[Translated article] Digital health for promoting adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS: A meta-review.

INTRODUCTION: Digital health or "e-health" is a set of applications based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) that can be used to promote self-care and medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of systematic reviews (meta-review) on efficacy studies of e-health interventions to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODOLOGY: A review of systematic reviews ("meta-review") was performed using the Medline-PubMed database on efficacy studies of e-health components to promote adherence to ART, in patients with HIV/AIDS, proposing a structured search strategy (PICO question). A selection process for systematic reviews was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, the corresponding data were extracted, and the analysis was accomplished in descriptive tables. RESULTS: A total of 29 systematic reviews were identified, from which 11 were selected. These reviews comprised 55 RCTs with different e-health interventions and enrolled a total of 15,311 HIV/AIDS patients. Studies included a total of 66 comparisons (experimental group vs. control group) in indirect adherence measurements based on different measurement techniques (36 statistically significant); 21 comparisons of viral load (VL) measurements (10 statistically significant); and 8 comparisons of CD4+ cell count measurements (3 statistically significant). m-Health was the most studied component followed by the telephone call and e-learning. CONCLUSION: Evidence was found that supports that some e-health interventions are effective in promoting adherence to ART and improving health outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS, although it is identified that more studies are needed for more robust evidence.

[Translated article] Validated questionnaires on medication adherence and associated factors in chronic patients: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify validated questionnaires to assess medication adherence, and its associated factors, in adult patients with chronic pathologies. METHOD: A systematic review of scientific publications that describe validated medication adherence questionnaires in PubMed and Scopus was carried out during May 2022. The search strategy combined the MeSH heading "Medication adherence" with the keywords: "Questionnaire" and "Validation"; adding "Spanish" to rescue questionnaires in our language. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or scientific articles with full text available in Spanish or English were selected; published from January 2000 to April 2022; that present the application and validation of a medication adherence questionnaire in adults with chronic pathologies; and publications of the initial validation of a questionnaire, recovered through bibliographic citations of the previously identified publications, even if they are prior to the year 2000. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to represent the search process, inclusion and exclusion of the retrieved publications. RESULTS: (97) records in PubMed and 3 adding "Spanish" were retrieved; in Scopus, 334 records were retrieved and 13 with "Spanish". 118 records were retrieved through bibliographic citations identification. From the analysis of the previous publications, 14 validated questionnaires were identified that assess medication adherence and are applied in English and/or Spanish in adult patients with chronic pathologies. For each questionnaire, the following characteristics were described: name, authors, year of publication, dimensions (barriers and facilitators factors), number and wording of the items, response scale, form of administration, language, and pathologies of the initial validation. Of the subsequent validations, only those carried out in English and/or Spanish were presented. So far, 6 questionnaires were validated in Spanish and only for certain chronic pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: (14) validated questionnaires were identified, 6 of them were validated in Spanish. They are designed to evaluate medication adherence in a comprehensive manner, being useful to be applied in hospital and community pharmaceutical services. This review provides health professionals with tools to develop and validate their own questionnaire, adapting the wording to the local language and context of the health system.

Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario ARMS-e en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Validity and reliability of the ARMS-e questionnaire in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Introducción: El cuestionario “Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale” (ARMS) se diseñó para medir adherencia al tratamiento. Fue traducido y adaptado al español, pero no se han evaluado sus propiedades psicométricas. El objetivo fue evaluar dichas propiedades en una población con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: El estudio se llevó a cabo en farmacias comunitarias de Granada (España) mediante entrevista. Se realizó un análisis factorial de componentes principales (AFCP) con rotación Varimax (validez de constructo), un análisis de concordancia (validez de criterio concurrente y fiabilidad por estabilidad temporal) y alfa de Cronbach y correlación ítem-total (fiabilidad por homogeneidad). Resultados: 107 pacientes entraron en el estudio. El 54,2 % (58) fueron hombres y la edad media fue 70,5 años (D.E.: 9,7). El AFCP extrajo 4 factores que explicaron el 57,49 % de la varianza total. El alfa de Cronbach= 0,428 y el test-retest κ= 0,627 (p > 0,001). Conclusiones: El ARMS-e no puede ser considerado una herramienta útil para medir la adherencia al tratamiento antidiabético oral en esta muestra. (AU)

Introduction: The Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale questionnaire (ARMS) was designed to measure ad-herence to treatment. It was translated and adapted into Spanish, but its psychometric properties have not been evaluated. The aim was to evaluate these properties in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study was carried out in community pharmacies in Granada (Spain) by interview. A principal compo-nent factor analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation (construct validity), a concordance analysis (concurrent criterion validity and reliability by temporal stability) and Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation (reliability by homo-geneity) were performed. Results: 107 patients entered the study. 54.2 % (58) were male and the mean age was 70.5 (SD: 9.7). The PCA extract-ed 4 factors that explained 57.49 % of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha= 0.428, and in the test-retest κ= 0.627 (p > 0.001). Conclusions: The ARMS-e cannot be considered a useful tool to measure adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment in this sample. (AU)

Validated medication adherence questionnaires and associated factors in chronic patients: Systematic review. / Cuestionarios validados de adherencia a la medicación y factores asociados en pacientes crónicos: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify validated questionnaires to assess medication adherence, and its associated factors, in adult patients with chronic pathologies. METHOD: A systematic review of scientific publications that describe validated medication adherence questionnaires in PubMed and Scopus was carried out during May 2022. The search strategy combined the MeSH Heading "Medication adherence" with the keywords: "Questionnaire" and "Validation"; adding "Spanish" to rescue questionnaires in our language. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses or scientific articles with full text available in Spanish or English were selected; published from January 2000 to April 2022; that present the application and validation of a medication adherence questionnaire in adults with chronic pathologies; and publications of the initial validation of a questionnaire, recovered through bibliographic citations of the previously identified publications, even if they are prior to the year 2000. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to represent the search process, inclusion and exclusion of the retrieved publications. RESULTS: Ninety-seven records in PubMed and 3 adding "Spanish" were retrieved; in Scopus, 334 records were retrieved and 13 with "Spanish". One hundred-eighteen records were retrieved through bibliographic citations identification. From the analysis of the previous publications, 14 validated questionnaires were identified that assess medication adherence and are applied in English and/or Spanish in adult patients with chronic pathologies. For each questionnaire, the following characteristics were described: name, authors, year of publication, dimensions (barriers and facilitators factors), number and wording of the items, response scale, form of administration, language and pathologies of the initial validation. Of the subsequent validations, only those carried out in English and/or Spanish were presented. So far, 6 questionnaires were validated in Spanish and only for certain chronic pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: 14 validated questionnaires were identified, 6 of them were validated in Spanish. They are designed to evaluate medication adherence in a comprehensive manner, being useful to be applied in hospital and community pharmaceutical services. This review provides health professionals with tools to develop and validate their own questionnaire, adapting the wording to the local language and context of the health system.

