ABSTRACT
Increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopy can reduce venous return, but changes in respiratory system mechanics and their effect in left cardiac function are not well documented. This study evaluated the effects of different IAPs on respiratory mechanics and cardiac function in 10 healthy nonpregnant adult Santa Ines ewes randomly submitted to a crossover study using different IAPs: 0 mm Hg (G1), 10 mm Hg (G2), 12 mmHg (G3), and 15 mmHg (G4). Animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure = 3 cmH2 O; FiO2 = 1.0). Pneumoperitoneum was induced by Hasson's trocar cannula. Variables were measured at INITIAL (IAP, 0 mmHg) and FINAL time points for each IAP after 1 h. At FINAL, driving airway pressure (ΔP,RS ), and percentage fraction of dead space (Vd/Vt) were higher in G3 and G4 than G1 (p = 0.002, difference in means [MD] 4.60, 95% CI: 7.91-1.28, and p < 0.001, MD 5.4, 95% CI: 8.7-2.0; p = 0.016, MD -9.5, 95% CI: -17.9 to -1.2; and p = 0.027, MD -8.7, 95% CI: -17.1 to -0.4). The ejection fraction and fractional shortening were lower in G3 (p = 0.039, MD -11.38, 95% CI: -0.07--22.68; p = 0.015, MD -13.05, 95% CI: -1.74--24.36) and G4 (p = 0.039, MD -9.94, 95% CI: -0.07 to -19.80; p = 0.015, MD -11.43, 95%CI: -1.57 to -21.30, respectively) than G2. In G3, the maximum pulmonary flow velocity correlated negatively with ΔP,RS (r = -0.740; p = 0.018), and Vd/Vt correlated positively with ΔP,RS (r = 0.738, p = 0.046). At IAP of 12 and 15 mm Hg impaired respiratory system mechanics, reduced left cardiac function and no change in maximum pulmonary artery flow velocity were detected. Therefore, respiratory mechanics should be monitored as an interplay to reduce left cardiac function.
Subject(s)
Lung , Respiratory Mechanics , Animals , Female , Abdomen , Cross-Over Studies , Monitoring, Physiologic , SheepABSTRACT
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of gastrintestinal helminthosis of calves and to identify control aspects related to these infections in dairy farms of the municipality of Alegre, Espírito Santo. A total of 222 calves varying of one to 18 months of age were examined and proportionally divided between 12 dairy farms. After techniques in the laboratory of parasitic diseases of the veterinary hospital of Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, the prevalence of eggs of Strongyloidea, Trichuris sp., Moniezia sp, Strongyloides papillosus and coccidial oocysts were, in properties and calves: 100 and 66; 100 and 57.8; 50 and 8.2; 25 and 1.8, and 33.3 and 7.8%, respectivelly. Of the 66 for eggs of the Strongyloidea, 64 were attributed to Haemonchus spp. and 53.75% to Cooperia spp. Despite the existence of parasite control programs in the farms, were identify some wrong practices, as lack of weighting animals for the calculation of the dose rate of the drugs and lack of use of the compost of excrements. Thus, the drugs uses of incorrect form may be able to cause future damages with development of parasites resistance to these products.