Impact of gender in patients with device-related thrombosis after left atrial appendage closure - A sub-analysis from the multicenter EUROC-DRT-registry.

BACKGROUND: Device-related thrombosis (DRT) is a common finding after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and is associated with worse outcomes. As women are underrepresented in clinical studies, further understanding of sex differences in DRT patients is warranted. METHODS AND RESULTS: This sub-analysis from the EUROC-DRT-registry compromises 176 patients with diagnosis of DRT after LAAC. Women, who accounted for 34.7% (61/176) of patients, were older (78.0 ± 6.7 vs. 74.9 ± 9.1 years, p = .06) with lower rates of comorbidities. While DRT was detected significantly later in women (173 ± 267 vs. 127 ± 192 days, p = .01), anticoagulation therapy was escalated similarly, mainly with initiation of novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or heparin. DRT resolution was achieved in 67.5% (27/40) of women and in 75.0% (54/72) of men (p = .40). In the remaining cases, an intensification/switch of anticoagulation was conducted in 50.% (9/18) of men and in 41.7% (5/12) of women. Final resolution was achieved in 72.5% (29/40) cases in women, and in 81.9% (59/72) cases in men (p = .24). Women were followed-up for a similar time as men (779 ± 520 vs. 908 ± 687 days, p = .51). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in mortality rates in women (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.73, 95%-Confidence interval [95%-CI]: .68-4.37, p = .25) and no differences in stroke (HR: .83, 95%-CI: .30-2.32, p = .72) within 2 years after LAAC. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of risk factors and outcome revealed no differences between men and women, with DRT in women being diagnosed significantly later. Women should be monitored closely to assess for DRT formation/resolution. Treatment strategies appear to be equally effective.

The Modern Clinician as an "Argonaut" Guiding Through the "Symplegades" of Evidence for PFO Closure in Patients With Migraine.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with migraine, especially migraine with aura, and 30-50% of individuals with migraine with aura have a PFO, suggesting it could be more than just an "innocent bystander''. Observational data showed a reduction of the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, particularly those with aura, following transcatheter PFO closure for established indications. Three small randomized controlled trials have demonstrated significant benefits of PFO closure in most of their secondary endpoints, such as reductions in the mean number of monthly migraine attacks and migraine days. Since a significant proportion of patients experience important side effects from traditional migraine medications and newer highly effective migraine prevention strategies may need to be instituted. PFO closure could in this regard to be a valuable add-on in the armamentarium of migraine treatment, improving the quality of life by alleviating the need for medications. The effect of percutaneous PFO closure on migraine treatment is needed to be clarified. As the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood and largely hypothetical, future investigations, focusing on the causal relationship between PFO and migraine, will help to define the subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from PFO closure. More accurate patient recruitment may lead to greater postprocedural benefits and more significant symptom improvement. Additionally, randomized controlled trials need to be reported adequately with more realistic endpoints, sufficient duration of follow-up, and statistical power to detect differences between closure and placebo groups to ensure precise and reliable findings.

A Guide to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Design and Systematic Planning for a Redo-TAV (TAV-in-TAV) Procedure.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become more common than surgical aortic valve replacement since 2016, with over 200,000 procedures globally each year. As patients increasingly outlive their TAVR devices, managing these cases is a growing concern. Treatment options include surgical removal of the old TAVR device (transcatheter aortic valve [TAV] explant) or implantation of a new transcatheter aortic valve (redo TAV). Redo TAV is complex because of the unique designs of TAV devices; compatibility issues; and the need for individualized planning based on factors such as implant depth, shape, and coronary artery relationships. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for redo TAV, detailing the design characteristics of TAV devices, device compatibility, standardized terminology, and a structured approach for computed tomography analysis. It aims to facilitate decision making, risk identification, and achieving optimal outcomes in redo TAV procedures.

Understanding the role of the left atrial appendage on the flow in the atrium.