Identificación de factores determinantes de falta de adherencia a los antidiabéticos orales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Revisión sistemática

Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento antidiabético oral (ADO) en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se encuentra lejos de alcanzar las cifras deseables. Hay publicados multitud de trabajos que señalan factores que disminuyen la adherencia pero emplean distintas poblaciones y metodologías. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar y recopilar los factores que afectan a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento ADO en pacientes con DM2.Método: Las bases de datos utilizadas en la búsqueda bibliográfica fueron Medline (PubMed), Scopus, CINAHL y PsycINFO. Se consideraron estudios de casos-control, cohortes y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados realizados en per-sonas con DM2 y tratamiento ADO, donde se evaluaran factores determinantes de adherencia. El proceso de revi-sión fue realizado por dos investigadores de manera independiente en base a las recomendaciones Prisma.Resultados: De 11 publicaciones seleccionadas, dos fueron estudios de casos-control y nueve estudios de cohortes (siete retrospectivos). Las cifras de falta de adherencia oscilaron entre el 20,3-48 %. Resultaron factores asociados a la falta de adherencia a los ADOs: copago del paciente, dosis diaria de ADO, tipo de ADO prescrito, número de me-dicamentos prescritos, menor frecuencia de citas con el personal sanitario, niveles altos de HbA1C, depresión, sexo femenino, raza/etnia (distinta de la blanca), estado civil (distinto del matrimonio) y edad.Conclusiones: Desde un punto de vista clínico, es importante identificar qué factores de riesgo son modificables y así, los profesionales sanitarios podrán diseñar acciones para que los pacientes mejoren su adherencia al trata-miento ADO y el control de la DM2. (AU)

Introduction: Adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment (OAHA) in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is far from reaching the desirable figures. A multitude of studies have been published on factors that influence non-ad-herence, although with different populations and methodologies. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was identify and collect those factors that may influence non-adherence to OAHAs treatment in patients with T2DM.Method: The databases used in the literature search were Medline (PubMed), Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We considered case-control studies, cohorts and randomised clinical trials conducted in people with T2DM and OAHA treatment, where determinants of adherence were evaluated. The review process was conducted independently by two investigators based on Prisma recommendations.Results: Of 11 publications selected, two were case-control studies and nine were cohort studies (seven retrospec-tive). Non-adherence figures ranged from 20.3 to 48 %. Factors associated with non-adherence to OAHAs were found to be: patient co-payment, daily OAHA dose, type of OAHA prescribed, number of medications prescribed, less fre-quent appointments with healthcare staff, high HbA1C levels, depression, female sex, race/ethnicity (other than white), marital status (other than married) and age.Conclusions: From a clinical point of view, it is important to identify which risk factors are modifiable and thus, healthcare professionals will be able to design actions for patients to improve their adherence to OAHAs treatment as well as improve T2DM control. (AU)

Evaluation of the use of a Renal Health application by kidney transplant recipients / Avaliação do uso do aplicativo Renal Health por transplantados renais / Evaluación del uso de la Aplicación Renal Health por parte de los receptores de trasplante renal

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the use of a renal health application by kidney transplant recipients. Method: a retrospective, observational study with a sample composed of individuals registered in the kidney transplant section of the application from July of 2018 to April of 2021. Demographic data, data entry, time of use, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, creatinine, medication schedules, appointments, and tests were the variables collected. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: eight hundred and twenty-three downloads of the application were identified, and 12.3% of those were registered as kidney transplant recipients, the majority from southeastern Brazil (44.9%), 36±11 years old, and female (59.1%). Of the sample, 35.1% entered information such as creatinine (62%), weight (58.2%), and blood pressure (51.8%). Most used the application for one day (63.3%) and 13.9% for more than one hundred days. Those who used it for more than one day (36.7%) recorded weight (69%), medication intake (65.5%) and creatinine (62%), and scheduled appointments (69%). Conclusion: the kidney transplant recipient section of the Renal Health application generated interest in the young population, but showed low adherence throughout the assessed months. These results offer a relevant perspective on the implementation of mHealth technologies in kidney transplantation.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o uso do aplicativo Renal Health por transplantados renais. Método: estudo observacional retrospectivo com amostra composta por usuários que realizaram cadastro na seção para transplantados renais do aplicativo de julho de 2018 a abril de 2021. Foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: dados demográficos, inserção de dados, tempo de uso, registros de peso, pressão arterial, glicemia, creatinina, horários das medicações, consultas e exames. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: houve 1.823 downloads do aplicativo e 12,3% cadastraram-se na seção para transplantados renais, a maioria do Sudeste do Brasil (44,9%), com 36±11 anos e do sexo feminino (59,1%). Da amostra, 35,1% inseriram informações como creatinina (62%), peso (58,2%) e pressão arterial (51,8%). A maioria utilizou o aplicativo por um dia (63,3%) e 13,9% por mais de cem dias. Os que utilizaram por mais de um dia (36,7%), inseriram peso (69%), agendaram consultas (69%), medicações (65,5%) e creatinina (62%). Conclusão: a seção para transplantados renais do aplicativo Renal Health despertou interesse na população jovem, mas apresentou baixa adesão ao longo dos meses avaliados. Esses resultados oferecem perspectiva relevante na implementação de tecnologias mHealth no transplante renal.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el uso de la aplicación Renal Health por parte de los receptores de trasplante renal. Método: estudio observacional retrospectivo con una muestra compuesta por usuarios que se registraron en la sección de trasplantados renales dentro de la aplicación desde julio de 2018 hasta abril de 2021. Se recolectaron las siguientes variables: datos demográficos, ingreso de datos, tiempo de uso, registros de peso, presión arterial, glucosa en sangre, creatinina, esquemas de medicación, consultas y exámenes. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: Ocurrieron 1.823 descargas de la aplicación y 12,3% se registró en la sección de trasplantados, la mayoría del sudeste de Brasil (44,9%), con edad de 36±11 años y del sexo femenino (59,1%). De la muestra, 35,1% ingresó información como: creatinina (62%), peso (58,2%) y presión arterial (51,8%). La mayoría utilizó la aplicación durante un día (63,3%) y el 13,9% más de cien días. Quienes lo usaron por más de un día (36,7%), agregaron peso (69%), programación de consultas (69%), medicación (65,5%) y creatinina (62%). Conclusión: la sección para trasplantados renales de la aplicación Renal Health despertó interés en la población joven, pero mostró baja adherencia en los meses evaluados. Estos resultados ofrecen una perspectiva relevante en la implementación de tecnologías mHealth en el trasplante renal.

