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1.
Biomedica ; 43(Sp. 1): 69-76, 2023 08 31.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721905

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. The most frequent form involves a chronic compromise of the lungs, skin, and mucosa. The patient started with a single oral lesion that lasted for several years. The absence of other symptoms pointed out a possible malignant neoplasm, specifically a squamous cell carcinoma. Differentiation between both diagnoses ­fungal infection and carcinoma­ depends on the results of the direct examination, the histopathological study, and the initial and subsequent cultures. However, in this case, those findings were not conclusive. The coexistence of both diagnoses is frequent and increases the diagnostic challenge. After several consultations and tests, direct examination, immunodiffusion and real-time PCR findings the multifocal chronic paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis was confirmed. This case warns about a systematical absence of clinical suspicion of endemic mycoses before the appereance of mucocutaneous lesions, which can be produced by fungi like Paracoccidioides spp, and the importance of considering those mycoses among the differential diagnoses.


La paracoccidioidomicosis es una micosis sistémica endémica en Latinoamérica. La presentación más frecuente compromete crónicamente los pulmones, la piel y las mucosas. Al inicio, este paciente presentó, por varios años, una lesión única en la mucosa oral que, en ausencia de otros síntomas, se relacionó con una neoplasia maligna, específicamente con un carcinoma escamocelular. La diferenciación entre los dos diagnósticos se hace mediante un examen directo, un estudio histopatológico y cultivos iniciales y subsecuentes. Sin embargo, tales estudios no fueron concluyentes. Después de varias consultas y pruebas, con los resultados del examen directo, la inmunodifusión y la PCR en tiempo real se confirmó el diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis crónica multifocal. Este caso alerta sobre la ausencia de sospecha clínica de micosis endémicas, dada la presencia de lesiones mucocutáneas que pueden ser producidas por hongos como Paracoccidioides spp, y la importancia de considerarlas entre los diagnósticos diferenciales.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Paracoccidioidomycosis , Humans , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Hyperplasia , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Skin , Cell Differentiation
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 40(2): 178-182, abr. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441408

ABSTRACT

La conidiobolomicosis es una micosis subcutánea causada por un hongo saprofito, Conidiobulus spp. perteneciente a la clase Zigomicetos, orden Entomoftorales, que habita en regiones tropicales. La manifestación clínica clásica es la deformidad progresiva de estructuras faciales y su diagnóstico se basa en cultivos de la zona afectada y el estudio histopatológico, siendo el "fenómeno de Splendore-Hoeppli" el hallazgo más característico. Dada su baja frecuencia de presentación, no existe consenso sobre la mejor opción y tiempo de tratamiento. Aquí presentamos un caso de entomoftoromicosis rinofacial causada por Conidiobolus coronatus en un paciente inmunocompetente de la región sur de Colombia.


Conidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a saprophytic fungus, Conidiobulus, belonging to the class of Zygomycetes, an order of Entomophtorales that inhabits tropical regions. Its most frequent clinical manifestation is the progressive deformity of facial midline structures, and the diagnosis is based on cultures taken from the affected area and the histopathological study, being the "Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon" the most characteristic finding. Due to its low frequency of presentation, there is no consensus about the best option and treatment time. We present a case of rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus in an immunocompetent patient from the southern region of Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Zygomycosis/microbiology , Zygomycosis/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Conidiobolus/isolation & purification , Zygomycosis/pathology , Zygomycosis/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 36(4): 455-462, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360969