BACKGROUND: The exclusion/occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a treatment option for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are at high risk of stroke and high risk of bleeding. As the role of the LAA is not well understood or explored, this study aims to assess its role on flow dynamics in the left atrium. METHODS: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out for nine AF patients before and after LAA exclusion. The flow parameters investigated included the LA velocities, Time Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI), Relative Residence Time (RRT), and Pressure in the LA. RESULTS: This study shows that, on average, a decrease in TAWSS (1.82 ± 1.85 Pa to 1.27 ± 0.96 Pa, p < 0.05) and a slight increase in OSI (0.16 ± 0.10 to 0.17 ± 0.10, p < 0.05), RRT (1.87 ± 1.84 Pa-1 to 2.11 ± 1.78 Pa-1, p < 0.05), and pressure (-19.2 ± 6.8 mmHg to -15.3 ± 8.3 mmHg, p < 0.05) were observed in the LA after the exclusion of the LAA, with a decrease in low-magnitude velocities. CONCLUSION: The exclusion of the LAA seems to be associated with changes in LA flow dynamics. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical implications of these changes.

Performance of Purpose-Built vs Off-Label Transcatheter Devices for Aortic Regurgitation: The PURPOSE Study.

BACKGROUND: Severe pure aortic regurgitation (AR) carries a high mortality and morbidity risk, and it is often undertreated because of the inherent surgical risk. Transcatheter heart valves (THVs) have been used off-label in this setting with overall suboptimal results. The dedicated "purpose-built" Jena Valve Trilogy (JVT, JenaValve Technology) showed an encouraging performance, although it has never been compared to other THVs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess the performance of the latest iteration of THVs used off-label in comparison to the purpose-built JVT in inoperable patients with severe AR. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, retrospective registry with 18 participating centers worldwide collecting data on inoperable patients with severe AR of the native valve. A bicuspid aortic valve was the main exclusion criterion. The primary endpoints were technical and device success, 1-year all-cause mortality, and the composite of 1-year mortality and the heart failure rehospitalization rate. RESULTS: Overall, 256 patients were enrolled. THVs used off-label were used in 168 cases (66%), whereas JVT was used in 88 (34%). JVT had higher technical (81% vs 98%; P < 0.001) and device success rates (73% vs 95%; P < 0.001), primarily driven by significantly lower incidences of THV embolization (15% vs 1.1%; P < 0.001), the need for a second valve (11% vs 1.1%; P = 0.004), and moderate residual AR (10% vs 1.1%; P = 0.007). The permanent pacemaker implantation rate was comparable and elevated for both groups (22% vs 24%; P = 0.70). Finally, no significant difference was observed at the 1-year follow-up in terms of mortality (HR: 0.99; P = 0.980) and the composite endpoint (HR: 1.5; P = 0.355). CONCLUSIONS: The JVT platform has a better acute performance than other THVs when used off-label for inoperable patients with severe AR. A longer follow-up is conceivably needed to detect a possible impact on prognosis.

Burden of hospitalization during the first year following transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations are a major burden for both patients and society but are potentially preventable. We examined the one-year hospitalization burden in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and compared hospitalization rates and patterns with those undergoing isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). METHODS: Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients who underwent first-time TAVR and isolated SAVR (2008-2019), respectively. Subsequent hospitalizations were classified as cardiovascular or noncardiovascular according to discharge diagnosis codes. RESULTS: Patients undergoing TAVR (N = 4,921) were older and had more comorbidities than those undergoing SAVR (N = 5,220). There were 5,725 and 4,426 hospitalizations within the first year after discharge in the TAVR and SAVR group, respectively. During the one-year follow-up period post-TAVR, 46.6% were not admitted, 25.4% were admitted once, 12.6% twice, and 15.4% 3 times or more. The corresponding proportions in patients undergoing SAVR were 55.3%, 25.1%, 10.0%, and 9.5%, respectively. Among patients with ≥1 hospitalization following TAVR, 50.3% had a total length of all hospital stays between 1 and 7days, 19.0% 8-14days, 18.0% 15-30days, 9.9% 31-60days, and 2.8% ≥61days. The corresponding proportions for patients undergoing SAVR were 58.6%, 17.2%, 13.1%, 7.4%, and 3.7%, respectively. Compared with patients undergoing SAVR, those undergoing TAVR had a lower early (day0-30: HR 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.98]), but a higher late hospitalization rate (day 31-365: 1.46 [1.32-1.60]). CONCLUSIONS: The 1-year hospitalization burden following TAVR is substantial. Compared with patients undergoing isolated SAVR, those undergoing TAVR had a lower early, but a higher late hospitalization rate - a difference that likely reflects unmeasured differences in the patient cohorts.