Application of CMO (capacity, motivation, and opportunity) methodology in pharmaceutical care to optimize the pharmacotherapy in older people living with HIV. DISPIMDINAC project / Intervención farmacéutica basada en la metodología CMO para optimizar la farmacoterapia en pacientes VIH mayores. Proyecto DISPIMDINAC

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of a pharma ceutical intervention, based on the CMO methodology (capac ity, motivation and opportunity), to decrease the prevalence of the PIMDINAC concept (potentially inappropriate medica tion+drug interactions+non-adherence to concomitant med ication) in people living with HIV infection. Material and methods. Longitudinal prospective multi center study, conducted between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients living with HIV older than 65 years, on antiret roviral treatment and concomitant drug prescription were included. Demographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic variables were collected. Pharmaceutical care was provided for 6 months according to the CMO model in each patient. The main variable was the percentage of patients who simultane ously fulfilled the PIMDINAC concept, comparing the baseline value with the same value at the end of the study. In addi tion, the percentage of patient’s adherent to concomitant and antiretroviral treatment and the percentage of patients meet ing the pharmacotherapeutic targets established for the pre scribed medication at 24 weeks of follow-up were compared. Results. Sixty-eight patients were included. Seventy-two percent were men, with a median age of 68 years. The medi an number of concomitant drugs was 7. A 60.6% of the pa tients had polypharmacy. The prevalence of the presence of the PIMDINAC concept decreased significantly (10.3 vs. 0%). In isolation, each of the aspects also decreased significantly (p <0.031) The percentage of patients who met the objectives improved significantly from 48,5 at baseline to 88.2 (p <0.001). Conclusions. The pharmaceutical intervention based on the CMO methodology significantly decreased the prevalence of the PIMDINAC concept and increased the number of pa tients who achieved the objectives, optimising their pharma cotherapy (AU)

Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de una intervención farmacéutica, basada en la metodología CMO (Capacidad, Motivación y oportunidad) para disminuir la prevalencia de criterios PIMDINAC (medicación potencialmente inapropiada interacciones farmacológica-no adherencia a la medicación concomitante) en pacientes VIH+. Material y métodos. Estudio multicéntrico prospectivo longitudinal, realizado entre octubre-2021 y octubre-2022. Se incluyeron pacientes VIH+ ≥65 años, en tratamiento an tirretroviral activo y medicación concomitante prescrita. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas y farmacote rapéuticas. La intervención de atención farmacéutica se rea lizó durante los 6 meses de seguimiento a través de la me todología CMO. La variable principal fue la diferencia en el porcentaje de pacientes que presentaban los tres criterios PIMDINAC de forma simultánea al inicio-fin del estudio. Se analizó la variación del porcentaje de pacientes adheren tes tanto al TAR y a la medicación concomitante, así como el porcentaje de pacientes que alcanzaron sus objetivos farma coterapéuticos previamente definidos a los 6 meses de segui miento. Resultados. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, 72.0% varones con una mediana de edad de 68 años. El 60.6% de los pacientes tenían polifarmacia de forma basal con una mediana de fárma cos de 7.0. La presencia de criterios PIMDINAC disminuyó sig nificativamente de un 10.3 a 0%. De forma individual se redujo el porcentaje de cada criterio de forma significativa (p=0.031). Se incrementó el porcentaje de pacientes que alcanzaron sus objetivos farmacoterapéuticos (48,5% vs 88,2%; p<0.001). Conclusiones. La estrategia basada en la metodología CMO disminuye significativamente la prevalencia de los cri terios PIMDINAC, así como incrementa la consecución de los objetivos farmacoterapéuticos de los pacientes, optimizando su farmacoterapia (AU)

Patrones y resultados del cambio de anticoagulantes orales directos en la fibrilación auricular no valvular: experiencia en la práctica clínica en España / Patterns and outcomes of switching direct oral anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A real-world experience from Spain

Objetivos El objetivo consistía en evaluar un programa de gestión de anticoagulantes orales directos (ACOD) en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) según sus perfiles, idoneidad de la dosis, patrones de cambio de tratamiento, efectividad y seguridad Se trató de un estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal en una cohorte de pacientes atendidos en la práctica clínica cotidiana en un hospital regional español con un plan de seguimiento de 3 años para pacientes que iniciaron el tratamiento con dabigatrán, rivaroxabán o apixabán entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2016. Métodos Se analizaron 490 episodios de tratamiento (apixabán 2,5mg, 9,4%; apixabán 5mg, 21,4%; dabigatrán 75mg, 0,6%; dabigatrán 110mg, 12,4%; dabigatrán 150mg, 19,8%; rivaroxabán 15mg, 17,8%; rivaroxabán 20mg, 18,6%) en 445 pacientes. En el 13,6% de los pacientes tratados con dabigatrán, el 9,7% de los tratados con rivaroxabán y el 3,9% de los tratados con apixabán se cambió a otros ACOD o se modificó la dosis. Resultados El ACOD al que se cambió con mayor frecuencia fue el apixabán. Los motivos más frecuentes para cambiar de tratamiento fueron toxicidad (23,8%), hemorragia (21,4%) y deterioro renal (16,7%). En el 23,8% de los episodios se constató una inadecuación de la dosis. Las tasas de ictus y accidentes isquémicos transitorios (AIT) fueron de 1,64 y 0,54 eventos/100 años/paciente, respectivamente, mientras que las de hemorragias importantes, no importantes, pero clínicamente relevantes (NICR) e intracraneales fueron de 2,4, 5 y 0,5 eventos/100 años/paciente, respectivamente. Las hemorragias digestivas y genitourinarias fueron el tipo más frecuente de eventos hemorrágicos. En el análisis multifactorial, el ictus previo y la edad fueron factores predictivos independientes de ictus/AIT. El uso concomitante de antiagregantes plaquetarios, el sexo masculino y la edad fueron factores predictivos independientes de eventos hemorrágicos (AU)

