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Int J Infect Dis ; 143: 107018, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38522611

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV)-1 infection is endemic in many countries of Central and South America and Caribbean (CSA&C). Neither screening nor surveillance programs exist for HTLV-1/2 infection among pregnant women in this region. Neither in Western nations with large migrant flows from HTLV-1/2 endemic regions. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women. We included studies searching EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 15, 2023. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. RESULTS: We identified a total of 620 studies. Only 41 were finally included in the meta-analysis. Most studies (61.0%) were from Brazil and Peru (14.6%). The total number of participants was 343,707. The pooled prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women was 1.30% (95% CI: 0.96-1.69) using anti-HTLV-1/2 antibody screening tests. There was a high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.6%). Confirmatory tests gave an HTLV-1 infection rate of 1.02% (95% CI: 0.75-1.33). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women is 1.3%, most cases being HTLV-1. This rate is greater than for other microbial agents regularly checked as part of antenatal screening (such as HIV, hepatitis B, or syphilis). Thus, HTLV-1/2 antenatal testing should be mandatory among CSA&C pregnant women everywhere.


Subject(s)
HTLV-I Infections , HTLV-II Infections , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Humans , Pregnancy , Female , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , South America/epidemiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/immunology , Central America/epidemiology
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