ABSTRACT
Contexto e objetivo: O envelhecimento está associado a diversas alterações fisiológicas que podem afetar a aptidão física e a capacidade funcional, como a sarcopenia e a dinapenia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar aspectos físicos e funcionais de adultos em relação aos critérios de sarcopenia e dinapenia. Desenho e local: Os participantes faziam parte do Projeto Misto Longitudinal de Aptidão Física e Capacidade Funcional de São Caetano do Sul, que busca avaliar e acompanhar a saúde e o desempenho físico de idosos na região. A amostra foi composta por 1480 participantes com idade acima de 50 anos e média de 66,5 anos. Métodos: Para a classificação da sarcopenia e dinapenia, foram adotados os critérios do Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia e do European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Uma análise estatística foi realizada utilizando a análise de covariância ANCOVA não paramétrica, ajustada pelo sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC), buscando comparar a capacidade funcional entre os grupos. Foi adotado um nível de significância de P < 0,05 e o software utilizado para as análises foi o SPSS versão 25. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia na amostra foi de 3% e de dinapenia, 62,3%. Foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de aptidão física e capacidade funcional. Conclusão: A massa muscular isoladamente pode não ser um critério adequado para definir sarcopenia em adultos, pela não-linearidade da relação entre massa muscular e capacidade físico-funcional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Muscle Weakness , Muscle, Skeletal , SarcopeniaABSTRACT
Resumen El síndrome metabólico (SM) se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas e inflamatorias que imprimen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares y tiene como base la resistencia insulínica. La alimentación, sedentarismo, educación y distribución del ingreso pueden influir en la aparición del SM. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia del SM y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en una población vulnerable, adulta y urbana, que acudió voluntariamente luego de una campaña de difusión, a un hospital de atención primaria en la ciudad de San Luis, Argentina. En 451 sujetos, 205 hombres y 246 mujeres (45,5±12,4 años) se analizaron datos personales, antropométricos y biomarcadores: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (c-HDL), colesterol LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, insulina, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus), apolipoproteínas A y B, ácido úrico e índices subrogados de insulina. El SM se estableció empleando la definición armonizada de SM (2009). El 80% de la población no completó la educación formal. Los hombres estaban desempleados o con trabajo informal (70%). El 51,4% de la población cumplía con el criterio de SM (50,0% mujeres y 53,1% hombres). Entre los componentes del SM, la tríada más frecuente en mujeres y hombres, fue: c-HDL disminuido, circunferencia de cintura elevada e hipertrigliceridemia. El SM aumentó con la edad en los hombres. Las mujeres con SM presentaron niveles altos de PCRus. El conocimiento de la prevalencia local, tanto de la obesidad como del SM, permite valorar la magnitud del problema en cada comunidad, establecer medidas de prevención, control y compararlo con otras realidades epidemiológicas.
Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with metabolic and inflammatory alterations that increase the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, based on insulin resistance. Diet, sedentary lifestyle, education and income distribution can influence the appearance of MS. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of MS and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a vulnerable, adult and urban population, that voluntarily attends after diffusion campaign, to a primary care hospital in the city of San Luis, Argentina. In 451 subjects, 205 men and 246 women (45.5±12.4 years), personal, anthropometric and biomarker data were analysed: total cholesterol HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), apolipoproteins A and B, uric acid and insulin surrogate indices. The MS was established using the harmonised definition of MS (2009). Eighty percent of the population did not complete formal education. Men were unemployed or in informal work (70%). A total of 51.4% of the population had the MS criteria (50.0% women and 53.1% men). Among the components of MS, the most frequent triad in women and men, were: decreased HDL-c, elevated waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of MS increased with age in men. Women with MS presented high levels of usCRP. Knowledge of the local prevalence of both obesity and MS would allow enable the assessment of the magnitude of the problem in each community, establish prevention and control measures, and compare it with other epidemiological realities.
Resumo A síndrome metabólica (SM) está associada a alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias que aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares, considerando a resistência à insulina. A alimentação, o sedentarismo, a escolaridade e a distribuição de renda podem influenciar o aparecimento da SM. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a prevalência da SM e os fatores de risco cardiovascular associados em uma população vulnerável, adulta e urbana, que compareceu voluntariamente a um hospital de atenção primária na cidade de San Luis, Argentina, após uma campanha de divulgação. Em 451 indivíduos, 205 homens e 246 mulheres (45,5±12,4 anos), foram analisados dados pessoais, antropométricos e de biomarcadores: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (c-HDL), colesterol LDL, triglicerídeos, glicose, insulina, proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCRus), apolipoproteínas A e B, ácido úrico e índices substitutos de insulina. A SM foi estabelecida utilizando a definição harmonizada de SM (2009). Oitenta por cento da população não concluiu a educação formal. Os homens estavam desempregados ou em trabalho informal (70%). 51,4% da população atendia os critérios da SM (50,0% mulheres e 53,1% homens). Dentre os componentes da SM, a tríade mais frequente em mulheres e homens: c-HDL diminuído, circunferência abdominal elevada e hipertrigliceridemia. SM aumentou com a idade nos homens. Mulheres com SM apresentaram níveis elevados de PCRus. O conhecimento da prevalência local da obesidade quanto da SM permite avaliar a magnitude do problema em cada comunidade, estabelecer medidas de prevenção e controle e compará-lo com outras realidades epidemiológicas.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción : Los adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas avanzadas y necesidad de cuidados paliativos están más expuestos a la polifarmacia y a consumir medicación potencialmente inapropiada, la cual genera un alto riesgo de eventos adversos y alteración de la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia de consumo de medicación potencialmente inapropiada de adultos mayores con necesidad de cuida dos paliativos que ingresaron a cuidados domiciliarios luego de una hospitalización. Métodos : Estudio de corte transversal observacional de registros de dispensación e historias clínicas electró nicas, de adultos mayores en un sistema de cuidados domiciliarios y con necesidades de cuidados paliativos según el rastreo con la herramienta NECPAL, los índices PROFUND y/o PALIAR. Se analizó el consumo de fárma cos durante los 180 días posteriores al ingreso a cuidados domiciliarios. Se clasificaron los fármacos como poten cialmente inapropiados según criterios de LESS-CHRON. Resultados : Se incluyeron 176 pacientes, edad prome dio 87.4 años, 67% mujeres; 78% eran pluripatológicos y 22% presentaban una enfermedad única crónica progre siva. La mortalidad a los 6 meses fue 73%. La mediana de consumo de fármacos por paciente fue 9.1 (RIC = 4-9.7). El 87% consumía medicación potencialmente inapropia da, principalmente antihipertensivos, benzodiacepinas y antipsicóticos. Conclusión : Este estudio observó que los adultos ma yores, con necesidad de cuidados paliativos en cuidados domiciliarios, tienen un alto consumo de medicación potencialmente inapropiada. Esto refuerza la necesidad de implementar intervenciones efectivas centradas en el paciente, para prevenir la prescripción inadecuada y estimular la de-prescripción.