Aims The aim is to evaluate a management program for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients according to their profiles, appropriateness of dosing, patterns of crossover, effectiveness and safety. This is an observational and longitudinal prospective study in a cohort of patients attended in daily clinical practice in a regional hospital in Spain with 3-year a follow-up plan for patients initiating dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban between Jan/2012 and Dec/2016. Methods We analyzed 490 episodes of treatment (apixaban 2.5, 9.4%; apixaban 5, 21.4%; dabigatran 75, 0.6%; dabigatran 110, 12.4%; dabigatran 150, 19.8%; rivaroxaban 15, 17.8% and rivaroxaban 20, 18.6%) in 445 patients. 13.6% of patients on dabigatran, 9.7% on rivaroxaban, and 3.9% on apixaban switched to other DOACs or changed dosing. Results Apixaban was the most frequent DOAC switched to. The most frequent reasons for switching were toxicity (23.8%), bleeding (21.4%) and renal deterioration (16.7%). Inappropriateness of dose was found in 23.8% of episodes. Rates of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) were 1.64/0.54 events/100 patients-years, while rates of major, clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding and intracranial bleeding were 2.4, 5, and 0.5 events/100 patients-years. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding were the most common type of bleeding events (BE). On multivariable analysis, prior stroke and age were independent predictors of stroke/TIA. Concurrent platelet inhibitors, male gender and age were independent predictors of BE. Conclusion This study complements the scant data available on the use of DOACs in NVAF patients in Spain, confirming a good safety and effectiveness profil (AU)

Patterns and outcomes of switching direct oral anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A real-world experience from Spain.

AIMS: The aim is to evaluate a management program for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients according to their profiles, appropriateness of dosing, patterns of crossover, effectiveness and safety. This is an observational and longitudinal prospective study in a cohort of patients attended in daily clinical practice in a regional hospital in Spain with 3-year a follow-up plan for patients initiating dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban between JAN/2012-DEC/2016. METHODS: We analyzed 490 episodes of treatment (apixaban 2.5 9.4%, apixaban 5 21.4%, dabigatran 75 0.6%, dabigatran 110 12,4%, dabigatran 150 19.8%, rivaroxaban 15 17.8% and rivaroxaban 20 18.6%) in 445 patients. 13.6% of patients on dabigatran, 9.7% on rivaroxaban, and 3.9% on apixaban switched to other DOACs or changed dosing. RESULTS: Apixaban was the most frequent DOAC switched to. The most frequent reasons for switching were toxicity (23.8%), bleeding (21.4%) and renal deterioration (16.7%). Inappropriateness of dose was found in 23.8% of episodes. Rates of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) were 1.64/0.54 events/100 patients-years, while rates of major, clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding and intracranial bleeding were 2.4, 5, and 0.5 events/100 patients-years. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding were the most common type of bleeding events (BE). On multivariable analysis, prior stroke and age were independent predictors of stroke/TIA. Concurrent platelet inhibitors, male gender and age were independent predictors of BE. CONCLUSION: This study complements the scant data available on the use of DOACs in NVAF patients in Spain, confirming a good safety and effectiveness profile.

Adherencia terapéutica de ácido obeticólico: experiencia real utilizando sistemas demonitorización de medicación electrónicos / Medication adherence to obeticholic acid: a real-world experience using medication event monitoring systems

Objetivo: Diseñamos un estudio clínico para analizar los patrones deadherencia al ácido obeticólico, los factores que influyen en la adherencia y la posible correlación con la eficacia del tratamiento mediante eluso de MEMS® cap en la práctica clínica diaria.Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo multicéntrico de pacientescon colangitis biliar primaria. La adherencia se medirá mediante MEMS®cap, el recuento de comprimidos y se registrarán los resultados comunicados por el paciente durante 3 meses. La calidad de vida será autoinformada utilizando el Cuestionario de Enfermedad Hepática Crónica,el Cuestionario Europeo de Calidad de Vida en cinco dimensiones y laEscala de Intensidad del Picor.Conclusiones: Esperamos identificar si existe una relación entre laadherencia con la efectividad del tratamiento e identificar las causasde la falta de adherencia para poder introducir medidas para reducir suprevalencia. (AU)

Objective: We designed a clinical study to analyze patterns of adherence to obeticholic acid, factors influencing the adherence and potentialcorrelation with treatment efficacy by using MEMS® cap in practice daily.Method: A multicenter prospective observational study of patients withprimary biliary cholangitis. Adherence will be measured by MEMS® cap,pill count, and patient-reported outcomes during 3 months. The qualityof life will be self-reported using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnairetest, European Quality of Life 5-Dimension Questionnaire test and ItchSeverity Scale.Conclusions: We expect to clarify if there is correlation between adherence with treatment efficacy and to identify causes for poor complianceand introduce measures to reduce its prevalence. (AU)

[Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy by patients with acute coronary syndrome following discharge]. / Adherencia a la terapia antiplaquetaria y a las estatinas por pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo tras el alta.

