Erratum to "Couples' experiences of pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies: A qualitative meta-synthesis", international journal of nursing studies advances 4 (2022) article number: 100059.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100059.].

Corrigendum to 'Couples' experiences of pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies: A qualitative meta-synthesis', International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances (2022) Article Number: 100059.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100059.].

Perceptions of Urban Father Support in Early Parenthood: A Critical Incident Analysis.

Becoming a father is a common transitional event, however men are often not adequately prepared for their fathering role. The United States (U.S.) health care system does little to support fathers' parenting needs during the postnatal and infancy period. Moreover, father's support needs are often perceived as secondary to the mother's needs in the maternal-child system. It is important that fathers' social support needs be investigated in the first year of his newborn's life, especially in diverse populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the social support needs of urban, African American fathers during early parenthood. Using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), a descriptive, qualitative design was used to interview 35 fathers about their social support at 2-12 months after the birth of their baby. Using a semi-structured interview guide, fathers were asked to describe helpful and unhelpful events they experienced since the birth of their baby. Fathers reported 36 helpful events and 32 unhelpful events for an overall total of 68 events. Data was analyzed using House's Social Support Theory and the four social support categories: instrumental, informational, emotional, and appraisal. Using the CIT, main categories and subcategories were developed. The helpful categories included: 1) Helping father with infant care, 2) Providing information on infant care, 3) Receiving HCP assistance, 4) Managing relationships, and 5) Becoming a father. The unhelpful categories included: 1) Receiving unhelpful assistance, 2) Receiving unreliable or unwanted assistance, 3) Offering bad advice, 4) Conflicting relationships, 5) Conflicts with friends, 6) Unsatisfying HCP experience, and 7) Receiving no support from family/organizations. The results of the study validated House's Social Support Theory and served as an excellent framework for exploring social support needs in fathers. More research needs to be conducted on the social support needs of fathers during the first year of their infants' lives, especially with experienced African American fathers and nonresidential fathers, and how health care professionals (HCPs), specifically postnatal and child health nurses, can better support fathers during the infancy period.

Family Functioning and the Pandemic: How Do Parental Perceived Social Support and Mental Health Contribute to Family Health?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and the quarantine measures implemented have profoundly impacted parents and families. The stress and uncertainty generated by the COVID-19 virus, as well as the disruption of routines and social relationships, have weakened both individual and family health and functioning. OBJECTIVE: The present research is part of a larger study that aims to understand, with a family systems theory, the longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-aged children, adolescents, and their parents. More specifically, this paper aims to investigate parents' experience of the first months of the pandemic as a predictor of perceived social support, parental ill-being (aggregate score of well-established poor psychological functioning indicators), parental satisfaction, and family functioning. METHOD: During the first lockdown (April-May 2020), 203 parents of school-aged children living in Quebec completed an online questionnaire. RESULTS: Path analysis indicates that the impact of COVID-19 and health preoccupation due to COVID-19 are both positively associated with individual parental ill-being, which in turn detracts from family functioning and parental satisfaction. Furthermore, perceptions about positive effects of the pandemic are negatively associated with parental ill-being, and positively with perceived social support, which in turn significantly contributes to family functioning and parental satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of adopting a systemic perspective to best understand the effects of the pandemic and the social and health measures on individuals, families, and systems, as well as to better support parents and family health through periods of uncertainty.

Compassionate Care for Parents Experiencing Miscarriage in the Emergency Department: A Situation-Specific Theory.

In many countries, parents experiencing miscarriage seek treatment in the emergency department (ED). Parents frequently report dissatisfaction with ED care, while nurses report not knowing how to provide optimal care. This article describes the development of a situation-specific theory, Compassionate care for parents experiencing miscarriage in the ED , based on 4 concepts (change trigger, transition properties, conditions of change, and interventions). This theory evolved from a comprehensive review of the literature, 2 empirical studies, Transitions Theory, and collaborative efforts of an experienced team. The detailed theory development process facilitates its integration in practice and supports new theory development.

The role of perceived social support on pregnant women's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed at investigating which sources of social support best account for pregnant women's levels of psychological distress and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 274 Italian and Canadian expectant mothers completed an online-based survey including measures of perceived social support (from family, significant other and friends), state anxiety, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with life. Correlation analyses and amultivariate analysis of covariance were performed to explore how social support from different sources was related to depressive symptoms, state anxiety and satisfaction with life. RESULTS: Different sources of social support contributed to explaining women's psychological distress and mental well-being. Social support both from family and friends was significantly related to women's state anxiety and depressive symptoms. Social support from friends was specifically related to women's satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION: Our findings endorse the crucial role of perceived social support as a protective factor for pregnant women's mental health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that support from family seems important in preventing psychological distress, whereas support from friends is also associated with mental well-being. These results may help designing future interventions aimed at improving women's perinatal mental health in life-threatening conditions.