Abstract Introduction : Older adults with advanced chronic diseases and palliative care needs are more exposed to polypharmacy and use of potentially inappropriate medication, which generates a high risk of adverse events and impaired quality of life. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with palliative care needs receiving home care services after hospital discharge. Methods : Observational cross-sectional study of pharmacy dispensing and electronic health records, of older adults in a home care system and with palliative care needs according to the screening with the NECPAL tool or the PROFUND and/or PALIAR indexes. Dispensed medications during 180 days after admission to home care were analyzed. Medications were classified as po tentially inappropriate according to the LESS-CHRON criteria. Results : We included 176 patients, mean age 87.4 years, 67% were women; 73% were pluripathologic pa tients and 22% had one chronic progressive disease. Mortality at 6 months was 73%. Median frequency of dispensed medications per patient was 9.1 (IQR = 4-9.7). The frequency of potentially inappropriate medication dispensation among patients was 87%, mainly antihy pertensives, benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Conclusion : This study observed that dispensation of potentially inappropriate medication among older adults with palliative care needs and home care services is very high. This emphasizes the need for effective patient-centered interventions to prevent inadequate prescription and stimulate de-prescription.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción : Actualmente se define al paciente como adulto mayor (AM) si su edad es al menos de 60 años. Dada la expectativa de vida prolongada resulta intere sante evaluar si todos los AM con infarto agudo de mio cardio (IAM) son iguales. Los objetivos fueron conocer la prevalencia de AM en el IAM y dentro de ellos, la de los ≥75 años y analizar características, tratamientos de reperfusión y mortalidad intrahospitalaria de acuerdo a si son < o ≥ 75 años. Métodos : Se analizaron los pacientes AM ingresados en el Registro Nacional de Infarto con supra desnivel del segmento ST (ARGEN-IAM-ST). Se los dividió en grupo 1: 60-74 años y grupo 2: ≥ 75 años y se compararon entre sí. Resultados : AM 3626, 75.92% del Grupo 1, el resto del Grupo 2. En el grupo 2 hubo más mujeres, hipertensos y con antecedentes coronarios. Hubo similar porcentaje de diabetes y dislipidemia, pero menos de tabaquistas. En el Grupo 2 se empleó menos tratamiento de reperfusión (aunque más angioplastia primaria), con similar tiempo puerta-balón. Los pacientes del Grupo 2 recibieron me nos medicamentos de probada eficacia y en la evolución hospitalaria, más sangrado (aunque no mayor), más insuficiencia cardíaca y más mortalidad: 18.3% vs 9.4%, p<0.001. La edad ≥75 años fue predictor independiente de mortalidad. Conclusiones : Uno de cada cuatro AM con IAM tiene más de 75 años; estos pacientes reciben menos reper fusión, presentan más insuficiencia cardíaca y sangrado y tienen el doble de mortalidad que los pacientes de entre 60 y 74 años.
Abstract Introduction : Currently the patient is defined as an older adult (OA) when the age is at least 60 years. Given the long life expectancy, it is interesting to evaluate whether all OAs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are equal. The objectives were to know the prevalence of OA in AMI and within them, that of those ≥75 years of age and to analyze characteristics, reperfusion treat ments and in-hospital mortality according to whether they are < or ≥ 75 years of age. Methods : OA patients admitted to the National Reg istry of Infarction with ST segment elevation (ARGEN-IAM-ST) were analyzed. They were divided into group 1: 60-74 years old and group 2: ≥ 75 years old and compared with each other. Results : 3626 AM, 75.9% from Group 1, the rest from Group 2. In group 2 there were more women, hyperten sive and with a history of coronary arteries. There was a similar percentage of diabetes and dyslipidemia, but fewer of smokers. In Group 2, less reperfusion treat ment was used (although more primary angioplasty), with similar door-to-balloon time. Patients in Group 2 received fewer medications of proven efficacy and in the hospital course, they had more bleeding (although not major), more heart failure and more mortality: 18.3% vs. 9.4%, p<0.001. Age ≥75 years was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions : one in four patients with AMI is over 75 years old; they receive less reperfusion, have more heart failure, bleeding and twice the mortality rate than patients between 60 and 74 years.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION/AIM: Older people with rheumatic diseases tend to have a greater number of associated comorbidities, which will require the use of more drugs, increasing the risk of hospitalizations, complications, and drug interactions. In Mexico, there has been an estimated prevalence of polypharmacy of up to 55%, however there are scarce reports on the topic in our elderly population with rheumatic diseases. We aimed to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy and the association of drug interactions in patients treated for rheumatic disease. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients undergoing treatment for rheumatic diseases who were treated in geriatrics and rheumatology clinics from January to December 2021. The presence of polypharmacy and drug interactions was evaluated using the BOT Plus Pharmacological Surveillance System. The prevalence of polypharmacy and the association of drug interactions were estimated. RESULTS: We evaluated 320 patients, with a mean age of 67.05±5.8 years, predominantly female (85%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was 68.1% (n=218), of which 214 (98.1%) patients had related drug interactions; 27.1% were severe and 53.2% as moderate interactions. Factors related with increased risk of drug interactions were being exposed to hypertension increased the risk of drug interactions (POR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44-2.14; P<0.001), having osteoarthritis (POR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.42; P=0.032) and thyroid disease (POR 1.45, 95% CI 1.28-1.65; P=0.001). The most prevalent serious interactions were leflunomide-methotrexate in 27 (46.5%) patients and buprenorphine-tramadol in 8 (13.7%). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of polypharmacy and drug interactions was observed in elderly patients with rheumatic diseases. The main associated factors were comorbidities, particularly high blood pressure, osteoarthritis and thyroid diseases.