Impact of leaflet splitting on coronary access after redo-TAVI for degenerated supra-annular self-expanding platforms.

BACKGROUND: Coronary access (CA) is a major concern in redo-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for failing supra-annular self-expanding transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs). AIMS: This ex vivo study evaluated the benefit of leaflet splitting (LS) on subsequent CA after redo-TAVI in anatomies deemed at high risk of unfeasible CA. METHODS: Ex vivo, patient-specific models were printed three-dimensionally. Index TAVI was performed using ACURATE neo2 or Evolut PRO (TAV-1) at the standard implant depth and with different degrees of commissural misalignment (CMA). Redo-TAVI was performed using the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 Ultra (TAV-2) at different implant depths with commissural alignment. Selective CA was attempted for each configuration before and after LS in a pulsatile flow simulator. The leaflet splay area was assessed on the bench. RESULTS: In matched comparisons of 128 coronary cannulations across 64 redo-TAVI configurations, the overall feasibility of CA significantly increased after LS (60.9% vs 18.7%; p<0.001). The effect of LS varied according to the sinotubular junction height, TAV-1 design, TAV-1 CMA, and TAV-2 implant depth, given TAV-2 alignment. LS enabled CA for up to CMA 45° with the ACURATE neo2 TAV-1 and up to CMA 30° with the Evolut PRO TAV-1. The combination of LS and a low TAV-2 implant provided the highest feasibility of CA after redo-TAVI. The leaflet splay area ranged from 25.60 mm2 to 37.86 mm2 depending on the TAV-1 platform and TAV-2 implant depth. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk anatomies, LS significantly improves CA feasibility after redo-TAVI for degenerated supra-annular self-expanding platforms. Decisions on redo-TAVI feasibility should be carefully individualised, taking into account the expected benefit of LS on CA for each scenario.

Characterization and Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Background/Objectives: To date, data regarding the characteristics and management of obstructive, stable coronary artery disease (CAD) encountered in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are sparse. The aim of the study was to analyze granular details, treatment, and outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive, stable CAD from real-world practice. Methods: REVASC-TAVI (Management of myocardial REVASCularization in patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with coronary artery disease) is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry, which collected data from patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive stable CAD found during the pre-TAVI work-up. Results: A total of 2025 patients from 30 centers worldwide with complete follow-up were included in the registry. Most patients had single-vessel CAD (56.1%). An involvement of proximal coronary tracts was detected in 62.5% of cases, with 12.0% of patients having CAD in left main (LM). Most patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n = 1617, 79.9%), especially those with proximal CAD (90.4%). At 2 years, the rates of all-cause death [Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates 20.1% vs. 18.8%, plog-rank = 0.86] and of the composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization for heart failure (KM estimates 29.7% vs. 27.5%, plog-rank = 0.82) did not differ between patients undergoing PCI and those who were not. Conclusions: Patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive CAD more commonly had a single-vessel disease and an involvement of proximal coronary tracts. They were commonly treated with PCI, with similar outcomes compared to those treated conservatively.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients With Anticoagulation Failure vs Anticoagulation Contraindication.