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: el "efecto fin de semana" se define como un incremento en la mortalidad en pacientes que ingresan a centros asistenciales durante el fin de semana o días festivos. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar el posible "efecto fin de semana" en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva superior (HDS) con base en una experiencia de 3 años en un hospital de alta complejidad en Latinoamérica. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo realizado entre 2016 y 2018. Se describieron las características demográficas, factores de riesgo, síntomas de ingreso, hallazgos endoscópicos y diferentes intervenciones médicas. Además, se compararon los tiempos de realización de endoscopia, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad entre los pacientes admitidos durante el fin de semana frente a días entre semana. Resultados: el análisis incluyó 274 pacientes en fines de semana y festivos (39,1 %) frente a pacientes en días entre semana (60,9 %). La mediana de edad fue de 68,5 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 53-79), el 56,6 % fueron hombres. Las manifestaciones más comunes fueron melenas y hematemesis. La úlcera péptica fue el diagnóstico endoscópico más común (48,7 %). Los tiempos de estancia hospitalaria (7,38 ± 8,7 frente a 7,38 ± 7,1; p = 0,234) y mortalidad (1,9 % frente a 4,2 %; p = 0,274) fueron similares en ambos grupos. Se realizó una mayor cantidad de endoscopias después de las 24 horas en pacientes ingresados el fin de semana (19,6 % frente a 9,6 %; p = 0,041). Conclusiones: en esta cohorte no se presentó el "efecto fin de semana", no se observan diferencias en relación con la estancia hospitalaria, ni con la mortalidad en pacientes ingresados por HDS.


Abstract Introduction and Objectives: The "Weekend Effect" refers to an increase in mortality of patients admitted to health care centers on weekends or holidays. This study was performed to assess the impact of weekend admissions in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) based on a three year-experience in a high-complexity hospital in Latin America. Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational study was performed between 2016 and 2018. Data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, endoscopic findings, and medical treatment was described. Moreover, the time to perform an endoscopy, the length of hospital stay, and the mortality level among patients admitted on weekends were compared with the same factors during the week. Results: The analysis included 274 patients admitted during the weekend and holidays (39.1%) versus patients admitted during the week (60.9%). The median age was 68.5 years old (interquartile range [IQR]: 53-79), and 56.6% were men. The most common conditions were tarry stools and hematemesis. Peptic ulcer was the most common endoscopic diagnosis (48.7%). Similar results were found in the length of hospital stay (7,38 ± 8,7 versus 7,38 ± 7,1; p = 0,234) and mortality groups (1,9 % versus 4,2 %; p = 0,274). A higher number of endoscopies 24 hours after the patient was admitted was performed (19,6 % versus 9,6 %; p = 0,041). Conclusions: The "Weekend Effect" was not present in the analyzed group, and there are no significant differences related to the length of hospital stay or the mortality of patients diagnosed with UGIB.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Endoscopy , Hemorrhage , Risk Factors , Mortality , Hospitals
4.
Mycoses ; 63(5): 494-499, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32163641

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world. MAIN AIM: To describe the cases of skin dermatophytosis and its main aetiologic agents in patients referred to a Mycological Reference Laboratory in Medellín, Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with records of patients referred between 1994 and 2016 to the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín-Colombia, because of clinical suspicion of skin dermatophytosis. RESULTS: Of a total of 5628 clinical records of patients with suspicion of skin dermatophytosis analysed, 2780 (49.4%) had a proven or probable dermatophytosis diagnosis, 2774 cultures were performed, and aetiologic agents were isolated in 2576 samples (92.9%). The most frequently isolated aetiologic agents were Trichophyton rubrum (44.3%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (33.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (12.4%), Nannizzia gypseum complex (5.7%, formerly Microsporum gypseum), Microsporum canis (3.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.8%). The most frequent clinical forms were tinea pedis (72.7%) and tinea corporis (12.7%). In addition, a group of patients (0.9%) developed mixed infections by two dermatophyte agents and another (4.1%) developed infections in more than one anatomical site. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study are coherent with previous reports where T rubrum and T mentagrophytes complex were the main causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, the increased incidence of N gypsea complex over M canis is worth highlighting.


Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Fungi/isolation & purification , Tinea/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthrodermataceae/classification , Arthrodermataceae/isolation & purification , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Epidermophyton/classification , Epidermophyton/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Humans , Infant , Male , Microsporum/classification , Microsporum/isolation & purification , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Skin/microbiology , Skin/pathology , Tinea/epidemiology , Trichophyton/classification , Trichophyton/isolation & purification , Young Adult
5.
Heliyon ; 5(7): e02084, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31372546

ABSTRACT

The thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the Americas. In tropical regions, agro-ecosystems require organic matter replacement, therefore, the use of organic fertilizers has increased disregarding the fact that certain number of such fertilizers might be contaminated with the fungus, and with their handling resulting in human cases and even outbreaks of histoplasmosis. Additionally, in Colombia, chicken manure is the most common raw material used in the production of organic fertilizers. In this work, we reported the isolation of this fungus from chicken manure, and genetically compared with 42 clinical isolates. The genetically compared environmental isolates grouped together with the clinical ones. Our result suggests that chicken manure may be one of H. capsulatum infection sources. Also, the phylogenetic analyses done with other H. capsulatum isolates indicate that the Colombian isolates are widely distributed in the relational tree thus reveling towards the great genetic diversity among the H. capsulatum Colombian isolates.

6.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 49(3): 193-200, 2018 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30410193

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The yeasts species determination is fundamental not only for an accurate diagnosis but also for establishing a suitable patient treatment. We performed a concordance study of five methodologies for the species identification of oral isolates of Candida in Colombia. METHODS: Sixty-seven Candida isolates were tested by; API® 20C-AUX, Vitek®2 Compact, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and a molecular test (panfungal PCR and sequencing). The commercial cost and processing time of the samples was done by graphical analysis. RESULTS: Panfungal PCR differentiated 12 species of Candida, Vitek®MS and Microflex® methods identified 9 species, and API® 20C-AUX and Vitek®2 Compact methods identified 8 species each. Weighted Kappa (wK) showed a high agreement between Panfungal PCR, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and API® 20C-AUX (wK 0.62-0.93). The wK that involved the Vitek®2 Compact method presented moderate or good concordances compared with the other methods (wK 0.56-0.73). Methodologies based on MALDI TOF MS required 4 minutes to generate results and the Microflex® method had the lowest selling price. CONCLUSION: The methods evaluated showed high concordance in their results, being higher for the molecular methods and the methodologies based on MALDI TOF. The latter are faster and cheaper, presenting as promising alternatives for the routine identification of yeast species of the genus Candida.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La clasificación a nivel de especies de las levaduras del género Candida de origen clínico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y la instauración de un adecuado tratamiento para el paciente. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia de cinco metodologías usadas para la identificación de aislamientos orales de Candida spp en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Sesenta y siete aislamientos de Candida spp fueron identificados a nivel de especie utilizando; API® 20 C AUX' Vitek® 2 Compact, MALDI TOF (Vitek® MS y Microflex®) y una prueba molecular, PCR Panfungal y secuenciación. Un análisis del costo comercial y tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras por cada método fue realizado mediante el análisis gráfico de ambas variables. RESULTADOS: La PCR Panfungal y secuenciación diferenció 12 especies de Candida' los métodos Vitek® MS y Microflex® identificaron 9 especies y los métodos API® 20 C AUX y Vitek® 2 Compact identificaron 8 especies. El análisis de Kappa ponderado (wK) demostró una concordancia alta entre los métodos PCR Panfungal y secuenciación' Vitek® MS' Microflex® y API® 20 C AUX' concordancias agrupadas en las categorías buena y muy buena (wK 0.62 - 0.93); los Kp que involucraron el método Vitek® 2 Compact presentaron concordancias moderadas o buenas frente a los otros métodos (wK 0.56 - 0.73). Las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS requirieron 4 minutos para generar un resultado y el método Microflex® fue el método que en nuestro medio presentó el menor precio de venta del servicio. CONCLUSIÓN: Los métodos evaluados presentaron una alta concordancia en sus resultados' siendo más alta para los métodos moleculares y las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS; estas últimas son metodologías más rápidas, económicas y precisas, las cuales se presentan como alternativas prometedoras para la identificación rutinaria de especies de levaduras del género Candida.