Bereaved parents' experience of support groups following perinatal bereavement: a thematic synthesis / L'expérience des parents endeuillés participant à des groupes de soutien après un deuil périnatal : une synthèse thématique

Support groups play an essential role in caring for parents experiencing perinatal death and bereavement. However, there is very little data on the effectiveness of these services on their well-being. To better understand the experience of bereaved parents using support group services, a qualitative systematic review was conducted using Thomas and Harden's method. Seven databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycARTICLES, Cairn, Érudit, and Repère) were searched in October 2017 with an update in June 2021. A total of 16 studies were included and critically evaluated. The thematic synthesis made it possible to generate four analytical themes to describe parents' experience according to the notion of spaces. The first theme refers to external space, i.e., the format of the support groups (virtual or face-to-face), and the other three themes reflect internal spaces, i.e., the functions of the groups (support, expression, and learning). This thematic synthesis confirms that participating in support groups benefits bereaved parents. It also offers possible solutions to improve the structure and accessibility of support groups.

Les groupes de soutien jouent un rôle essentiel dans les soins dispensés aux parents lors d'un deuil périnatal. Or il existe très peu de données à l'égard de l'efficacité de ces services sur leur bien-être. Pour mieux comprendre l'expérience des parents endeuillés utilisant les services de groupe de soutien, une revue systématique qualitative a été réalisée selon la méthode de Thomas et Harden. Sept bases de données (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsysARTICLES, Cairn, Érudit et Repère) ont été consultées en octobre 2017 avec une mise à jour en juin 2021. Au total, 16 études ont été incluses et évaluées de manière critique. La synthèse thématique a permis de générer quatre thèmes analytiques pour décrire l'expérience des parents selon la notion d'espaces. Le premier thème renvoie à l'espace externe, soit au format des groupes (virtuel ou en présentiel), et les trois autres thèmes reflètent les espaces internes, soit les fonctions des groupes (soutien, expression et apprentissage). Cette synthèse thématique confirme que la participation à des groupes de soutien apporte des bienfaits aux parents endeuillés. Elle offre également des pistes de solutions pour améliorer la structure et l'accessibilité des groupes de soutien.

Multicountry study protocol of COCOON: COntinuing Care in COVID-19 Outbreak global survey of New, expectant, and bereaved parent experiences.

INTRODUCTION: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the provision of healthcare and efficiency of healthcare systems and is likely to have profound implications for pregnant and postpartum women and their families including those who experience the tragedy of stillbirth or neonatal death. This study aims to understand the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and the experiences of parents who have accessed maternity, neonatal and bereavement care services during this time. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: An international, cross-sectional, online and/or telephone-based/face-to-face survey is being administered across 15 countries and available in 11 languages. New, expectant and bereaved parents during the COVID-19 pandemic will be recruited. Validated psychometric scales will be used to measure psychosocial well-being. Data will be analysed descriptively and by assessing multivariable associations of the outcomes with explanatory factors. In seven of these countries, bereaved parents will be recruited to a nested, qualitative interview study. The data will be analysed using a grounded theory analysis (for each country) and thematic framework analysis (for intercountry comparison) to gain further insights into their experiences. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval for the multicountry online survey, COCOON, has been granted by the Mater Misericordiae Human Research Ethics Committee in Australia (reference number: AM/MML/63526). Ethics approval for the nested qualitative interview study, PUDDLES, has been granted by the King's College London Biomedical & Health Sciences, Dentistry, Medicine and Natural & Mathematical Sciences Research Ethics Subcommittee (reference number: HR-19/20-19455) in the UK. Local ethics committee approvals were granted in participating countries where required. Results of the study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and through parent support organisations. Findings will contribute to our understanding of delivering maternity care services, particularly bereavement care, in high-income, lower middle-income and low-income countries during this or future health crises.