OBJECTIVE: To assess levels of medication adherence to antiplatelet and statins therapy among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients 30 days after hospital discharge and identify the main barriers to medication adherence and the main sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with treatment adherence. METHOD: This was a quantitative longitudinal study. Patients admitted to hospital with ACS were included. Initially, data collection was conducted using a semi-structured interview during the hospital stay. Thirty days after hospital discharge, the Brief Medication Questionnaire was applied by phone to assess treatment adherence. Descriptive statistics were used and tests were applied to analyze the association between medication adherence and clinical and sociodemographic data. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-two patients were assessed. The Brief Medication Questionnaire test showed that 49.3% presented probable low adherence to treatment. Marital status, household income and alcohol intake showed an association with medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate high rates of probable nonadherence to medication among ACS patients 30 days after hospital discharge, this information could help nurses to choose specific nursing interventions that could improve adherence in patients' daily routines.

Adherencia a la terapia antiplaquetaria y a las estatinas por pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo tras el alta / Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy by patients with acute coronary syndrome following discharge

Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de adherencia a la terapia antiplaquetaria y a las estatinas por pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) a los 30 días tras el alta hospitalaria e identificar las principales barreras y las principales variables sociodemográficas y clínicas asociadas con la adherencia al tratamiento.Método:Estudio longitudinal cuantitativo. Se incluyó a pacientes ingresados en un hospital con SCA. Inicialmente, la recolección de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada durante la estancia hospitalaria. A los 30 días tras el alta hospitalaria se aplicó el Brief Medication Questionnarie por teléfono, para evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se aplicaron pruebas para analizar la asociación entre la adherencia a la medicación y los datos clínicos y sociodemográficos.Resultados: Ciento sesenta y dos pacientes fueron evaluados. El Brief Medication Questionnarie mostró que el 49,3% presentaba probable baja adherencia al tratamiento. El estado civil, el ingreso familiar y el consumo de alcohol tuvieron asociación con la adherencia a la medicación.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos del presente estudio indican altas tasas de probable falta de adherencia a la medicación por los pacientes con SCA a los 30 días tras el alta hospitalaria. Esta información podría ayudar a las enfermeras a elegir intervenciones específicas que puedan mejorar la adherencia en las rutinas diarias del paciente.

Objective: To assess levels of medication adherence to antiplatelet and statins therapy among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients 30 days after hospital discharge and identify the main barriers to medication adherence and the main sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with treatment adherence.Method: This was a quantitative longitudinal study. Patients admitted to hospital with ACS were included. Initially, data collection was conducted using a semi-structured interview during the hospital stay. Thirty days after hospital discharge, the Brief Medication Questionnaire was applied by phone to assess treatment adherence. Descriptive statistics were used and tests were applied to analyze the association between medication adherence and clinical and sociodemographic data.Results: One hundred and sixty-two patients were assessed. The Brief Medication Questionnaire test showed that 49.3% presented probable low adherence to treatment. Marital status, household income and alcohol intake showed an association with medication adherence.Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate high rates of probable nonadherence to medication among ACS patients 30 days after hospital discharge, this information could help nurses to choose specific nursing interventions that could improve adherence in patients’ daily routines.

Religiosidade/espiritualidade e adesão à terapia antirretroviral em pessoas vivendo com HIV / Religiosity/spirituality and antiretroviral therapy adherence in people living with HIV / Religiosidad/espiritualidad y adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral en personas viviendo con VIH

Dentre os fatores associados à adesão à Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV) em pessoas vivendo com HIV, destaca-se a religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E). O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar as evidências disponíveis sobre a relação entre a dimensão da R/E e a adesão aos antirretrovirais. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura com buscas nas bases/bibliotecas CINAHL, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram selecionados artigos empíricos publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e junho de 2019, sendo recuperados 49 estudos após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão. Encontraram-se associações positivas, negativas e neutras entre R/E e adesão à TARV, evidenciando que a R/E é uma dimensão psicossocial que pode ser preditora da adesão aos antirretrovirais. O sentido dessa influência, no entanto, ainda não é um consenso na literatura científica. Recomenda-se que essas influências sejam compreendidas a partir de elementos contextuais dessa população e não apenas de marcadores pessoais (AU).

Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have stood out among factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV. This study aimed to identify evidence on the relationship between R/S and adherence to ART. An integrative literature review was conducted within the CINAHL, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Empirical articles published between January 2008 and June 2019 were selected, and 49 studies were retrieved after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Positive, negative, and neutral associations were found between R/S and adherence to ART, showing that R/S is a psychosocial dimension that can be a predictor of adherence to antiretrovirals. The meaning of this influence, however, is not yet a consensus in the scientific literature. It is recommended that these influences be understood from the contextual elements of this population and not just from personal markers (AU).

Entre los factores asociados a la adherencia a la Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV) en personas diagnosticadas con VIH, destaca la religiosidad/espiritualidad (R/E). El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar las evidencias disponibles sobre la relación entre la dimensión de la R/E y la adherencia a los antirretrovirales. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura con búsquedas en las bases de datos/bibliotecas CINAHL, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron artículos empíricos publicados entre enero de 2008 y junio de 2019, y se recuperaron 49 estudios tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Fueron encontradas asociaciones positivas, negativas y neutras entre la R/E y la adherencia al TARV, lo que demuestra que la R/E es una dimensión psicosocial que puede ser un predictor de la adherencia a los medicamentos antirretrovirales. Sin embargo, el significado de esta influencia aún no está consensuado en la literatura científica. Se recomienda que estas influencias se entiendan a partir de los elementos contextuales de esta población y no solo de los marcadores personales (AU).

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, artritis psoriásica y espondilitis anquilosante tratados con certolizumab pegol / Health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with certolizumab pegol

Objetivo: Las enfermedades articulares inflamatorias causan dolor y discapacidad. El objetivo fue medir la calidad de vida de los pacientes conart ritis reumatoide, artritis psoriásica, espondilitis anquilosante en tratamientocon certolizumab pegol y compararla con la de la población general.Método:Con un diseño transversal se recogieron variables sociodemográficasy clínicas, adherencia al tratamiento y calidad de vidamediante el cuestionario Euroqol-5d-5L (EQ-5D). La calidad de vida dela población general se obtuvo de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud. ElEQ-5D se analizó en ambos grupos mediante modelos de dos partesque miden la probabilidad de tener una salud perfecta y la disutilidadcausada por la enfermedad.Resultados: La muestra incluyó 59 pacientes con una adherencia alta(92,3%). La utilidad media fue de 0,78 y el dolor resultó la dimensión másafectada. La reducción de utilidad (índice EQ-5D) de los pacientes conenfermedades articulares inflamatorias respecto a la población generalfue de 0,127.Conclusiones: Los pacientes muestran una calidad de vida significativamentemenor que la población general a pesar del buen control de laenfermedad. Los modelos de dos partes facilitan la interpretación de losestudios de calidad de vida mediante EQ-5D.