Subject(s)
Drug Interactions , Polypharmacy , Rheumatic Diseases , Humans , Female , Aged , Male , Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Prevalence , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Comorbidity , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
SUMMARY: This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 - Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 - Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 - Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 - Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 - Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1- Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 - Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 - Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 - Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 - Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex.
Este estudio ttuvo como objetivo investigar tipologías corporales basadas en una combinación de características antropomorfológicas básicas y composición corporal, medidas por bioimpedancia multicanal, en una muestra de la población adulta del Líbano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 302 sujetos (173 hombres y 129 mujeres) sin trastornos de salud agudos o crónicos. La composición corporal se midió mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica multicanal (BIA), utilizando el dispositivo i30 (MEDIANA, Corea). La investigación utilizó 10 variables, incluidas tres variables antropomorfológicas básicas, tres para evaluar la grasa, tres para evaluar el componente muscular y una variable índice. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados de K-medias para definir cinco conglomerados específicos (5D) de tipos de cuerpo según el sexo. En base a los resultados, el estudio estableció cinco grupos distintos que representan cinco tipologías corporales diferentes entre los adultos libaneses, categorizados por sexo: muestra masculina, grupo 1: endomorfo obeso (15,61 %), grupo 2: mesomorfo equilibrado (16,76 %), grupo 3 - Endomorfo Corto (30,06 %), Grupo 4 - Mesomorfo Corto (34,10 %), y Grupo 5 - Endomorfo Obeso Patológico (3,47 %); Muestra femenina, Grupo 1: Endomorfo obeso (2,33 %), Grupo 2: Endo/mesomorfo corto (28,68 %), Grupo 3: Ectomorfo corto (32,56 %), Grupo 4: Endomorfo (22,48 %) y Grupo 5: Mesomorfo equilibrado (13,95 %). Además, los resultados indicaron que el factor principal que contribuye a las distinciones entre los grupos identificados en términos de sexo es el tejido adiposo. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las diferencias dadas son causadas por los hábitos alimentarios, más que por el nivel de actividad física, independientemente del sexo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Somatotypes , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Adipose Tissue , Analysis of Variance , Electric Impedance , LebanonABSTRACT
El 25% de los pacientes con Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales (EII) se diagnostican antes de los 20 años. En la mayor parte de los centros del país se lleva a cabo la "transferencia" del paciente desde un centro de atención pediátrico a uno de adultos. La "transición" es un criterio de calidad con beneficios en el control de la EII reduciendo el número de recaídas, de hospitalizaciones y de cirugías. Por tal motivo hemos desarrollado un Programa Interdisciplinario de Transición entre dos hospitales de referencia nacional e internacional en EII. Materiales y métodos: Entre 1/2021 y 12/ 2022 se incorporaron 24 pacientes que ingresaron en 3 fases: Fase 1 Pacientes entre 14 y 16 años asistidos en el Hospital Garrahan (HG) con un abordaje interdisciplinario. Fase 2. A partir de los 17 años se realizaron 2 (dos) encuentros en el HG en conjunto con gastroenterólogos de adultos evaluando adherencia y autonomía y la Fase 3 llevada a cabo en el Hospital B. Udaondo (HBU) sólo con el equipo de adultos luego de 6 meses de realizada la transferencia evaluando adherencia al tratamiento, consultas a emergencias, internación y/o cirugías Resultados: Al inicio del Programa el 66% de los pacientes presentaban una actividad moderada a severa vs el 8% al finalizar la fase 3. Luego de la transferencia el 12,5% necesito ingreso a guardia e internación y un 8% tratamiento quirúrgico. El 83% de los pacientes continúan en seguimiento luego de 6 meses de haber sido transferidos (AU)
Twenty-five percent of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are diagnosed before the age of 20 years. In most centers in the country, the "transfer" of the patient from a pediatric to an adult care center is done. However, "transition" is a quality criterion with benefits in the control of IBD by reducing the number of relapses, hospitalizations, and surgeries. For this reason, we developed an Interdisciplinary Transition Program between two national and international reference hospitals in IBD. Materials and Methods: Between January 2021 and December 2022, we incorporated 24 patients into a three-phase program. Phase 1 involved patients between 14 and 16 years of age seen at Garrahan Hospital (HG) with an interdisciplinary approach. Phase 2 began from 17 years of age, with two meetings held at HG involving adult gastroenterologists to evaluate adherence and autonomy. Phase 3 was conducted at Hospital B. Udaondo (HBU) only with the adult team, six months after the transfer, evaluating adherence to treatment, emergency consultations, hospitalizations, and/or surgeries. Results: At the beginning of the program, 66% of the patients presented with moderate to severe disease activity, compared to 8% at the end of Phase 3. After the transfer, 12.5% of the patients required emergency department visits and hospitalization, and 8% required surgical treatment. Eighty-three percent of the patients continue in the program and are still being followed up six months after the transfer (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Adolescent , Transition to Adult Care/organization & administration , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Patient Care Team , Chronic Disease , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, en un grupo de personas adultas mayores costarricenses. Materiales y métodos: Se contó con un grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69.38) y otro para el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69.31). Se utilizó la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young, versión argentina, de 25 ítems. Se efectuó un análisis por juicio de personas expertas y un estudio piloto, para establecer la escala por validar; posterior a esto, se realizó el estudio de validación completo. Se aplicaron análisis factoriales y alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: El análisis factorial extrajo dos factores denominados: a) "capacidad de autoeficacia" y b) "capacidad de propósito y sentido de vida". La consistencia interna en el nivel global fue 0.84 (21 ítems); para el primer factor, 0.81, y para el segundo factor, 0.74. Conclusiones: El instrumento es confiable y válido para valorar los niveles de resiliencia desde una óptica integral e interdisciplinaria, en una población de personas adultas mayores con las características similares a las de la muestra estudiada. A futuro, se recomienda realizar análisis cualitativos para delimitar mejor los constructos, con base en las características de la población.