BACKGROUND: Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides mechanical cardioembolic protection for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who cannot use oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT). Patients with a thrombotic event despite OAT are at high risk for recurrence and may also benefit from LAAO. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the efficacy of LAAO in AF patients with a thrombotic event on OAT compared to: 1) LAAO in AF patients with a contraindication for OAT; and 2) historical data. METHODS: The international LAAO after stroke despite oral anticoagulation (STR-OAC LAAO) collaboration included patients who underwent LAAO because of thrombotic events on OAT. This cohort underwent propensity score matching and was compared to the EWOLUTION (Evaluating Real-Life Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Technology) registry, which represents patients who underwent LAAO because of OAT contraindications. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. Event rates were compared between cohorts and with historical data without OAT, yielding relative risk reductions based on risk scores. RESULTS: Analysis of 438 matched pairs revealed no significant difference in the ischemic stroke rate between the STR-OAC LAAO and EWOLUTION cohorts (2.5% vs 1.9%; HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.72-2.61). STR-OAC LAAO patients exhibited a higher thromboembolic risk (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04-2.83) but lower bleeding risk (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.88) compared to EWOLUTION patients. The mortality rate was slightly higher in EWOLUTION (4.3% vs 6.9%; log-rank P = 0.028). Relative risk reductions for ischemic stroke were 70% and 78% in STR-OAC LAAO and EWOLUTION, respectively, compared to historical data without OAT. CONCLUSIONS: LAAO in patients with a thrombotic event on OAT demonstrated comparable stroke rates to the OAT contraindicated population in EWOLUTION. The thromboembolic event rate was higher and the bleeding rate lower, reflecting the intrinsically different risk profile of both populations. Until randomized trials are available, LAAO may be considered in patients with an ischemic event on OAT.

Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Paravalvular Regurgitation After TAVR in Sievers Type 1 Bicuspid Aortic Valves.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis is technically challenging and is burdened by an increased risk of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of PVR after TAVR in Sievers type 1 BAV stenosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with Sievers type 1 BAV stenosis undergoing TAVR with current-generation transcatheter heart valves (THVs) in 24 international centers were enrolled. PVR was graded as none/trace, mild, moderate, and severe according to echocardiographic criteria. The endpoint of major adverse events (MAEs), defined as a composite of all-cause death, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure, was assessed at the last available follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 946 patients were enrolled. PVR occurred in 423 patients (44.7%)-mild, moderate, and severe in 387 (40.9%), 32 (3.4%), and 4 (0.4%) patients, respectively. Independent predictors of moderate or severe PVR were a larger virtual raphe ring perimeter (adjusted OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), severe annular or left ventricular outflow tract calcification (adjusted OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 1.45-18.77), a self-expanding valve (adjusted OR: 9.01; 95% CI: 2.09-38.86), and intentional supra-annular THV positioning (adjusted OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.04-10.54). At a median follow-up of 1.3 years (Q1-Q3: 0.5-2.4 years), moderate or severe PVR was associated with an increased risk of MAEs (adjusted HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.24-5.09). CONCLUSIONS: After TAVR with current-generation THVs in Sievers type 1 BAV stenosis, moderate or severe PVR occurred in about 4% of cases and was associated with an increased risk of MAEs during follow-up.

Commissural alignment and the ACURATE neo2 transcatheter aortic valve: Impact on valve performance.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly being used to treat severe aortic stenosis in younger patients. Accordingly, lifetime management regarding future reintervention and coronary access is a concern. AIMS: To assess the impact of commissural alignment on ACURATE neo2 transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) performance. METHODS: COMALIGN-neo2 was an observational, retrospective study enrolling consecutive TAVR patients treated with the ACURATE neo2 (October 2021 to October 2022). The degree of commissural (mis)-alignment (CMA) with the native aortic valve commissures was determined and transvalvular gradient, effective orifice area, patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM), and aortic regurgitation (AR) were assessed. RESULTS: Among 825 patients, the mean age was 80.7 years and 42% were female. Commissural alignment was achieved in 60% of cases; mild (26%), moderate (9%), and severe misalignment (5%) were found less often. Severe PPM occurred more frequently in patients with severe CMA (14.7%) compared to aligned valves (p = 0.034). By multivariate analysis, severe CMA (odds ratio [OR]: 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09-8.90]; p = 0.033) and lack of postdilatation (OR: 3.85, [1.33-11.1]; p = 0.012) were associated with severe PPM. Higher rates of ≥mild AR (51.4%) were found in TAVs implanted with severe CMA compared to aligned (34.3%), mildly (38.1%) or moderately (36.0%) misaligned TAVs (p = 0.030). Multivariate analysis identified severe CMA (OR: 2.05, [1.05-4.02]; p = 0.037) to be an independent predictor of ≥mild AR. CONCLUSIONS: COMALIGN-neo2 is the largest study to date assessing the impact of commissural alignment on acute TAV performance. Severe CMA with the ACURATE neo2 platform was associated with worse valve hemodynamics and increased risk for mild AR.

