ABSTRACT
The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate potential differences in kinematics, specifically range of motion (ROM) and velocity, during planar cervical movements between patients with non-traumatic chronic neck pain and disability and asymptomatic controls, while accounting for potential influencing variables of age, sex and fear of movement. The influence of pain intensity, neck disability, age, sex or fear of motion on kinematics was analyzed through robust multivariate Bayesian regression models fitted using the brms library in R. Forty-three patients with neck pain (aged 36.70 ± 13.75 years; 10 men and 33 women) and 42 asymptomatic participants (aged 32.74 ± 13.24 years; 25 men and 17 women) completed the study protocol. The presence of neck pain/disability was associated with lower ROM and peak velocity during all planar movements when considering the influence of age, sex or fear of motion, with standardized regression coefficients that had a small effect size (ranged from 0.11 to 0.28) and estimated differences of less than 2.21° in ROM and 25.61°/s in peak velocity. Although patients with chronic mechanical neck pain showed reduced ROM and peak velocity, the small effect sizes and the low estimated differences between groups question the relevance and clinical usefulness of kinematic analysis of planar movements in samples of patients similar to those included in our study. It is probable that there are differences between the groups, but it is insufficient to rely solely on kinematic variables for patient discrimination. This limitation likely arises from the substantial variability in patient kinematics.
Subject(s)
Bayes Theorem , Chronic Pain , Neck Pain , Range of Motion, Articular , Humans , Male , Female , Neck Pain/physiopathology , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chronic Pain/physiopathology , Young Adult , Fear , Neck/physiopathology , Movement/physiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La succión nutritiva es un hito importante para la correcta alimentación del neonato. Los prematuros no tienen desarrollada esta habilidad, por lo que se han diseñado diferentes maneras de estimular su aparición. OBJETIVO: Comprobar si la estimulación de los reflejos orales innatos, a través de reacciones neuromotrices, disminuye el tiempo para adquirir la destreza de succión nutritiva. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron neonatos nacidos antes de la semana 34 de gestación y alimentados mediante sonda por succión ineficaz. El grupo control estuvo constituido por los recién nacidos con las mismas características nacidos durante el año 2016. El grupo experimental fue estimulado mediante reacciones neuromotrices hasta el retiro de la sonda. Las variables observadas fueron el tiempo de transición a la alimentación oral completa, el peso, la talla y el perímetro craneal al alta, la saturación periférica de oxígeno y la frecuencia cardiaca antes y después de la intervención, así como la calidad de la succión mediante la escala ECLES. RESULTADOS: Completaron el estudio 23 niños en el grupo de intervención y 25 en el grupo de control histórico. Los niños del grupo intervenido mostraron transición acelerada a la alimentación oral independiente y valores más elevados de altura (p = 0.01), peso (p < 0.001) y perímetro craneal (p = 0.04) en el momento del alta hospitalaria. La edad gestacional al alta y la duración total de la hospitalización no mostraron diferencias entre grupos (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La estimulación mediante reacciones neuromotrices disminuye el tiempo necesario para alcanzar la succión nutritiva en los neonatos pretérmino. BACKGROUND: Nutritive suction is an important milestone for correct newborn feeding. Premature infants do not develop this ability therefore, several proposals for their appearance have being designed. OBJECTIVE: Assess whether the stimulation of the innate oral reflexes using neuromotor reactions reduces the time to acquire sucking behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Newborns before 34 weeks of gestation, fed by tube feeding due to an ineffective suction, were studied. Control group consisted of newborns with the same characteristics born during 2016. Experimental group was stimulated by neuromotor reactions until the tube feeding was retired. Observed variables included transition time to complete oral feeding, weight, height and cranial perimeter at discharge, peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after intervention, as well as quality of suction behavior using ECLES scale. RESULTS: A total of 23 babies from intervention group completed the study, and 25 from historical control group. Children of intervention group showed an accelerated transition to independent oral feeding and higher values of height (p = 0.01), weight (p < 0.001) and cranial perimeter (p = 0.04), at the time of hospital discharge. Gestational age at discharge and total duration of hospitalization did not show differences between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral stimuli intervention by means of neuromotor reactions reduced the time necessary to reach suction behavior in preterm babies.