Subject(s)
Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Adult , Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology , Colombia , Humans , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Time Factors
7.
Colomb. med ; 49(3): 193-200, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974986

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The yeasts species determination is fundamental not only for an accurate diagnosis but also for establishing a suitable patient treatment. We performed a concordance study of five methodologies for the species identification of oral isolates of Candida in Colombia. Methods: Sixty-seven Candida isolates were tested by; API® 20C-AUX, Vitek®2 Compact, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and a molecular test (panfungal PCR and sequencing). The commercial cost and processing time of the samples was done by graphical analysis. Results: Panfungal PCR differentiated 12 species of Candida, Vitek®MS and Microflex® methods identified 9 species, and API® 20C-AUX and Vitek®2 Compact methods identified 8 species each. Weighted Kappa (wK) showed a high agreement between Panfungal PCR, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and API® 20C-AUX (wK 0.62-0.93). The wK that involved the Vitek®2 Compact method presented moderate or good concordances compared with the other methods (wK 0.56-0.73). Methodologies based on MALDI TOF MS required 4 minutes to generate results and the Microflex® method had the lowest selling price. Conclusion: The methods evaluated showed high concordance in their results, being higher for the molecular methods and the methodologies based on MALDI TOF. The latter are faster and cheaper, presenting as promising alternatives for the routine identification of yeast species of the genus Candida.


Resumen Introducción: La clasificación a nivel de especies de las levaduras del género Candida de origen clínico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y la instauración de un adecuado tratamiento para el paciente. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia de cinco metodologías usadas para la identificación de aislamientos orales de Candida spp en Colombia. Métodos: Sesenta y siete aislamientos de Candida spp fueron identificados a nivel de especie utilizando; API® 20 C AUX‚ Vitek® 2 Compact, MALDI TOF (Vitek® MS y Microflex®) y una prueba molecular, PCR Panfungal y secuenciación. Un análisis del costo comercial y tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras por cada método fue realizado mediante el análisis gráfico de ambas variables. Resultados: La PCR Panfungal y secuenciación diferenció 12 especies de Candida‚ los métodos Vitek® MS y Microflex® identificaron 9 especies y los métodos API® 20 C AUX y Vitek® 2 Compact identificaron 8 especies. El análisis de Kappa ponderado (wK) demostró una concordancia alta entre los métodos PCR Panfungal y secuenciación‚ Vitek® MS‚ Microflex® y API® 20 C AUX‚ concordancias agrupadas en las categorías buena y muy buena (wK 0.62 - 0.93); los Kp que involucraron el método Vitek® 2 Compact presentaron concordancias moderadas o buenas frente a los otros métodos (wK 0.56 - 0.73). Las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS requirieron 4 minutos para generar un resultado y el método Microflex® fue el método que en nuestro medio presentó el menor precio de venta del servicio. Conclusión: Los métodos evaluados presentaron una alta concordancia en sus resultados‚ siendo más alta para los métodos moleculares y las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS; estas últimas son metodologías más rápidas, económicas y precisas, las cuales se presentan como alternativas prometedoras para la identificación rutinaria de especies de levaduras del género Candida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Time Factors , Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Colombia
8.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 59: e76, 2017 Dec 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29267584

ABSTRACT

A Lateral Flow Assay to detect cryptococcal antigen (CrAg® LFA) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid for the rapid diagnosis of cryptococcosis was evaluated. A retrospective validation was performed. Sensitivity and specificity of the CrAg® LFA was 100%. High concordance (kappa index=1.0) between Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS®) and CrAg® LFA was observed. CrAg® LFA showed higher analytical sensitivity for detecting low concentrations of cryptococcal antigen.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Fungal/blood , Antigens, Fungal/cerebrospinal fluid , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcus/immunology , Colombia , Cryptococcosis/blood , Cryptococcosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Humans , Point-of-Care Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
9.
Infectio ; 20(4): 225-230, jul.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-953967