Objective: Inflammatory joint diseases cause pain and disability. Theobjective of this study was to measure the quality of life of patients withrheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis treatedwith certolizumab pegol and compare the results with those of the generalpopulation.Method: Using a cross-sectional design and sociodemographic andclinical variables, adherence to treatment and quality of life data werecollected using the Euroqol-5d-5L (EQ-5D) questionnaire. The quality oflife of the general population was obtained from the Spanish NationalHealth Survey. Answers to the EQ-5D questionnaire were analyzed inboth groups using two-part models, which measure the probability ofhaving perfect health as well as the disutility caused by the disease.Results: The sample included 59 patients with high adherence (92.3%).The mean utility value was 0.78 and pain was the most affected dimension. The reduction in utility (EQ-5D index) of patients with inflammatoryjoint disease as compared to the general population was 0.127.Conclusions: The subjects of the study showed a significantly lowerquality of life than the general population despite effective control of thedisease. Two-part models facilitate the interpretation of quality-of-life studiesusing the EQ-5D.

Pharmacological treatment after acute coronary syndrome: Baseline clinical characteristics and gender differences in a population-based cohort study / Tratamiento farmacológico después de un síndrome coronario agudo: características clínicas y diferencias de género en un estudio poblacional de cohortes

Objective: To describe baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and drugs prescribed for secondary prevention after a first episode of ACS and to assess differences between men and women.SettingPHC in Catalonia. Data source: SIDIAP (Information System for Research in Primary Care).ParticipantsPatients who suffered an ACS during 2009–2016 and followed-up in PHC centres of the Catalan Health Institute in Catalonia.InterventionsNot applicable.Main measuresSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline: sex, age, socioeconomic index, toxic habits, comorbidities, study drugs (prescribed for cardiovascular secondary prevention: antiplatelets, betablockers, statins, drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin system) and comedications.Results8071 patients included, 71.3% of them were men and 80.2% had an acute myocardial infarction. Their mean age was 65.3 and women were older than men. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes and they were more common in women. Antiplatelets (91.3%) and statins (85.7%) were the study drugs most prescribed. The uses of all comedications were significantly higher in women, except for nitrates. The combination of four study groups was initially prescribed in 47.7% of patients and combination of beta-blockers, statins and antiplatelets was prescribed in 18.4%. More men than women received all recommended pharmacological groups.ConclusionWomen were older, had more comorbidities and received more comedications. Most patients were treated with a combination of four or three study drugs for secondary prevention. Men initiated more drug treatments for secondary prevention and dual antiplatelet therapy than women.

Objetivos: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas basales, y los fármacos prescritos para la prevención cardiovascular secundaria tras un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). Analizar si existen diferencias entre varones y mujeres.EmplazamientoAtención primaria (AP) en Cataluña. Fuente de datos: Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de la Investigación en AP (SIDIAP).ParticipantesPacientes que hayan sufrido un primer SCA durante 2009-2016, seguidos en AP del Instituto Catalán de la Salud en Cataluña.IntervencionesNo aplica.Mediciones principalesCaracterísticas sociodemográficas y clínicas al inicio: sexo, edad, índice socioeconómico, hábitos tóxicos, comorbilidades, fármacos de estudio (prescritos para prevención secundaria: antiagregantes, betabloqueantes, estatinas, fármacos del sistema renina-angiotensina) y fármacos concomitantes.ResultadosSe incluyeron 8.071 pacientes; 71,3% varones y 80,2% habían sufrido infarto. La edad media era de 65,3 años y las mujeres eran mayores que los varones. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión, dislipemia y diabetes; más comunes en mujeres. Antiagregantes (91,3%) y estatinas (85,7%) fueron los fármacos más prescritos. El uso de todas las comedicaciones era más frecuente en mujeres, excepto nitratos. La combinación de los 4 grupos farmacológicos de estudio se prescribió al 47,7% de los pacientes incluidos y la combinación de antiagregante, betabloqueante y estatina al 18,4%. Más varones que mujeres recibieron los fármacos recomendados.ConclusionesLas mujeres incluidas eran mayores, con más comorbilidad y mayor uso de comedicaciones. La mayoría de pacientes eran tratados con la combinación de 3 o 4 fármacos para prevención secundaria. Los varones iniciaban más fármacos para prevención secundaria y más terapia antiagregante doble que las mujeres.

Adaptaciones de la dispensación hospitalaria a pacientes con hemofilia durante la pandemia COVID-19 en España y su influencia en la adherencia / Adaptations of hospital dispensing to haemophilia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and its influence on adherence

Introducción: El estado de alarma decretado por la pandemia del virus SARS COV-2 del 14 de marzo hasta el 21 de junio, ha supuesto un desafío para el área de pacientes externos de los Servicios de Farmacia. Nos centramos en los pacientes con hemofilia que se administran factores de la coagulación de forma crónica para prevenir hemorragias.Objetivos: Analizar durante este periodo el porcentaje de pacientes que han recogido su medicación, han mantenido la adherencia al tratamiento y las barreras encontradas para ello. Cuantificar el número y gravedad de episodios hemorrágicos (EH) sufridos y su relación con la pandemia. Analizar la prevalencia y gravedad de COVID en hemofílicos.Métodos: Uno objetivo, utilizando los registros del hospital y otro subjetivo, mediante encuesta oral durante la consulta de atención farmacéutica presencial o telemática.Resultados: El 80% de los pacientes retiraron medicación durante el periodo de estudio, un 30% en domicilio. El último mes las dispensaciones a domicilio se acompañaron de consulta telemática.Un 24% de pacientes disminuyó su adherencia respecto al 2019. Las principales causas fueron dificultad para acudir al hospital, y percepción de no necesitar tratamiento ante la inactividad.No se registraron más EH o ingresos por causas imputables a la pandemia.No hubo ningún enfermo COVID-19 grave y la incidencia de pacientes con síntomas leves fue similar a la población general.Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes con hemofilia pudieron acceder a su medicación. La adherencia se redujo. Los EH no aumentaron por causas atribuibles a la pandemia. La incidencia de COVID-19 fue similar a la población. (AU)