Couples' experiences of pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Background: Across the world, a growing number of couples are directly or indirectly affected by infertility. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies are now enabling many of them to plan to have a child. As pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technologies are being experienced by a growing number of couples, it is important to better understand their experiences and the difficulties they encounter during the prenatal period. Objective: This literature review aims to synthesize the qualitative results of primary studies in order to better understand couples' experiences of pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies, after having experienced infertility. Design: A meta-synthesis was conducted in accordance with the guidelines put forth by Sandelowski and Barroso in order to carry out an integrative analysis of the knowledge resulting from qualitative studies on this phenomenon. Data sources: The literature search was carried out between October and November 2020. Seven electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, Medline, PsycNet, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, CAIRN, ERUDIT) and 14 eligible articles were selected. Review methods: The data from the "results" and "findings" sections of each of the articles were synthesized through thematic analysis to examine and summarize the topics found in the articles selected and develop the main themes. Results: The thematic analysis is structured around four themes to describe and interpret different aspects of the experience of pregnancy resulting from ART, namely: 1) travelling a long and complex journey; 2) moving on with paradoxical emotions; 3) struggling with an emerging identity; and 4) reorganizing relationships. These results shed light on the complex issues faced by couples previously affected by infertility during a pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies. Conclusion: The journey of a pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies must be recognized in order to offer support in line with the challenges faced by couples. This research will allow for a deeper understanding of women's experience, as well as that of their partner's, in a more specific way, and to better understand the impact on family and loved ones.

[Understanding the lived experiences of undergraduate nursing students during a mental health practicum. An interpretive phenomenological analysis]. / Analyse phénoménologique interprétative du vécu expérientiel des étudiantes au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières lors d'un stage en santé mentale. Comprendre pour mieux former.

In a global context where populations' mental health needs are growing rapidly, recruiting the next generation of nurses to work in these care settings is particularly problematic. Because of their negative views on mental health issues, nursing students reject such a career path. According to the literature, training programs, particularly clinical immersions, are the main way of mitigating the unpopularity of mental health care among this new generation of nurses. Through an interpretive phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with eleven undergraduate nursing students, this research studied their learning experience during a clinical immersion in mental health care. Anchored in Parse's humanbecoming theory, this study explores the meaning that students attribute to such an experience, the experiential negotiation processes of the practicum setting, and the participants' ability to project themselves beyond the learning experience itself. These results raise various issues related to mental health nursing education, such as the importance of having a nursing role model, as well as various influencing factors related to the rejection of a career in mental health care by the next generation, such as the perception that working in these care settings involves an increased risk of aggression.

Workplace experience of parents coping with perinatal loss: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal loss affects many parents in the workforce. Yet, current knowledge about their workplace experience while facing this difficult event is sparse. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review and synthesize the extent of scientific literature on the specific experiences of workers coping with perinatal loss and the resulting bereavement. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out using eight different databases. A total of 15 references, all using a qualitative methodology, were identified. RESULTS: Most of the references focused on the experience of mothers and on late perinatal loss (from the 20th week of pregnancy). All references highlighted the taboo and the non-recognition of perinatal grief and bereavement in both organizational practices and interpersonal relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisors. They also emphasized the difficulties associated with returning to work after the loss and the significant changes in the meaning attributed to work. CONCLUSIONS: While the studies included in this review clearly indicate that perinatal loss can affect working life, larger, quantitative studies are needed to quantify this phenomenon and its impact on employees and their organizations.

Using a logic model to develop an intervention for improving miscarriage care in the emergency department.

Miscarriage is the most common pregnancy-related complication and is frequently treated at the emergency department (ED). Parents have expressed dissatisfaction with the care they received at the ED and few interventions have been developed for improving miscarriage care. When planning an intervention, it is crucial to develop a program theory specifying what must be done for an intervention to achieve its objectives. The purpose of this paper is to describe the logic model process for developing an intervention intended to improve parents' miscarriage experience at the ED. The six steps of W. K. Kellogg Foundation (2004) theory logic model were used to 1) describe the problem; 2) conduct a needs assessment; and to identify 3) expected results, 4) influential factors, 5) intervention strategies, and 6) assumptions related to change strategies. A community-based participatory approach was used. It included two planning groups: parents who had visited the ED for a miscarriage (N = 9) and health professionals (N = 8). The theory logic model provided a rigorous framework for intervention development based on theories, scientific evidence, and the experiences of parents and health professionals. Detailed description of the intervention should facilitate its implementation, evaluation, and replication for other health problems.

Understanding the spirituality of parents following stillbirth: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

This meta-synthesis aims to synthesize qualitative evidence from primary studies to better understand the experience of the spirituality of parents and its relationship to adapting following stillbirth. Five electronic databases were systematically searched and the quality of 21 eligible studies was critically appraised. A thematic synthesis revealed two analytical themes: (1) Spiritual suffering following stillbirth; (2) Moving through spirituality to adapt to the loss, each encompassing four descriptive themes. The findings can inform a more culturally and spiritually sensitive approach to care, taking into account the parents' beliefs, folk customs, religion, values, and spiritual needs.