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la literatura colombiana son escasos los reportes acerca de la epidemiología de la tinea capitis. Objetivo : Realizar un estudio retrospectivo para describir el comportamiento de esta micosis y de sus agentes etiológicos, en una serie de pacientes remitidos a un centro de diagnóstico especializado en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos : Estudio retrospectivo donde se analizaron los registros de pacientes remitidos entre los años 1994 y 2013 para estudio micológico a la Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental de la Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), en Medellín, Colombia. Resultados : Fueron analizados 415 pacientes con sospecha clínica de tinea capitis, 133 (32%) de los cuales fueron confirmados por el laboratorio. La mayoría de los pacientes positivos, 124/133 (93%), fueron menores de edad y 89/133 (67%) correspondieron al sexo masculino. En 52 de los 133 casos comprobados se pudo determinar algún factor de riesgo asociado: el contacto con animales fue el principal factor de riesgo en 39/52 pacientes (75%). El examen directo fue positivo en el 87% y el cultivo para hongos en el 92% de los casos comprobados. El agente etiológico más frecuentemente aislado fue Microsporum canis (86%), seguido con una amplia diferencia por Microsporum gypseum(4%), Trichophyton tonsurans (3%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (3%), Microsporum audouinii (3%) y Microsporum spp. (1%). Conclusión : Nuestros resultados representan una casuística importante para la epidemiología de la tinea capitis en Colombia. En ausencia de estudios más extensos en cobertura geográfica y en población estudiada que permitan conocer la incidencia real de esta micosis en nuestro medio, estos datos deben ser considerados como aporte valioso en el conocimiento de los agentes etiológicos de tinea capitis más frecuentes en el país.


Introduction: There are few written reports on the epidemiology of tinea capitis in Colombia. Objective: To undertake a retrospective study (1994-2013) aimed at describing the behavior of this mycosis and its etiological agents, using a series of patients referred to a specialized diagnostic center in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which the records were analysed of patients from 1994-2013, who were referred for mycological studies (direct examination and culture) to the Medical and Experimental Mycology Unit of the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) with the clinical suspicion of tinea capitis. Results: In this period, 415 patients with clinical suspicion of tinea capitis were reported, of which 133 cases were confirmed by the laboratory (32%); most patients 124 (93%) were children, mostly boys 89 (67%). In terms of associated risk factors there was information from 52 confirmed cases, of which 39 (75%) had contact with animals. Direct examination was positive in 87% and fungal culture in 92% of confirmed cases; the etiologic agent most isolated was Microsporum canis (86%), followed by Microsporum gypseum (4%), Trichophyton tonsurans (3%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (3%), Microsporum audouinii (3%) and Microsporum spp. (1%). Conclusion: Our results represent an important casuistry for the epidemiology of tinea capitis in Colombia. In the absence of more extensive studies on geographic coverage and population characteristics that reveal the true incidence of this mycosis in our country, these data should be considered a valuable contribution to the understanding of the most frequent etiologic agents of tinea capitis in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Tinea Capitis , Clinical Laboratory Services , Scalp , Trichophyton , Epidemiologic Studies , Colombia , Microsporum
10.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 93(3): 662-7, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26123961

ABSTRACT

Histoplasmosis causes a significant mortality, especially persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) from developing countries where access to both appropriate diagnostic methods and antiretroviral therapy are limited. A total of 81 physicians assigned to 17 Colombian departments (states) received training in the clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic aspects of histoplasmosis. Once this training was received and during the period of October 2009-November 2012, these physicians sent biological samples for immunodiagnostic, mycological, and molecular tests from their patients with suspicion of histoplasmosis. A total of 1,536 samples from 768 patients were evaluated. Of the 768 patients studied, 463 (60%) were HIV positive, 214 (28%) HIV negative, and in 91 (12%) this diagnosis was unknown, and 538 (70%) were males. The 1,536 specimens studied comprised 722 sera, 439 blood samples, and 241 urines, which were tested by immunodiffusion (ID), culture, and antigenuria, respectively; in addition, 134 specimens were tested by performing a molecular assay. Histoplasmosis was diagnosed in 133 patients (17%). After the training, we observed more diagnoses from 27 to 44 cases per year. In this study, a significantly increased number of histoplasmosis cases reported by year were observed after implementing an educational training program.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Education, Medical, Continuing/organization & administration , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/microbiology , Histoplasmosis/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies , Serologic Tests/methods , Young Adult
11.
Rev. CES psicol ; 8(1): 1-20, ene.-jun. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-765495