N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation and relationship with long-term outcomes.

Background: Blood levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been suggested as a future guidance tool for the selection of patients for aortic valve replacement. This study aimed to examine how levels of NT-proBNP pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with one-year rates of heart failure (HF) admission and mortality following TAVI. Methods: With Danish nationwide registries, we identified all patients undergoing TAVI from 2014 to 2021 who had at least one recorded NT-pro-BNP measurement within one year before TAVI. Patients were compared by quartiles of pre-TAVI NT-proBNP: quartile 4 (high NT-proBNP group) vs quartile 1-3 (low NT-proBNP group). Comparisons of all-cause mortality and HF-admissions were conducted using Kaplan-Meier analysis, cumulative incidence, and Cox analysis, as appropriate. Results: We identified 1,140 patients undergoing first-time TAVI with a recorded NT-pro-BNP; 846 (74.2 %) with a low NT-proBNP (<420 pmol/L) (55.0 % male, median age 81 year) and 294 (25.8 %) with a high NT-proBNP (≥420 pmol/L) (53.1 % male, median age 82 year). A high versus low NT-proBNP was associated with increased one-year cumulative incidence of HF-admissions (9.1 % vs. 23.1 %, adjusted HR 2.00 [95 % CI, 1.40-2.85]) and all-cause mortality (6.0 % vs. 14.6 %, adjusted HR 1.95 [95 % CI: 1.24-3.07]). A high NT-proBNP was associated with higher rates of outcomes irrespective of previously known atrial fibrillation, HF, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Conclusion: In patients undergoing TAVI, a baseline NT-proBNP ≥ 420 pmol/L was associated with increased one-year rates of HF-admission and mortality post-TAVI and may be utilized to identify a high-risk population.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Low-Risk Tricuspid or Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: The NOTION-2 Trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the first choice to treat older patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). This study aimed to compare TAVI with surgery in low-risk patients ≤ 75 years of age, including both tricuspid and bicuspid AS. METHODS: The NOTION-2 trial enrolled and 1:1 randomized low-risk patients aged ≤ 75 years with severe symptomatic AS to TAVI or surgery. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, stroke or rehospitalization (related to the procedure, valve or heart failure) at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 370 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 71.1 years and a median Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score of 1.1%. A total of 100 patients had bicuspid AS. The 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.2% in the TAVI group and 7.1% in the surgery group (absolute risk difference 3.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.7% to 8.8%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7 to 2.9; p=0.3). Patients with TAVI, when compared to surgery, had lower risk of major bleeding and new-onset atrial fibrillation and higher risk of non-disabling stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation and moderate-or-greater paravalvular regurgitation. The risk of the primary composite endpoint was 8.7% and 8.3% in patients with tricuspid AS (HR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.5 to 2.3) and 14.3% and 3.9% in patients with bicuspid AS (HR 3.8, 95% CI: 0.8 to 18.5) treated with TAVI or surgery, respectively (P for interaction=0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Among low-risk patients aged ≤ 75 years with severe symptomatic AS, the rate of the composite of death, stroke, or rehospitalization at one year was similar between TAVI and surgery. TAVI outcomes in young bicuspid AS patients warrant caution and should be further investigated. (NOTION-2, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02825134).

