Cardiovascular risk profile and clinical characteristics of diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to determine the CV risk in Chinese patients with T2D based on the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and CV diseases. METHODS: A total of 25,411 patients with T2D, who participated in the study of China Cardiometabolic Registries 3B study, were included in our analysis. We assessed the proportions of patients in each CV risk category according to 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. RESULTS: Based on the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines, 16,663 (65.6%), 1895 (7.5%), and 152 (0.6%) of patients were included in "very high risk," "high risk," and "moderate risk" categories, respectively. The proportions of patients in each category varied based on age, sex, body mass index, and duration. While 58.7% (9786/16,663) of elderly patients were classified to "very high risk" group, 89.6% (3732/4165) of patients with obesity were divided into "very high risk" group. Almost all patients with a duration of diabetes >10 years had "very high risk" or "high risk." However, 6701 (26.4%) of Chinese T2D patients, who had shorter duration, and one or two risk factors, could not be included in any category (the "unclear risk" category). CONCLUSIONS: In China, most patients with T2D have "very high" or "high" CV risk based on 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. However, the risk of patients in "unclear risk" group needs to be further classified.

Sex differences in the prevalence of obesity in 800,000 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.

AIMS: To estimate the sex differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity aged 20-89 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: 811,264 patients with T2D from six hospital-based, cross-sectional studies, and 46,053 subjects from the general population were included in our analysis. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity were calculated in each sex. RESULTS: In patients with T2D, the standardized prevalence of underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2), and general obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) were 2.2%, 43.2%, and 11.6%, respectively. Similar trend patterns of the prevalence of underweight and overweight were observed in general and T2D population, in males and females with T2D (all P for trend <0.01). In patients with T2D, patients at a younger age and older age were more likely to be underweight. The prevalence of overweight increased first, then stabilized or decreased with age. However, different trend patterns of the prevalence of obesity in males and females were found. In males, the prevalence of obesity decreased first, and then stabilized after 60 years of age. In females, the prevalence of obesity decreased first, then increased after 50 years of age. In the general population, the prevalence of obesity increased with age in females, while, the trend of prevalence of obesity with age in males was not obvious. CONCLUSION: Different trends in the prevalence of obesity with age in different sex were found in Chinese patients with T2D.