Abstract Purpose: To analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale Argentine version in a Costa Rican elderly group. Materials and methods: The study had two groups, one for the pilot study (N = 40, X = 69.38), and another for the analysis of the psychometric properties (N = 100, X = 69.31). The 25-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, Argentine version, was used. An analysis by expert judgment and a pilot study were carried out to establish the scale to be validated, after which, the complete validation study was carried out. Factor analyzes and Cronbach's alpha were applied. Results: They were obtained two factors named: a) "selfefficacy capacity", and b) "purpose in life capacity". The global internal consistency was 0.84, for the first factor was 0.81 and for the second factor was 0.74. Conclusions: The scale generated is reliable and valid to assess resilience in an elderly people with similar characteristics to the present study. In the future, it is recommended to carry out qualitative analyzes to better define the constructs based on the characteristics of the population.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, em um grupo de pessoas idosas costarriquenhas. Materiais e métodos: Um grupo piloto (N = 40, X = 69,38) e outro grupo para a análise das propriedades psicométricas (N = 100, X = 69,31) foram utilizados. A Escala de Resiliência Wagnild e Young, versão argentina, com 25 itens, foi utilizada. Para estabelecer a escala a ser validada, foi realizada uma análise de julgamento por especialistas e um estudo piloto, após o qual foi realizado o estudo de validação completo. A análise fatorial e o alfa de Cronbach foram aplicados. Resultados: A análise fatorial extraiu dois fatores: a) "capacidade de autoeficácia" e b) "capacidade de propósito e significado na vida". A consistência interna ao nível global foi de 0,84 (21 itens); para o primeiro fator foi de 0,81 e para o segundo fator foi de 0,74. Conclusões: O instrumento é confiável e válido para avaliar níveis de resiliência a partir de uma perspectiva holística e interdisciplinar em uma população de idosos com características semelhantes às da amostra estudada. Recomendam-se futuras análises qualitativas para melhor delimitar as construções com base nas características da população.
ABSTRACT
El desarrollo de nuevos abordajes terapéuticos ha generado un aumento en la esperanza de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM). Se trata de un grupo de enfermedades heterogéneas desde la clínica y los posibles tratamientos. La transición en los pacientes con ENM, implica un gran desafío por presentar niveles intelectuales dentro de rangos promedio, compromisos motor, respiratorio y cardiológico progresivos que resulta en aumento de la dependencia física conforme aumenta la necesidad de autonomía emocional del adolescente. La descripción de transiciones exitosas en ENM incluye intervenciones psicosociales individuales o grupales con un enfoque multidimensional e interdisciplinario, que contemple la participación de la familia para reducir la ansiedad y la preocupación sobre sus hijos. En el Hospital Garrahan los pacientes con ENM son atendidos dentro del Programa de Atención, Docencia e Investigación de Pacientes con Enfermedad Neuromuscular desde 2008. En este trabajo nos proponemos describir la experiencia en transición pre y post pandemia, de los adolescentes con ENM en seguimiento en el Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan (AU)
The development of new care and therapeutic approaches has generated an increase in the life expectancy of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), a group of heterogeneous diseases from a clinical point of view. The transition in patients with MND involves a great challenge due to progressive motor, respiratory and cardiological compromises that result in an increase in physical dependence as the adolescent needs emotional autonomy. The description of successful transitions in patients with MND includes individual and psychosocial interventions with a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach with family participation. Since 2008, we developed a Care, Teaching and Research Program for Patients with NMD Disease at the Garrahan Hospital. The objective of this work is to describe the pre- and post-pandemic transition experience of adolescents with NMD follow-up in our hospital (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Patient Care Planning , Transition to Adult Care/organization & administration , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Patient Care Team , Family , Chronic Disease , Hospitals, PediatricABSTRACT
En las últimas décadas los avances médicos han permitido la sobrevida de los niños con cardiopatías congénitas hacia la adolescencia y adultez. Un número sustancial de pacientes tienen lesiones persistentes o residuales que requerirán asistencia durante toda la vida. El manejo exitoso durante el proceso de transición en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita (CC) requiere un enfoque integral y colaborativo. Es fundamental desarrollar un programa de transición planificado que incorpore educación y autocontrol. La educación continua y la participación activa de pacientes y familias son esenciales. La formación de especialistas y la creación de unidades de atención de Adolescentes y Adultos con cardiopatía congénita (AACC) garantizarán una mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida en esta creciente población de pacientes en Argentina. La investigación continua y la implementación de mejores prácticas, con el apoyo de políticas sanitarias, son clave para abordar los desafíos y controversias en la gestión de la transición y transferencia (AU)