Trends in percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion and 1-year mortality 2013-2021: A nationwide observational study.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant-related complications. Yet, real-life studies evaluating changes in patient characteristics and indications for LAAO remain scarce. METHODS: To evaluate changes in patient characteristics and indications for LAAO defined as 2-year history of intracerebral bleeding, any ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SE), any non-intracerebral bleeding, other indication, and 1-year mortality. All patients undergoing percutaneous LAAO in Denmark from 2013 to 2021 were stratified into the following year groups: 2013-2015, 2016-2018, and 2019-2021. RESULTS: In total, 1465 patients underwent LAAO. Age remained stable (2013-2015: 74 years versus 2019-2021: 75 years). Patients' comorbidity burden declined, exemplified by CHA2DS2-VASc ≥4 and HAS-BLED ≥3 decreased from 56.7% and 63.7% in 2013-2015 to 40.3% and 45.8% in 2019-2021. Indications for LAAO changed over time with other indication comprising 44.7% in 2019-2021; up from 26.9% in 2013-2015. Conversely, fewer patients had an indication of any ischemic stroke/SE (2013-2015: 30.8% vs 2019-2021: 20.3%) or any non-intracerebral bleeding (2013-2015: 29.4% vs 2019-2021: 23.4%). 1-year mortality was 11.3% for any non-intracerebral bleeding and 6.2% for other indication. CONCLUSION: The LAAO patient-profile has changed considerably. Age remained stable, while comorbidity burden decreased during the period 2013-2021. LAAO is increasingly used in patients with no clinical event history and mortality differs according to indication. Selection of patients to LAAO should be done carefully, and contemporary real-life studies investigating clinical practice could add important insights.

Extent of cardiac damage and hospitalization burden in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac damage has gained increasing attention as a valid prognostic marker of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, studies investigating the possible association between cardiac damage and hospitalization burden in TAVR patients are lacking. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the impact of baseline cardiac damage on the hospitalization burden before, during, and after TAVR in an all-comers population. METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between 2016 and 2020 were included. Electronic medical records of all patients were examined to validate cardiovascular (CV) and heart failure (HF) related hospitalizations from 6 months before to 1 year after TAVR. Baseline cardiac damage was defined according to the staging classification by Généreux et al. RESULTS: Among 1397 TAVR patients, 94 (6.7%) had stage 0, 368 (26.4%) stage 1, 736 (52.7%) stage 2, 115 (8.2%) stage 3, and 84 (6.0%) stage 4 cardiac damage. Patients with more advanced cardiac damage at baseline had more HF hospitalizations within 6 months before TAVR (p < 0.01) and with a longer length of stay (LoS) (p < 0.01). Regarding the index TAVR admission, there was no difference in procedure time (p = 0.26) or LoS (p = 0.18) between groups. Still, TAVR patients with more advanced baseline cardiac damage had a higher risk of CV and HF rehospitalization after TAVR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline cardiac damage in patients undergoing TAVR has an impact on the pre- and post-procedural cardiovascular hospitalization burden. However, the cardiac damage status does not affect the TAVR procedure time or index TAVR admission length of stay.

Outcomes and predictors of left ventricle recovery in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND: Data on the likelihood of left ventricle (LV) recovery in patients with severe LV dysfunction and severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and its prognostic value are limited. AIMS: We aimed to assess the likelihood of LV recovery following TAVI, examine its association with midterm mortality, and identify independent predictors of LV function. METHODS: In our multicentre registry of 17 TAVI centres in Western Europe and Israel, patients were stratified by baseline LV function (ejection fraction [EF] >/≤30%) and LV response: no LV recovery, LV recovery (EF increase ≥10%), and LV normalisation (EF ≥50% post-TAVI). RESULTS: Our analysis included 10,872 patients; baseline EF was ≤30% in 914 (8.4%) patients and >30% in 9,958 (91.6%) patients. The LV recovered in 544 (59.5%) patients, including 244 (26.7%) patients whose LV function normalised completely (EF >50%). Three-year mortality for patients without severe LV dysfunction at baseline was 29.4%. Compared to this, no LV recovery was associated with a significant increase in mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.32; p<0.001). Patients with similar LV function post-TAVI had similar rates of 3-year mortality, regardless of their baseline LV function. Three variables were associated with a higher likelihood of LV recovery following TAVI: no previous myocardial infarction (MI), estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min, and mean aortic valve gradient (mAVG) (expressed either as a continuous variable or as a binary variable using the standard low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis [AS] definition). CONCLUSIONS: LV recovery following TAVI and the extent of this recovery are major determinants of midterm mortality in patients with severe AS and severe LV dysfunction undergoing TAVI. Patients with no previous MI and those with an mAVG >40 mmHg show the best results following TAVI, which are at least equivalent to those for patients without severe LV dysfunction. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04031274).