ABSTRACT

An intervention strategy is presented for suicide attempt in children and adolescents during the crisis period, based on the approach of symbolic interactionism. Using a qualitative approach and hermeneutic methodology, 18 in-depth interviews were analyzed of children and adolescents with at least one suicide attempt and of psychiatrists, psychologists and general practitioners who have treated this type of cases. Two types of drive to suicide surged, each with two subtypes: The anomic type with "ambivalent" and "desperate" subtypes. The exalted type with subtypes: "matchstick" and "matchstick in gasoline." For each type were defined specific intervention strategies. It is necessary to discriminate the various types and subtypes of drive to suicide as an essential aspect to make appropriate interventions adapted to the needs of each case.


Se presenta una estrategia de intervención para el intento de suicidio en niños y adolescentes durante el periodo de la crisis, fundamentada en el interaccionismo simbólico. Con enfoque cualitativo y metodología hermenéutica, se analizaron 18 entrevistas en profundidad a niños y adolescentes con al menos un intento de suicidio y a psiquiatras, psicólogos y médicos generales que han atendido casos de intento. Emergieron dos tipos de empuje al suicidio, con dos subtipos cada uno: El tipo anómico, con subtipos "ambivalente" y "desesperado". El tipo exaltado, con subtipos: "fosforito" y "fosforito en gasolina". Para cada uno de ellos se definieron estrategias de intervención específicas y claramente definidas. Es necesario discriminar los diversos tipos y subtipos de empuje al suicidio como aspecto imprescindible para realizar intervenciones pertinentes y ajustadas a las necesidades de cada caso.

12.
Rev. CES psicol ; 8(1): 134-154, ene.-jun. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-765503

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una propuesta de clínica psicológica y su método adecuada a los contextos postmodernos y fundamentada en la epistemología compleja. Para el efecto, se realiza un recorrido por el concepto "clínica", con especial énfasis en lo clínico en psicología, y una ilustración de los cambios acaecidos con el paso de la modernidad a la postmodernidad. Se desarrollan los fundamentos de la clínica psicológica enclavados en la catastroficidad, caoticidad, borrosidad y fractalidad. Finalmente, se describe el método clínico psicológico. El método así propuesto se convierte en una alternativa para adecuar lo clínico en psicología a los retos y exigencias propios la época postmoderna, haciéndola más pertinente y contextualizada.


The aim of this article is to present a proposal of clinical psychology and its method adapted to postmodernity and based in complex epistemology. Initially, a historical approximation of the concept "clinic" is developed with special emphasis on "clinic in psychology". Then, modernity and postmodernity are compared showing their differences during the transition from one to another and using this comparison as the frame to present the basis of a clinical psychology based on fuzzy sets, catastrophe theory, fractal theory and chaos theory as their principles. Finally, it is described the Psychological clinical method. Thus, the proposed method becomes an alternative to adequate clinical psychology at the proper challenges and demands of postmodern era, more relevant and contextualized.

13.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 81(3): 208-12, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25524158

ABSTRACT

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is one of the most important rhinosinusoidal disorders, which involves a variety of etiological agents. We carried out a study to determine the frequency of fungal agents in sinus samples from patients with clinically suspected rhinosinusitis (RS). A total of 205 clinical samples were assessed from 174 patients with clinically suspected RS, of which 48 were positive for microscopic examination and culture, 47 were positive for direct examination but negative by culture, 4 were negative for direct examination but positive by culture, and 106 were negative for both methodologies. The main fungal agents isolated were Aspergillus spp. (32.7%), followed by Schizophyllum commune (28.8%). Sensitivity and specificity of the direct examination were 92.3% and 69.3%, respectively, and concordance between the direct examination and culture was 48.4%. This study indicated that both Aspergillus and S. commune appear to be the most important agents involved in the development of FRS.