Analyse phénoménologique interprétative du vécu expérientiel des étudiantes au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières lors d'un stage en santé mentale. Comprendre pour mieux former.

In a global context where populations' mental health needs are growing rapidly, recruiting the next generation of nurses to work in these care settings is particularly problematic. Because of their negative views on mental health issues, nursing students reject such a career path. According to the literature, training programs, particularly clinical immersions, are the main way of mitigating the unpopularity of mental health care among this new generation of nurses. Through an interpretive phenomenological analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with eleven undergraduate nursing students, this research studied their learning experience during a clinical immersion in mental health care. Anchored in Parse's humanbecoming theory, this study explores the meaning that students attribute to such an experience, the experiential negotiation processes of the practicum setting, and the participants' ability to project themselves beyond the learning experience itself. These results raise various issues related to mental health nursing education, such as the importance of having a nursing role model, as well as various influencing factors related to the rejection of a career in mental health care by the next generation, such as the perception that working in these care settings involves an increased risk of aggression.

[The unpopularity of mental health/psychiatry care settings among nursing students: A systematic review]. / Exploration de l'impopularité des milieux de santé mentale/psychiatrie auprès de la relève infirmière : une revue systématique des écrits.

In every population and country around the world, mental health needs are great and are on the rise. Through their training and their vast field of expertise, nurses are an important lever for addressing the issue of accessibility in these care settings. While the increase in the number of new nursing graduates should have helped this issue, recent data show a sharp increase in the shortage of nurses in these care settings. This systematic review (n=40) using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, and Scopus databases aims to explore why psychiatric and mental health care settings are unpopular with the next generation of nurses. Guided by Parse's theory, this review identifies three major themes : (1) nursing students' perspectives on mental health issues, (2) the influences of educational interventions on these perspectives, and (3) the factors facilitating and constraining a career in these care settings for new nursing graduates. These results enable a better understanding of what can affect the recruitment of new graduate nurses in mental health/psychiatry, while proposing various levers of intervention to specifically address this issue.

The Experiences of Bereaved Parents After the Loss of a Child to Cancer: A Qualitative Metasynthesis.

This study aims to synthesize qualitative evidence about the bereavement experience of parents following the death of a child due to cancer. A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted from searching five databases. The search identified 650 articles that were independently assessed by two reviewers. Thirty-one articles were selected for full-text reading and assessed for eligibility; a total of 14 articles were included in the final sample and submitted to quality appraisal. The software NVivo® was used to organize the data and support the thematic analysis procedures. Two analytical themes were constructed: (1) losing a child and facing a rupture in identity and sense of life and (2) surviving grief and reengaging in life. The grief process was dynamic, continuous, and begun before the death of the child. Fathers and mothers reacted differently to the loss and experience of grief. The loss of a child definitively changed the parents' life and caused identity crisis and loss of life's purpose. During the process of survival, parents constructed new meanings that helped them cope with grief; they used strategies that allowed them to recover their sense of purpose in life. Synthesizing the experience of bereaved parents is essential to improve the support families of children with advanced cancer receive to better cope with their suffering and loss, before and after the child's death.

Providing Psychological and Emotional Support After Perinatal Loss: Protocol for a Virtual Reality-Based Intervention.

The loss of an infant during the perinatal period has been recognized as a complex and potentially traumatic life event and can have a significant impact on women's mental health. However, often times, psychological aftercare is typically not offered, and manualized interventions are rarely used in clinical care practice and have seldom been evaluated. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventions to facilitate the expression and coping with emotions linked to a traumatic event. The objective of the proposed paper is to present the protocol of a randomized control trial aimed to assess a novel VR-based intervention for mothers who experienced a perinatal loss. We hypothesize that the VR-based intervention group will show significantly reduced symptoms related to grief, postnatal depression and general psychopathology after treatment relative to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group. Participants would be randomly assigned to the TAU + VR or to the VR + TAU condition. The TAU condition as well as the VR-based intervention will last 3 weeks, after which women will complete a post-assessment. The proposed VR-based intervention will consist in three weekly sessions focused, respectively on: (1) collect information about the loss and psychoeducation about perinatal grief, and introduction to the virtual environment; (2) through the use of the virtual environment, women will be assisted in the elaboration and acceptation of loss; (3) recreate, using the specific features of the virtual environment a positive metaphor representing woman's future life. VR has proved to be a valid intervention tool in clinical psychology, and in the last years VR technologies have become more affordable to be used in clinical practice. With the present study we propose to answer to the unquestionable need for interventions addressed to ameliorate the emotional effects in women who experienced perinatal loss, by exploiting also the therapeutic opportunities offered by a new technology as VR.