Introduction: The state of alarm decreed by the SARS COV-2 virus pandemic from March 14th to June 21st, has meant a challenge for the outpatient area of the pharmacy services. We focus on hemophilia patients who are chronically administered clotting factors to prevent bleeding.Objectives: To analyse during this period the percentage of patients who have collected their medication, maintained adherence to treatment and the barriers encountered in doing so. To quantify the number and severity of haemorrhagic episodes (HD) suffered and their relationship with the pandemic. Analyse the prevalence and severity of COVID in haemophiliacs.Methods: One objective, using hospital records, and one subjective, using an oral survey during the face-to-face or telematic pharmaceutical care consultation.Results: 80% of patients withdrew medication during the study period, 30% at home. In the last month, home deliveries were accompanied by telematic consultation.24% of patients decreased their adherence with respect to 2019. The main causes were difficulty in going to hospital, and perception of not needing treatment in the face of inactivity.There were no more HD or admissions for reasons attributable to the pandemic.There were no serious COVID-19 patients and the incidence of patients with mild symptoms was similar to the general population.Conclusion: Most haemophilia patients were able to access their medication. Adherence was reduced. HD did not increase due to causes attributable to the pandemic. The incidence of COVID-19 was similar to the population. (AU)

Pharmacological treatment after acute coronary syndrome: Baseline clinical characteristics and gender differences in a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and drugs prescribed for secondary prevention after a first episode of ACS and to assess differences between men and women. SETTING: PHC in Catalonia. DATA SOURCE: SIDIAP (Information System for Research in Primary Care). PARTICIPANTS: Patients who suffered an ACS during 2009-2016 and followed-up in PHC centres of the Catalan Health Institute in Catalonia. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN MEASURES: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline: sex, age, socioeconomic index, toxic habits, comorbidities, study drugs (prescribed for cardiovascular secondary prevention: antiplatelets, betablockers, statins, drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system) and comedications. RESULTS: 8071 patients included, 71.3% of them were men and 80.2% had an acute myocardial infarction. Their mean age was 65.3 and women were older than men. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes and they were more common in women. Antiplatelets (91.3%) and statins (85.7%) were the study drugs most prescribed. The uses of all comedications were significantly higher in women, except for nitrates. The combination of four study groups was initially prescribed in 47.7% of patients and combination of beta-blockers, statins and antiplatelets was prescribed in 18.4%. More men than women received all recommended pharmacological groups. CONCLUSION: Women were older, had more comorbidities and received more comedications. Most patients were treated with a combination of four or three study drugs for secondary prevention. Men initiated more drug treatments for secondary prevention and dual antiplatelet therapy than women. EUPAS REGISTER: EUPAS19017.

Monitoramento avançado de enfermagem: pacientes de risco na atenção primária / Monitoreo avanzado de enfermería: pacientes de riesgo en atención primaria / Advanced nursing monitoring: At-risk patients in Primary Care

Resumo Objetivo avaliar o efeito do monitoramento de enfermagem avançado em relação ao usual para identificação do risco cardiovascular e renal, adesão medicamentosa e prática de exercícios na atenção primária à saúde. Método estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental desenvolvido na Atenção primária. Em relação a intervenção, foram consultas de enfermagem trimestrais de monitoramento avançado e laboratorial trimestral. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se questionário sociodemográfico, escala Morisky e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados sexo feminino predominou nos dois grupos intervenção e controle (62,79% vs. 76,74%). O percentual de pacientes sem risco cardiovascular do grupo intervenção superou o grupo controle da consulta 1 para consulta 3, (0,00% - 25,58% vs. 6,98 - 2,33). Adesão medicamentosa máxima, ao longo do tempo, foi superior no grupo intervenção comparado ao grupo controle (48,8% vs. 23,3%). O risco cardiovascular dos usuários interferiu na atividade física de forma significativa no grupo intervenção e controle (p=0,0261 vs. 0,0438). Conclusões e implicações para a prática a monitorização avançada possibilitou uma melhor identificação de pacientes de risco e orientações aos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos com risco cardiovascular e renal, o que favoreceu o monitoramento avançado e contribuiu ao autogerenciamento da prática de exercícios e adesão medicamentosa, a partir de consultas de enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar el efecto de la monitorización avanzada de enfermería frente a la habitual para identificar el riesgo cardiovascular y renal, la adherencia a la medicación y la práctica del ejercicio en la atención primaria de salud. Método estudio cuasiexperimental cuantitativo desarrollado en Atención Primaria. En cuanto a la intervención, se realizaron consultas de enfermería trimestrales para seguimiento avanzado y laboratorio trimestral. Para la recopilación de datos se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, escala de Morisky y Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Resultados el género femenino predominó tanto en el grupo de intervención como en el de control (62,79% vs 76,74%). El porcentaje de pacientes sin riesgo cardiovascular en el grupo de intervención superó al grupo de control desde la cita 1 hasta la cita 3 (0,00% - 25,58% frente a 6,98 - 2,33). La adherencia máxima al fármaco, a lo largo del tiempo, fue mayor en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control (48,8% frente a 23,3%). El riesgo cardiovascular de los usuarios interfirió significativamente con la actividad física en los grupos de intervención y control (p = 0,0261 frente a 0,0438). Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica la monitorización avanzada permitió identificar mejor a los pacientes en riesgo y orientar a los pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos con riesgo cardiovascular y renal, lo que favoreció el monitoreo avanzado y contribuyó al autocontrol de la práctica de ejercicio y la adherencia a la medicación, desde las consultas de enfermería.