Subject(s)
Fungi/isolation & purification , Mycoses/epidemiology , Mycoses/microbiology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Rhinitis/etiology , Sinusitis/epidemiology , Sinusitis/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Female , Fungi/classification , Humans , Male , Microbiological Techniques , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
14.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 72(3): 204-13, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22321995

ABSTRACT

A total of 98 respiratory specimens from 88 patients suspected of having Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) were evaluated using a previously reported nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA). In addition, samples from patients with other pulmonary infections and a sizeable DNA collection from other fungal pathogens were studied. A panfungal PCR assay amplifying the ITS1-ITS2 regions were also used to identify all fungal DNAs. All samples positive for mtLSUrRNA-PCR were evaluated to determine mutations in dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes. All PCR-amplified products were sequenced. Of the 98 clinical specimens, 13 (13.2%) were positive by GMS stain and mtLSUrRNA-PCR, while 32 (32.6%) that were GMS stain-negative gave positive results with mtLSUrRNA-PCR. All the sequences corresponding to the 45 products amplified by mtLSUrRNA-PCR showed 99% or greater identity with P. jirovecii. The mtLSUrRNA-PCR exhibited 86% sensitivity and 98% and 96.6% specificity when results were compared to those corresponding to negative controls and other proven clinical entities, respectively. We found mutations in the DHPS gene in 3 (7.7%) patients, 2 located at codon 55 and 1 at codon 57. One patient showed a synonymous substitution at nucleotide position 312 in the DHFR gene. These results suggest that mtLSUrRNA-PCR is a useful test for diagnosing PcP. In contrast to other studies, this study found a low prevalence of mutations in the DHPS and DHFR genes in Colombian patients.


Subject(s)
Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics , Genotype , Pneumocystis carinii/genetics , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colombia , DNA, Fungal , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA , RNA, Mitochondrial , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
15.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-652106

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La sensibilidad de las pruebas convencionales (examen directo, cultivo) para el diagnóstico de la onicomicosis (25 a 80%), representa un problema para la decisión terapéutica del dermatólogo. Objetivo. Determinar la exactitud diagnóstica de la muestra de la lámina ungular en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de onicomicosis. Metodología. Es un estudio prospectivo de pruebas diagnósticas en 50 pacientes con sospecha de onicomicosis. Se tomó muestra de la lámina ungular con cortaúñas estéril en el área de onicólisis para pruebas micológicas (KOHcultivo) y de histopatología (hematoxilina y eosina y ácido peryódico de Schiff), y muestra de detritos mediante raspado del lecho para prueba micológica. La toma de muestras y el procesamiento de las pruebas se realizaron en laboratorios de referencia y se interpretaron de manera ciega e independiente. La muestra de detritos se consideró la prueba estándar. Resultados. Se observó compromiso de los pies en 90% de los pacientes, 86,6% con afectación del primer dedo. La prueba micológica de detritos fue positiva en 80% de los casos, encontrándose estructuras micóticas en el examen directo en 72% y aislamiento al cultivo en 64%. En la lámina ungular, la sensibilidad fue de 87,5% y la especificidad de 80%; el cociente de probabilidades positivo fue 4,4. Cinco muestras positivas con la tinción PAS fueron negativas en la prueba estándar. La sensibilidad neta aumentó a 95% mediante el análisis de las pruebas en paralelo de la lámina ungular. La mayoría de los aislamientos fueron especies de Candida (77,3% en detritos y 75,9% en la lámina ungular), y C. parapsilosis fue el aislamiento más frecuente. Conclusión. Se propone la muestra de la lámina ungular para pruebas micológicas y tinción de PAS, como complemento a la muestra de detritos para el diagnóstico de onicomicosis.


Subject(s)
Foot Dermatoses , Onychomycosis/diagnosis
16.
Med. U.P.B ; 29(2): 109-118, jul.-dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-589336