In recent decades, medical advances have allowed children with congenital heart disease (CHD) to survive into adolescence and adulthood. A substantial number of these patients have persistent or residual lesions that require lifelong care. Successful management during the transition process for patients with CHD requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. It is critical to develop a planned transition program that incorporates education and self-management. Continuing education and the active participation of patients and families are essential. The training of specialists and the creation of Adolescent and Adult Congenital Heart Disease (AACHD) care units will ensure greater survival and quality of life for this growing patient population in Argentina. Continued research and implementation of best practices, supported by health policies, are key to addressing the challenges and controversies in transition and transfer management (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Patient Care Team , Cardiology Service, Hospital , Continuity of Patient Care , Quality Improvement/trends , Transition to Adult Care/organization & administration , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
En este escrito nos proponemos relatar y sistematizar los aspectos centrales de la estrategia de gestión, formación y atención diseñada por el Servicio de Inmunología y Psicología Institucional del Hospital Garrahan junto a los Hospitales Durand y Posadas para la transición de adolescentes con inmunodeficiencias primarias a la atención de adultos. La formalización de las primeras transiciones comenzó en 2007 con el Hospital Durand y progresivamente se fueron complejizando y expandiendo los procesos y actores participantes, sumándose el Hospital Posadas y otros centros de atención que reciben un porcentaje menor de pacientes. El eje central de la estrategia fue la implementación de un sistema de rotaciones para los residentes del último año de la especialidad de adultos por el servicio de pediatría. La formalización de la estrategia también readecuó de manera gradual aspectos internos de la atención de los adolescentes en el hospital pediátrico. En una etapa posterior se implementaron encuentros por videoconferencia con centros de adultos para redefinir acuerdos entre los servicios. Además, la asociación civil de pacientes (Asociación de Ayuda al Paciente con Inmunodeficiencias Primarias - AAPIDP) cumplió un rol relevante desde los primeros años de la estrategia. Estas acciones propiciaron la creación de una red de formación y cuidados en inmunodeficiencias primarias para la transición (AU)
In this article, we aim to describe and systematize the central aspects of the management, training, and care strategy designed by the Departments of Immunology and Institutional Psychology of the Garrahan Hospital, in collaboration with the Durand and Posadas Hospitals, for the transition of adolescents with primary immunodeficiencies to adult care. The first transitions were formalized in 2007 with the Durand Hospital. Over time, the processes and actors involved have become more complex and expanded, incorporating the Posadas Hospital and other care centers that receive a smaller percentage of patients. The central axis of the strategy was the implementation of a rotation system for residents in their final year of the adult specialty in the Department of Pediatrics. The formalization of the strategy also led to gradual readjustments in the internal aspects of adolescent care within the pediatric hospital. In a later stage, videoconference meetings with adult centers were implemented to redefine agreements between departments. Additionally, the patient association (Asociación de Ayuda al Paciente con Inmunodeficiencias Primarias - AAPIDP) has played a significant role since the early years of the strategy. These actions have led to the creation of a network for training and care in primary immunodeficiencies for the transition (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Telemedicine , Continuity of Patient Care , Transition to Adult Care/organization & administration , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/therapy , Internship and Residency , Self-Help Groups , Family , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Introdução: O diagnóstico precoce quanto às perdas auditivas é essencial para minimização do impacto social em relação à rotina laboral e na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Caracterizar a associação entre a perda auditiva em trabalhadores com doenças metabólicas. Método: Estudo transversal retrospectivo de dados secundários de prontuário com o tratamento das doenças metabólicas, os dados foram coletados em duas clínicas de saúde ocupacional (C1 e C2) em Florianópolis - Santa Catarina (Brasil), no período de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2022, considerando exames referenciais a partir do ano de 2005. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas do programa Microsoft Excel® e, posteriormente, exportados e analisados no software MedCalc® Statistical Software versão 22.006. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 97 pacientes (71 homens e 26 mulheres), expostos ao ruído ocupacional (p = 0,0047), com diagnóstico de ao menos uma doença metabólica (41,20%) e prevalência de medicamentos da classe ATC H (p = 0,0465) e Losartana® (OR = 1,6976). Conclusão: O ruído ocupacional é o principal fator de risco auditivo nas empresas analisadas, e a presença de doença metabólica poderá influenciar em alterações dos limiares auditivos. Para reduzir a vulnerabilidade dessa população, é necessário a promoção, educação e conscientização dos trabalhadores nos aspectos de saúde. (AU)
Introduction: Early diagnosis of hearing loss is essential to minimize the social impact in relation to work routine and quality of life. Objective: Analyze the association between hearing loss in workers and metabolic diseases. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study of secondary data on the use of medications in metabolic diseases, the data were collected in two occupational health clinics (C1 and C2) in Florianópolis - Santa Catarina (Brazil), from January 2020 to December 2022, considering references from exams from the year 2005. The data were organized in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets and subsequently exported and analyzed using the MedCalc® statistical software version 22.006. Results: The data of 97 patients (71 men and 26 women) exposed to occupational noise (p = 0.0047), diagnosed with at least one metabolic disease (41.20%) and prevalence of ATC H class medications (p = 0.0465) and Losartan® (OR = 1.6976). Discussion andConclusion: Occupational noise is the main auditory risk factor, and the presence of metabolic disease can influence hearing thresholds. To reduce the vulnerability of this population, it is necessary to promote, raise awareness and educate, using approaches related to health aspects at work. (AU)