Abstract Objective to evaluate the effect of advanced versus usual Nursing monitoring to identify cardiovascular and renal risk, adherence to medication and practice of physical exercise in Primary Health Care. Method a quantitative and quasi-experimental study developed in Primary Care. In relation to the intervention, there were quarterly Nursing advanced monitoring consultations and quarterly laboratory control. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Morisky scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. Results the female gender predominated both in the intervention and in the control group (62.79% vs. 76.74%). The percentage of patients without cardiovascular risk in the intervention group exceeded the control group from consultation 1 to consultation 3 (0.00% - 25.58% vs. 6.98 - 2.33). Maximum adherence to medication, over time, was higher in the intervention group when compared to the control group (48.8% vs. 23.3%). The users' cardiovascular risk significantly interfered with physical activity in the intervention and control groups (p=0.0261 vs. 0.0438). Conclusions and implications for the practice advanced monitoring enabled better identification of at-risk patients and guidelines for the hypertensive and diabetic patients at cardiovascular and renal risk, which favored advanced monitoring and contributed to self-management of the practice of physical exercise and adherence to medication, based on Nursing consultations.

[Adherence to biological therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. (Study ADhER-1)]. / Adherencia terapéutica a fármacos biológicos en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, artritis psoriásica y espondilitis anquilosante. (Estudio ADhER-1).

BACKGROUND: To quantify adherence to biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) and to determine the factors that can predict adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in daily clinical practice. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and single-center study was carried out. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis who were in treatment with subcutaneous biological DMARD were included. Variables related to socioeconomic status, disease, biological therapy and safety were recorded. Adherence was calculated by using medication possession ratio, Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale Questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred twelve patients and 6 different biological DMARDs were included. Mean age was 56.8±13.2 years and 52.7% were women. The percentage of adherent patients was 59.3% in rheumatoid arthritis, 62.5% in psoriatic arthritis and 76.2% in ankylosing spondylitis. Lesser adherence was associated with the administration of the drug by a family member and/or caregiver (odds ratio: 9.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-61.8 (p <.05)). There were no differences between adherent and non-adherent patients in terms of the biological DMARD used. CONCLUSIONS: There are no differences in adherence to biological therapies among patients with chronic inflammatory arthropathies. Adherence correlates negatively with administration of biological DMARD by a family member and / or caregiver.

Adesão à terapia antirretroviral em mulheres: influência do perfil clínico e comportamental de saúde

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en mujeres viviendo con VIH desde el perfil clínico y de salud conductual. Material y Método: Estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo. La población estuvo conformada por mujeres viviendo con VIH que son atendidas por Servicios de Atención Especializada (SAE) en VIH en cinco municipios ubicados en la I Gerencia Regional de Salud (GERES) de Pernambuco, Brasil. El estudio se muestreó mediante el método no probabilístico, un sorteo aleatorio, con el objetivo de alcanzar una representación del 30% del total de servicios registrados en el I GERES. Los participantes del estudio compusieron la muestra, también utilizando un método no probabilístico por conveniencia, por lo que 184 mujeres que viven con el VIH fueron parte del estudio. La recolección de datos se realizó en el intersticio entre junio y agosto de 2018. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral (CEAT-HIV) para medir la adherencia de los participantes. Resultados: Hubo una mayor prevalencia de buena adherencia: el grupo que se ajusta al nivel de educación superior incompleta/ completa tiene 1,69 veces más prevalencia de adherencia a la Terapia Antirretroviral (TAR); las mujeres no sexualmente activas tienen un 103% más de posibilidades de una buena adherencia; y aquellos cuyos registros médicos no contienen información sobre abandono del TAR: 94%. Conclusión: A la luz de los desafíos actuales asociados a la adherencia al TAR, se ha resaltado la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias sociales dirigidas a las mujeres que viven con el VIH con el fin de promover una mejor calidad de vida para esta población.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em mulheres vivendo com HIV a partir do perfil clínico e comportamental de saúde. Material e Método: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A população foi composta por mulheres que vivem com HIV que são assistidas pelos Serviços de Assistência Especializada (SAEs) em HIV em cinco municípios localizados na I Gerência Regional de Saúde (GERES) de Pernambuco, Brasil. A amostragem do estudo ocorreu por intermédio do método não probabilístico, um sorteio aleatório, com o intuito de atingir um representação de 30% do total de serviços adscritos na I GERES. Os participantes do estudo compuseram a amostra, também a partir de um método não probabilístico por conveniência, por tanto, 184 mulheres vivendo com HIV fizeram parte do estudo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no interstício compreendido entre junho a agosto de 2018. Utilizou-se o Cuestionario Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral (CEAT-VIH) para mensurar a adesão das participantes. Resultados: Apresentaram maior prevalência para uma boa adesão: o grupo que se enquadra no nível de instrução superior incompleto/completo apresenta 1,69 vezes mais prevalência de adesão à Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV); mulheres não ativas sexualmente apresentam 103% de chances a mais para uma boa adesão; e aquelas em que cujo prontuário não consta informação de abandono à TARV: 94%. Conclusão: À luz dos desafios atuais associados à adesão à TARV, tem-se evidenciado a necessidade da elaboração de estratégias de cunho social destinadas a mulheres vivendo com HIV a fim de promover melhor qualidade de vida a essa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among women living with HIV from a clinical and behavioral health profile. Material and Methods: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of women living with HIV, who are assisted by the Specialized HIV Care Services (SAEs) in five municipalities located in the I Regional Health Management Center (GERES) of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The sampling of the study was carried out through a non-probabilistic method (random drawing) in order to reach a representation of 30% of the total number of services enrolled in the I GERES. The sample was also set up using a non-probabilistic method by convenience, so 184 women living with HIV were part of the study. Data collection occurred between June and August 2018. The Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral (CEAT-VIH) was used to measure the adherence of the participants. Results: The group that falls in the incomplete/complete higher education level has 1.69 times more prevalence of adherence to ART, non-sexually active women present 103 % chances for good adherence; and those whose medical record does not contain information on abandonment of ART: 94%. Conclusion: Considering the current challenges associated with adherence to ART, there is a clear need to develop social strategies aimed at women living with HIV in order to promote better quality of life for this population.