[Analysis on the management of type 2 inflammatory asthma from the guideline of Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention].

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.

Effect of side-stream phosphorus recovery on biological phosphorus removal performance investigated by chemical and microbial analyses in a novel BNR-IC process.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of side-stream ratio (SSR) on performance of phosphorus (P) removal and recovery in a novel process linking biological nutrients removal (BNR) and induced crystallization (IC). Results showed that P removal efficiency was significantly enhanced when given an appropriate SSR, resulting in effluent P concentrations decreasing from 0.75 to 0.39 mg/L with an increase of SSR from 0 to 35%, where a maximum of 7.19 mg/L P recovery amount was obtained at 35% of SSR. Increasing the SSR can favor the P recovery, while an excessively high SSR (more than 35%) would have a negative effect on the subsequent biological P removal in the BNR-IC system. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis showed that in total, 11 DGGE bands of highest species richness were visually detected and significant changes in microbial community structure were found, with SSR variations ranging from 0 to 55%. Moreover, an increase in SSR can cause an increase in microbial community biodiversity; where microbial populations correspond to the 11 bands, they were generally classified into five different phyla or classes (Beta-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria, as well as Clostridia and Flavobacteria) based on the evolutionary tree analysis.