Introducción: El diagnóstico precoz de la pérdida auditiva es fundamental para minimizar el impacto social en la rutina laboral y la calidad de vida. Propósito: Analizar la asociación entre pérdida auditiva en trabajadores y enfermedades metabólicas. Metodología: Estudio transversal retrospectivo de datos secundarios sobre el uso de medicamentos en enfermedades metabólicas; Los datos fueron recolectados en dos clínicas de salud ocupacional (C1 y C2) en en Florianópolis - Santa Catarina (Brasil), de enero de 2020 a diciembre de 2022, considerando referencias de exámenes del año 2005. Los datos fueron organizados en hojas de cálculo Microsoft Excel®. y posteriormente exportados y analizados. utilizando el software estadístico MedCalc® versión 22.006. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 97 pacientes (71 hombres y 26 mujeres) expuestos a ruido ocupacional (p = 0,0047), diagnosticados con al menos una enfermedad metabólica (41,20%) y prevalencia de medicamentos clase ATC H (p = 0,0465). y Losartan® (OR = 1,6976). Discusión y Conclusión: El ruido ocupacional es el principal factor de riesgo auditivo y la presencia de enfermedad metabólica puede influir en los umbrales auditivos. Para reducir la vulnerabilidad de esta población es necesario promover, sensibilizar y educar utilizando enfoques relacionados con aspectos de salud en el trabajo. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Noise, Occupational/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Resumen El bienestar psicológico es un importante factor protector de la salud mental, particularmente en población vulnerable como los adultos mayores. Por lo tanto, es necesario contar con instrumentos de medición válidos, confiables e invariantes para su adecuado uso, con fines de evaluación e intervención psicológica. Este estudio se propuso analizar las evidencias de validez, confiabilidad e invarianza factorial de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (BIEPS-A) en una muestra de adultos mayores peruanos. Participaron 522 adultos mayores, de 60 a 93 años (M = 70.81, DE = 7.62), quienes respondieron la Escala BIEPS-A. Se encontraron adecuados índices de ajuste para un modelo de tres factores correlacionados: x2/gl = 1.631, CFI = .988, TLI = .984, SRMR = .0470, y RMSEA = .0350. También se halló relación entre las puntuaciones de la BIESP-A y el WHO-5 (r = .504), lo que es evidencia de validez convergente. Así mismo, se halló evidencia de confiabilidad de las puntuaciones con los coeficientes alfa (α) y omega (ω) (> .80). Finalmente, se encontró evidencia parcial de invarianza factorial en función al sexo (ΔCFI < .010, ΔRMSEA < .015). Se concluyó que la escala BIEPS-A reúne evidencias de validez, confiabilidad e invarianza parcial respecto al sexo para su correcto uso en adultos mayores peruanos.
Abstract Psychological well-being is an important protective factor for mental health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to have valid, reliable, and invariant measurement instruments for their proper use for psychological assessment and intervention purposes. This study aimed to analyze the evidence of validity, reliability, and factor invariance of the Psychological Well-Being Scale (BIEPS-A) in a sample of older Peruvian adults. Participants were 522 older adults, from 60 to 93 years old (M = 70.81, SD = 7.62), who answered the BIEPS-A Scale. Adequate fit indices were found for a model of three correlated factors: x2/gl = 1.631, CFI = .988, TLI = .984, SRMR = .0470, and RMSEA = .0350. A relationship was also found between the scores of the BIESP-A and the WHO-5 (r = .504, r2 = .254), which is evidence of convergent validity. Likewise, evidence of reliability of the scores with the alpha (α) and omega (ω) coefficients (> .80) was found. Finally, partial evidence of factor invariance based on gender was found (ΔCFI < .010, ΔRMSEA < .015). It was concluded that the BIEPS-A scale gathers evidence of validity, reliability and partial invariance with respect to sex for its correct use in older Peruvian adults.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Las redes sociales virtuales atraen a diferentes usuarios por las múltiples potencialidades e impactos característicos de esta sociedad tecnológica. El propósito de este estudio es identificar las redes sociales virtuales más usadas por los jóvenes, los motivos personales de uso y la relación de su utilización con la percepción de soledad y las habilidades de autoexpresión en escenarios sociales. En particular, se evalúan las diferencias de tales usos en función de la edad, el nivel de escolaridad y el género. En el estudio participaron 251 jóvenes adultos españoles con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 40 años (X = 26.33, D.T. = 5-91) contactados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se observó que el uso de las redes sociales virtuales se ve aumentado en los participantes con bajas habilidades sociales, altos niveles de soledad y más jóvenes. Destacan los motivos de aburrimiento y evasión o escape para usar los espacios digitales y se registra una tendencia en los jóvenes de la generación Z (18 a 28 años) a utilizar más las redes sociales virtuales, en comparación con los de la generación Y (29 a 40 años). Como conclusiones, se señala la conveniencia de controlar el uso problemático de las redes sociales virtuales y de entrenar las habilidades sociales para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales.
