ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has been noticed that the patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) can accompany with depression and anxiety. This study aimed to establish the incidence and determinants of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese MSA patients. METHODS: A total of 237 MSA patients were enrolled in the study. Neuropsychological assessment was performed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 items and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. RESULTS: We found that 62.0% and 71.7% patients had at least mild depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The severity of depression of MSA patients was associated with lower educational years (P=.024), longer disease duration (P<.001), and disease severity (P<.001). The severity of anxiety was associated with increased disease duration (P<.001), disease severity (P=.013), and orthostatic hypotension (P=.005). Binary logistic regression showed the determinants of depression and anxiety were female gender, longer disease duration, and disease severity. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety symptoms are common in patients with MSA. Neurologists should pay attention to depression and anxiety in patients with MSA, especially in female patients and those with longer disease duration and severe disease condition.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Multiple System Atrophy/psychology , Adult , Aged , Anxiety/etiology , Depression/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs (approximately 21-23 nt long) that can target genes for either degradation of mRNA or inhibition of translation. miRNAs have not been comprehensively studied in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). MicroRNA-630 (miR-630) has been frequently observed to be aberrantly expressed in various types of tumors. The present study explored the functions of miR-630 in the proliferation, apoptosis, chemosensitivity, and invasion of EOC. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we detected the miR-630 expression in cancerous, benign, and normal human ovarian tissues. Then, we evaluated the role of miR-630 in cell proliferation, chemosensitivity, apoptosis, and invasion by using the Cell Counting Kit-8, Annexin-V/FITC, and transwell assay on A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Western blotting was performed for analyzing the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (PTEN) protein expression. The miR-630 expression level was higher in ovarian cancerous tissues than in benign and normal ovarian tissues. Decreased expression of miR-630 suppressed EOC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as significantly enhanced cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Furthermore, PTEN expression was increased in A2780 cells transfected by miR-630 inhibitor in comparison with inhibitor-negative control-transfected cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-630 dramatically increased apoptotic cell death chemosensitivity to cisplatin and decreased the proliferation, invasion, and migration of EOC cells. MiR-630 may thus play an important role in the biological behaviors of EOC cells through negative control of the PTEN expression.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs/biosynthesis , MicroRNAs/genetics , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/genetics , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Disease Progression , Down-Regulation , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetic Therapy , Humans , MicroRNAs/administration & dosage , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/biosynthesis , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , TransfectionABSTRACT
Eleven weedy or wild species or subspecies of the genus Secale L. were compared with a set of cultivated rye accessions, based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to analyze their phylogenetic relationships. A total of 846 bands were amplified from reactions using 12 screening primers, including 79 loci with a mean of 10.1 alleles per locus. The number of amplified bands for each primer ranged from 12 to 134, with a mean of 70.5 amplified bands per primer. The presence and distribution of amplified bands in different accessions demonstrate that a rapid evolutionary trend of microsatellite repeats occurred during the speciation process from the perennial wild form to annual cultivated rye. In addition, variation, amplification, and deletion of microsatellites in genomes revealed phylogenetic relationships in the genus Secale. Analysis of the presence, number, and distribution of amplified bands in genomes, as well as the comparison with genetic similarity (GS) indices based on ISSR, indicate that Secale strictum subsp. africanum (Stapf) Hammer, Secale strictum anatolicum (Boiss.) Hammer, Secale sylvestre Host, and Secale strictum subsp. strictum (C. Presl) Hammer emerged in succession from a common ancestor of Secale following geographic separation and genetic differentiation. The annual weedy rye evolved from S. strictum subsp. strictum, which was domesticated as present-day cultivated rye. Data from ISSR analyses separated all investigated accessions of the genus Secale into three distinct groups. These results support the division of the genus Secale into three species: the annual wild species S. sylvestre; the perennial wild species S. strictum, including several differential subspecies forms such as strictum, africanum, and anatolicum; and S. cereale, including cultivated and weedy rye as subspecies forms.