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir las características de los pacientes en los que se realizó prueba Platelia Aspergillus® por sospecha de AI, y los resultados de la prueba según las categorías diagnósticas. Metodología: se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de pacientes con sospecha de AI atendidos en instituciones de salud de Medellín a quienes se les realizó la prueba Platelia Aspergillus®. Se colectaron y analizaron de manera descriptiva los datos clínicos, imaginológicos, microbiológicos y los resultados de la prueba Platelia Aspergillus®. Resultados: se incluyeron 78 pacientes atendidos entre 2006- 2008. Se diagnosticó AI en 21 (26.9%) pacientes, colonización en ocho (10.3%) pacientes. La forma pulmonar invasiva aguda se encontró en 17 (81.0%), forma diseminada en tres (14.3%). La fiebre y la disnea fueron la principal manifestación. En la tomografía de pulmón se observaron más frecuentemente nódulos pulmonares. La prueba fue positiva en 31 (39.7%) pacientes, en 50% de los pacientes colonizados. En 17 (47.2%) de los 36 pacientes recibieron antibióticos betalactámicos, la prueba fue positivo. Conclusiones: la AI puede encontrarse hasta en la tercera parte de pacientes con sospecha clínica; sin embargo, el diagnóstico es difícil debido al cuadro clínico inespecífico, además de las dificultades para obtener muestras clínicas y al pobre rendimientode las pruebas diagnósticas.


Objective: to describe the characteristics of patients with suspected IA, who were studied with the platelia test as well as theresults according to different diagnostic categories. Methods: the medical records of patients with suspected IA treated at health facilities in Medellin who were tested with platelia were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, imaging, microbiology and the platelia test results were collected and descriptively analyzed. Results: we included 78 patients treated from 2006 to 2008. IA was diagnosed in 21 (26.9%) patients and colonization was found in 8 (10.3%) patients. The acute invasive pulmonary form was found in 17 (81.0%), disseminated form in three (14.3%). Fever and dyspnea were the principal manifestation. Nodules were found more frequently in lung tomography. The tests were positive in 31 (39.7%) patients and in 50% of colonized patients. In 17 (47.2%) of 36 patients who received beta-lactamantibiotics, the test showed a positive result. Conclusions: IA can be found in up to one third of patients with clinical suspicion, but diagnosis remains difficult because of the nonspecific clinical picture, coupled with the difficulty for obtaining clinical samples and the poor performance of diagnostic tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspergillus , Tomography , Lung
17.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 14(6): 341-352, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-481978

ABSTRACT

Introducción: estudios recientes demuestran la seguridad y eficacia de la implantación de células progenitoras derivadas de la médula ósea y de la administración del factor estimulante de colonias de granulocito en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST y en cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo, abierto de ®antes y después¼ para evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la terapia celular asociada a la administración del factor de crecimiento. Se reporta la primera experiencia con este tipo de terapia.Metodología: este es el reporte del seguimiento a seis meses, de los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica aguda y crónica a quienes se les realizó trasplante de células progenitoras derivadas de la médula ósea, movilizadas con factor de crecimiento estimulante de colonias de granulocitos, por vía intracoronaria o epicárdica. Se incluyeron dos grupos de pacientes: 1. Diez pacientes con infarto de pared anterior y 2. Cinco pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica crónica, todos con necrosis extensa demostrada por ausencia de viabilidad miocárdica por medicina nuclear y fracción de eyección menor del 40 porciento...


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow , Myocardial Infarction , Stem Cell Transplantation , Stem Cells
18.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 73(3): 576-82, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16172484

ABSTRACT

We studied 52 patients with disseminated histoplasmosis, 30 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (cohort 1) and 22 not co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (cohort 2). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, mycologic findings, as well as antifungal therapy and highly active antiretroviral (HAART), were analyzed. Skin lesions were significantly higher in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (P = 0.001). Anemia, leukopenia, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also more pronounced in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (P < 0.001). Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated more often in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (P < 0.05) patients, but antibodies to H. capsulatum were detected more frequently in cohort 2 than in cohort 1 (P < 0.05). Itraconazole treatment was less effective in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (P = 0.012). In cohort 1 patients, HAART improved response to antifungals when compared with individuals not given HAART (P = 0.003), who exhibited higher mortality rates (P = 0.025). Cohort 1 patients who were given dual antifungal and anti-retroviral therapies responded as well as the non-HIV patients in cohort 2, who were treated only with itraconazole. These results indicate the need to promote restoration of the immune system in patients with AIDS and histoplasmosis.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Histoplasmosis/physiopathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Child , Child, Preschool , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Women
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