Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Pediatric In-Patients with Dengue Fever: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric symptoms have been reported in adult patients with dengue fever (DF); however, information on pediatric patients remains inadequate. We sought to identify the prevalence and predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and identify other psychiatric symptoms among pediatric patients with DF. This case-control study involved pediatric in-patients (n = 225) who had clinical or serologic-confirmed DF and healthy school-based controls (n = 260). Participants completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive (13.3%) and anxiety (34.2%) symptoms among pediatric patients with DF was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that among controls (3.5% and 16.2%, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis found that age, family history of DF, ≤2 days of hospitalization, myalgia, and arthralgia were predictors of increased depressive and anxiety symptoms among the patients. Further, 26.7% of pediatric patients reported irritability, agitation, visual hallucinations, and aggressiveness. CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients present depressive and anxiety symptoms whose levels were associated with social and clinical factors. However, whether these symptoms are present only during the infection or may still persist after recovery or are brought by children's adverse reactions to hospitalization are unknown, and thus, further studies are needed.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Dengue Fever among Pediatric and Adult In-Patients in Metro Manila, Philippines.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of in-patients with dengue fever (DF) through hospital-based surveillance has not been done. This study aimed to assess and compare the KAP, identify its predictors, correlation, and protective factors among pediatric and adult patients with DF and community-based controls to structure proactive community-wide DF prevention and control programs. METHODS: This case-control study involved clinically or serologically confirmed patients (pediatrics n = 233; adults n = 17) with DF admitted in three public hospitals and community-based controls in Metro Manila, Philippines. A pretested structured KAP questionnaire was administered to participants to assess their KAP. RESULTS: Pediatric and adult patients had significantly lower mean scores in the practice (p < 0.001) domain compared with the pediatric and adult controls. Being in senior high school, having had days in hospital, and rash were predictors of KAP among pediatric patients. Knowledge and attitude of patients with DF did not correlate with their practices against DF. Use of mosquito-eating fish, screen windows, and dengue vaccine were protective factors against DF. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of behavioral change for knowledge and attitude to have significant effect to practices against DF. Thus, we recommend two comprehensive health programs, Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) and Health Belief Model (HBM).

Predictive diagnostic value of the tourniquet test and correlation of laboratory profile for the diagnosis of dengue infection among patients

INTRODUCTION: Tourniquet test has been widely used locally and internationally as the cheapest, fastest and most efficient way of diagnosing dengue infection. This is so efficient that the World Health Organization has been active in promoting this as a diagnostic tool for tropical countries like the Philippines.OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the tourniquet test in the diagnosis of dengue infection among patients agedMETHODOLOGY: The retrospective research design was utilized. These variables were included: the socio-demographic and clinical variables as to the patients' age, gender, body mass index and the presence of co-morbid conditions, clinical manifestations (duration of fever, headache, abdominal pain, rashes and bleeding episodes, hemoglobin level, WBC, Platelets, NS1, IgG, IgM and Hematocri values). Once these were noted, the researcher coded the results. Coding was done in Microsoft Excel.RESULTS: Patients were mostly in the 12 to 17 years age group, males (54.1%), in the normal weight category (88.1%) and had no co-morbid conditions (77.1%). Clinical manifestations of dengue included fever of ? 4 days (56%); abdominal pain (61.5%); and gum bleeding (56.4%). As regards laboratory profile of patients, low hemoglobin levels were observed (77.5%); low WBC count (78.9%); low platelet counts (100%); positive for NS1 (71.1%); positive for Immunoglobulin G (82.6%) and Immunoglobulin M (85.3%). There was a 65% accuracy of cases when tourniquet test was performed among patients with dengue. There was a strong correlation between dengue infection and WBC (r=0.915; p=0.028); platelets (r=0.663; p=0.003); hematocrit (r=0.57; pCONCLUSIONS: The dengue infection was found mostly to be in the 12 to 17 years of age; predominantly males. BMI was not found to be significant factor for dengue infection since most cases were in the normal weight category. Clinical presentations of dengue infection commonly observed in this research were fever with a duration of 4 days and above, headache, abdominal pain and gum bleeding. Majority had abnormal levels of hemoglobin, low WBC, and low platelet count. Biomarkers for dengue infection noted in the study were positive NS1, presence of IgG and IgM. Tourniquet test yielded 655 accuracy if the number of petechiae cases is considered. This could indicate that as an initial tool foe diagnostics, presence of it could be considered for dengue infection. Strong correlation with tourniquet test, and laboratory parameters like WBC, platelets, hematocrit, NS1, IgG and IgM were found which are indicative that these variables have strong association to possible infection of dengue. Any abnormalities found within these laboratory parameters must be considered for dengue evaluation.