Assessing the impacts of an interdisciplinary programme supporting father involvement on professionals' practices with fathers: A qualitative study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the impacts of the Father-Friendly Initiative within Families (FFIF) programme, an interdisciplinary programme supporting father involvement, on health professionals' practices with fathers. BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognised that father involvement benefits children's cognitive and social development and contributes to both parents' well-being. Recent research has shown health professionals' support to be a protective factor in father involvement. Research results were translated into practice through the implementation of a programme, the FFIF, aimed at empowering health professionals to support father involvement. DESIGN: The study employed a qualitative impact assessment approach based on semi-structured interviews with 36 health professionals to assess the impacts of the FFIF on professionals' practices with fathers. METHODS: A total of 36 health professionals were interviewed (13 nurses, 10 social workers, six community workers, three educators, two psychoeducators, one health manager, and one special education teacher). Interviews were transcribed, and a qualitative thematic analysis was carried out. This study is presented in line with COREQ's checklist. RESULTS: Impacts of the FFIF on health professionals were seen in changes on three fronts: (a1) their beliefs; (b) their conception of their role; and (c) their interventions. These changes related to three themes: (a) difficulties experienced by fathers; (b) importance of father involvement; and (c) differences between fathers and mothers. The professionals, having realised the importance of their own role in improving the services offered to fathers, made concrete changes in their interventions, such as reaching out to fathers more effectively, encouraging their participation and treating them fairly and equitably. CONCLUSIONS: After attending this interdisciplinary programme supporting father involvement, participating professionals adopted father-friendly beliefs, redefined their conception of their role and modified their interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: To provide family-centred care, nurses and other health professionals need to adopt father-inclusive practices.

Exploration de l'impopularité des milieux de santé mentale/psychiatrie auprès de la relève infirmière : une revue systématique des écrits.

In every population and country around the world, mental health needs are great and are on the rise. Through their training and their vast field of expertise, nurses are an important lever for addressing the issue of accessibility in these care settings. While the increase in the number of new nursing graduates should have helped this issue, recent data show a sharp increase in the shortage of nurses in these care settings. This systematic review (n=40) using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, and Scopus databases aims to explore why psychiatric and mental health care settings are unpopular with the next generation of nurses. Guided by Parse's theory, this review identifies three major themes : (1) nursing students' perspectives on mental health issues, (2) the influences of educational interventions on these perspectives, and (3) the factors facilitating and constraining a career in these care settings for new nursing graduates. These results enable a better understanding of what can affect the recruitment of new graduate nurses in mental health/psychiatry, while proposing various levers of intervention to specifically address this issue.

Exploring the needs of parents who experience miscarriage in the emergency department: A qualitative study with parents and nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To understand how parents experienced miscarriage in an emergency department setting. Objectives were to identify parents' needs, isolate factors that influenced their experience, and provide recommendations to improve care from the perspective of women, their partners, nurses and nurse managers. BACKGROUND: Miscarriage is the most prevalent complication encountered during pregnancy. It subjects parents to a multitude of emotions and may have significant consequences on mental health. Emergency department visits are frequently the only opportunity for parents to receive formal support during a miscarriage; it is thus crucial to understand the experiences of parents in this setting. DESIGN: The study employed a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. METHODS: The study was founded on the W.K. Kellogg Foundation's Logic Model Development Guide (2004) and Meleis' Transitions Theory (2015). A total of 26 participants were interviewed (17 parents, 7 emergency department nurses and 2 emergency department nurse managers). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used to report results. RESULTS: Three categories of needs were identified: physical health, cognitive and emotional. For instance, parents expressed a need to receive more information during their visit to the emergency department (i.e., a cognitive need), whether about the diagnostic test results or how to ensure a better recovery. Parents also reported a desire for professionals to address their emotional concerns. Nurses were aware of the emotional impact of miscarriage but felt that they were not adequately trained in providing optimal care to parents in this situation. CONCLUSIONS: Parents who visited the emergency department for miscarriage reported several unfulfilled needs that generated dissatisfaction with care. Emergency department organisational constraints hindered optimal nursing care practices. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses have an important role to play in improving parents' experience. They can do so by understanding the needs of parents and by being involved in developing new guidelines.