Abstract Virtual social networks are attracting different types of users thanks to the multiple potentialities and impacts characteristic of this technological society. The aim of this study is to identify the virtual social networks most used by young people, as well as the personal reasons for use and their negative effects in relation to the perception of loneliness and their self-expression skills in social settings. As specific objectives, it is proposed to determine the differences in such uses depending on age, level of education and gender. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out so that 251 young Spanish adults between the ages of 18 and 40 years old participated (X = 26.33, DT. = 5-91). It has been verified that the use of social networks is increased when presenting low social skills, having high levels of loneliness and the younger one is. The reasons for boredom and evasion or escape in the use of these digital spaces stand out, and a tendency is observed in the young people of Generation Z (young people between 18 and 28 years old) to use VSN more in comparison with the previous Generation Y (with a range of 29 to 40 years old). It emphasizes the convenience of controlling the problematic use of social networks, training social skills to improve interpersonal relationships and strengthening emotionally.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with multiple short- and long-term complications including depression, and cognitive impairment (CI). However, older adults with CI after COVID-19 have not been fully documented. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cognitive function in Mexican adults post-recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, we assess cognitive function (CF) by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test with a cut-off less than 26 points, and functional status via telemedicine. Eligible patients with a history of moderate-severe COVID-19 aged ≥60 years, cognitively healthy (evaluated by Everyday Cognition Scale) and required admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) were included. Patients with history of dementia, stroke, and delirium during the cognitive evaluation were excluded. The association between CI and COVID-19 was assessed with a Cox regression model. RESULTS: From the 634 patients admitted to the ICU, 415 survived, afterward 308 were excluded and 107 were analyzed. Mean age was 70 years, 58% were female, and 53% had severe COVID. The mean MoCA score was 21±5 points, CI was present in 61 patients (57%). Infection severity (RR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11-3.15, p<0.05), lower education (RR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97, p<0.01), and activity daily living disability (RR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.07-3.26, p<0.05) were the main factors associated with CI (unadjusted model by age and sex). The delayed recall, orientation, and language (83.2, 77.6 and 72.9% respectively) domains were the most affected in patients with CI. CONCLUSIONS: Fifty-seven percent of patients analyzed developed CI six months post-ICU discharge due to SARS-CoV-2, and COVID severity was the main factor associated to its outcome.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cognition , Cognitive Dysfunction , Humans , COVID-19/complications , Female , Male , Aged , Mexico , Prospective Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Middle Aged , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Time Factors , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Intensive Care Units , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the main tools for integrative geriatric assessment and their use in Ecuador. We performed a narrative review with a comprehensive and systematic literature search. 261 original articles were obtained from the primary search, and after the discrimination by the researchers, 76 articles were included in the final analysis. Integrative geriatric assessments cover different areas, including cognitive function, affective function, nutritional status and functionality, and seve-ral tools that are used worldwide for this purpose. In Ecuador, a deeper analysis of their use is required to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy and applicability to impro-ve health outcomes for the elderly population.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir las principales herramientas de evalua-ción integral geriátrica y su uso en el Ecuador. Realizamos una revisión narrativa con una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva y sistemática. De la búsqueda primaria se obtuvieron 261 artículos originales, y luego de la discriminación por parte de los investigadores, se incluyeron 76 artículos en el análisis final. La evaluación ge-riátrica cubre diferentes áreas, incluida la función cognitiva, la función afectiva, el estado nutricional y la funcionalidad, y se utilizan varias herramientas en todo el mundo para este propósito. En Ecuador se requiere un análisis más profundo de su uso para evaluar su eficacia diagnóstica y aplicabilidad con el fin de mejorar los resultados de salud de la población adulta mayor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Health of the Elderly , Geriatrics/methods , Primary Health Care , Weights and Measures , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Acute rhinosinusitis is a common condition, mainly of viral etiology and self-limiting course. There is coexistence of microbiological agents that favor bacterial superinfection. Therefore, it is necessary to know evidence that supports diagnostic approach in adults out- patients. Having reviewed the evidence, we mention the isolated symptoms and signs have such a low performance to guide the diagnostic approach, some with statistical evidence such as hemifacial pain, colored nasal discharge and radiographic alterations suggestive of rhinosinusitis. Also, it is possible to improve clinical performance by combining suggestive findings. The imaging study has little evidence that supports them, because non-specific and non-concordant findings. Finally, empirical management with antibiotics does not statistically or clinically modify the evolution of an acute non-complicated condition.
La rinosinusitis aguda es una condición frecuente, principalmente de etiología viral y de curso autolimitado. Existe coexistencia de agentes microbiológicos que favorece la sobreinfección bacteriana. Por ello, es necesario conocer la evidencia que dirige el enfrentamiento diagnóstico en pacientes adultos ambulatorios. Habiéndose revisado la evidencia, mencionamos que los síntomas y signos aislados poseen bajo rendimiento para guiar el proceso diagnóstico, destacando algunos con mejores atributos diagnósticos, pero de significancia estadística bastante discreta, como lo son el dolor hemifacial, la descarga nasal coloreada y alteraciones de la radiografía sugerentes de rinosinusitis. También, que se puede mejorar discretamente el rendimiento clínico combinando algunos de estos hallazgos sugerentes. El estudio imagenológico posee poca evidencia que lo respalde, dado la presencia de hallazgos inespecíficos o no concordantes, inclusive en pacientes asintomáticos. Finalmente, respecto de manejo empírico con antibióticos, destaca que su uso no modifica estadística ni clínicamente la evolución de un cuadro agudo no complicado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/drug therapy , Nasal Polyps/drug therapy , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Signs and Symptoms , Radiography , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the first symptoms and signs of patients with suspected infection or sepsis and their association with the composite outcome of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study between June 2019 and March 2020. SETTING: Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Colombia. PATIENTS: Over 18 years of age with suspicion or confirmation of sepsis, which required hospitalization. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Symptoms and signs associated with infection, with their time of evolution, specified in the study. RESULTS: From 1005 eligible patients, 261 were included. After multivariable adjustment with a logistic regression model, the main factors for ICU admission or mortality were heart rate (OR 1.04 with 95% CI 1.04-3.7), respiratory rate (OR 1.19 with 95% CI 1.0-1.4) and capillary refill time (OR 3.4 with 95% CI 1.9-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate, respiratory rate, and capillary refill may behave as early predictors of ICU admission and mortality in cases of sepsis.
Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Sepsis , Humans , Sepsis/mortality , Colombia/epidemiology , Male , Prospective Studies , Female , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Aged , Hospital Mortality , Heart Rate , Respiratory Rate , Infections/complications , AdultABSTRACT
Introduction: Introduction: changes in cognitive performance and memory of older adults (OA) can interfere in their reporting their diet. Objective: to evaluate the impact of memory bias in dietary estimation between OA and their primary caregivers (PC) through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Mexican OA and weighed food records (WFR). Methods: the present analysis uses the estimated dietary information based on the response provided by 51 older adults (OA) and their primary caregivers (PC) from the validation study of the FFQ for Mexicans OA was conducted during lockdowns for COVID-19. The personnel who applied FFQ and WFR were trained with standardized instruments and procedures. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the intake per day of the foods and food groups, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the grams of intake per day of the food groups, and kappa coefficient was used to compare the level of food items and food groups between OA and PC. Results: in 11 of 14 food groups, no significant differences were observed between the amounts of intake reported by OA and PC. In the groups of dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, moderate agreement was observed (κ = 0.63 to 0.79), and in the rest of the groups was strong to perfect (κ ≥ 0.80). Correlation of the amount of intake between OA and PC was high in all food groups (r ≥ 0.87). Conclusion: the high correlation and high agreement between the amounts and frequencies of the food groups consumed as reported by the older adults and primary caregivers indicate that the information from both respondents is reliable.
Introducción: Introducción: los cambios cognitivos y la memoria que presentan los adultos mayores (AM) pueden interferir al momento de reportar los alimentos de su dieta. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del sesgo de memoria en la estimación de la dieta entre AM y sus cuidadores principales (CP) a través del cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (CFA) para AM mexicanos y el registro de peso de alimentos (RPA). Métodos: el presente análisis utiliza la información dietética estimada con base en la respuesta proporcionada por 51 adultos mayores (AM) y sus cuidadores principales (CP) del estudio de validación del CFA para AM mexicanos que se realizó durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. El personal que aplicó CFA y RPA fue capacitado con instrumentos y procedimientos estandarizados. Se utilizó prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar la ingesta por día de los alimentos y grupos de alimentos, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para evaluar los gramos de ingesta por día de los grupos de alimentos y el coeficiente kappa para comparar el nivel de alimentos y grupos de alimentos entre AM y CP. Resultados: en 11 de 14 grupos de alimentos no se observaron diferencias significativas entre las cantidades de ingesta reportadas por AM y CP. En los grupos de lácteos, frutas, verduras y legumbres se observó concordancia moderada (κ = 0,63 a 0,79), y en el resto de los grupos fue de fuerte a perfecta (κ ≥ 0,80). La correlación de la cantidad de ingesta entre AM y CP fue alta en todos los grupos de alimentos (r ≥ 0,87). Conclusión: La alta correlación y la alta concordancia entre las cantidades y frecuencias de los grupos de alimentos consumidos según lo informado por los adultos mayores y los cuidadores principales indican que la información de ambos encuestados es confiable.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Caregivers , Diet Records , Diet Surveys , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Caregivers/psychology , Aged , Male , Female , Middle Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/psychology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Diet , Aged, 80 and over , Memory , Mexico , Surveys and Questionnaires , BiasABSTRACT
Introduction: Introduction: most studies that analyze the relationship between diet quality and obesity have a cross-sectional design; an alternative with repeated cross-sectional data is a pseudo-panel design. Objective: to estimate the association between trends in dietary patterns, defined by a diet quality index, and body mass index (BMI) of Mexican adults between 2006 and 2016. Methodology: a pseudo-panel analysis was performed using data from cross-sectional surveys: National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Mexico (ENSANUTs) 2006 and 2012 and the Midway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 (ENSANUTMC). Cohorts (n = 108) were constructed by grouping adults 20-59 years old by sex (men n = 6,081 and women n = 11,404), education level, and year of birth. The association between diet quality (defined with the Healthy Eating Index-2015) and BMI was estimated using a fixed effects model, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: a one-point increase in the proportion of women with high diet quality was associated with 4.1 points lower BMI (p = 0.014) compared with women with low diet quality when excluding sub-reporters of energy, the same association is observed when physical activity is included in the model. No association was found between diet quality and BMI in men, possibly because of the existence of latent classes within sociodemographic strata, therefore diet qualiy is inversely associated with BMI only in some categories of sociodemographic strata. Conclusions: these results contribute to the evidence in the longitudinal analysis between diet and BMI, highlighting the importance of differentiating the population by sex and sociodemographic characteristics. These results are input for public policy creation that promotes improving the quality of the population's diet as part of multisectoral strategies to reduce overweight and obesity in Mexican adults.
Introducción: Introducción: muchos estudios que analizan la relación entre calidad de la dieta y obesidad son transversales; una alternativa con datos transversales repetidos es el diseño de pseudopanel. Objetivo: estimar la asociación entre patrones alimentarios definidos mediante un índice de calidad de la dieta y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adultos mexicanos entre 2006 y 2016. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de pseudopanel utilizando datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición de México (ENSANUTs) de 2006 y 2012 y la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de medio camino de 2016 (ENSANUTMC). Se construyeron cohortes (n = 108) agrupando datos de adultos entre 20 y 59 años, por sexo (hombres n = 6,081, mujeres n = 11,404), nivel de escolaridad y año de nacimiento. La asociación entre calidad de la dieta (definida mediante el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta 2015) y el IMC se estimó con un modelo de efectos fijos, ajustado por características sociodemográficas. Resultados: un aumento de 1 punto en la proporción de mujeres con calidad de dieta alta se asoció con 4,1 puntos menos de IMC (p = 0,014) comparado con las mujeres con calidad de dieta baja; al excluir a las subreportadoras de energía, la misma asociación se observó incluyendo la actividad física al modelo. No se encontró asociación entre calidad de dieta e IMC en los hombres, posiblemente debido a la existencia de subgrupos dentro de los estratos sociodemográficos, lo cual hace que la calidad de la dieta esté inversamente asociada al IMC solo en algunas categorías de los estratos. Conclusiones: estos resultados contribuyen a la evidencia longitudinal entre dieta e IMC, destacando la importancia de estratificar por sexo y características sociodemográficas. Los resultados son un ínsumo para crear políticas públicas que promuevan mejorar la calidad de la dieta como parte de estrategias multisectoriales para disminuir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los adultos mexicanos.