M. arthritidis has revealed that the cytotoxic activity of M. arthritidis is mainly linked with the cytoplasmic membrane and, partially, with the cytoplasmic fraction. The membrane substances of M. fermentans and the products of its vital activity are toxic with respect to target cells, the component translocated into the culture medium consisting of globular proteins. Interaction of the cytoplasmic membranes of these Mycoplasma species, as well as of the fractions of M. fermentans globular proteins, with rat lymphocytes is accompanied by a cytodestructive effect and an increased permeability for toxic dyes.

[Effect of an external electrostatic field on catecholamine secretion by rat adrenals]. / Vliianie vneshnego élektrostaticheskogo polia na sekretsiiu katekholaminov nadpochechnikami krys.

Experimental rats were exposed to an electrostatic field of 200 kW/m for 1, 24 or 6 hours a day for 6 days. The effect of this exposure on the structure and function of adrenal chromaffin bodies and the concentration of catecholamines and their precursors in blood and adrenals was investigated. Using histochemical, fluorescent-microscopic and spectrofluorimetric methods, it was found that the exposure may modify the structure and function of adrenal chromaffins and the concentration of catecholamines in blood and adrenals. These changes depended on the exposure time. An hour exposure activated the secretory apparatus of adrenal chromaffins and enhanced catecholamine secretion to blood. A 24-hour exposure led to an increase in the concentration of catecholamines in adrenals and blood and a change in the organ cytoangioarchitectonics. A 6-day fractionated exposure resulted in a decrease of catecholamines both in blood and adrenals.

[Experimental polyarthritis in rabbits induced by Mycoplasma fermentans]. / Eksperimental'nyi poliartrit krolikov, vyzvannyi Mycoplasma fermentans.

The time course of the distribution of M. fermentans antigen in the body of rabbits infected by a single intraperitoneal injection, as well as morphological and immunological changes occurring in the joints of the infected animals during 12 weeks of observation have been studied. M. fermentans, or its antigen, has been shown to persist mainly in immunocompetent organs and articular tissues, its localization in articular cartilage corresponding to the areas of dystrophic changes. The character of the pathological process in the joints is similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans, which is confirmed by the results of immuno-morphological studies. The local synthesis of IgG and rheumatoid factor, the deposition of immune complexes and the presence of phagocytes in synovia have been detected.

[Comparative characteristics of joint changes in rats infected with Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma arthritidis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika sustavnykh izmenenii u krys, infitsirovannykh Mycoplasma fermentans i Mycoplasma arthritidis.

Experiments on Wistar rats have shown that a single injection of M. fermentans or M. arthritidis causes various forms of polyarthritis differing in their course and morphological characteristics. M. arthritidis causes acute purulent arthritis. M. fermentans causes polyarthritis characterized mainly by a subacute course and early involvement of the articular cartilage. Plasma cells producing a factor similar to the rheumatoid factor of humans have been detected in the synovial membrane.

[Prolonged persistence of M. arthritidis and M. fermentans in the bodies of experimentally infected rats]. / Dlitel'naia persistentsiia M. arthritidis i M. fermentans v organizme éksperimental'no infitsirovannykh krys.

The dynamics of the distribution of M. arthritidis and M. fermentans antigens in the organism of Wistar rats infected with these mycoplasmas introduced in a single injection has been studied. The indirect immunofluorescent test has shown that both Mycoplasma species are localized mainly in the lymphoid tissue, the bone marrow and the articular cartilage and that M. fermentans persists longer in these tissues (up to 1 year). The aggregate hemagglutination test has revealed that the antigens of both Mycoplasma species can be detected in the blood of the infected rats for 6 months.