ABSTRACT
Introducción En el presente trabajo se considera a la cirugía conservadora como abordaje efectivo para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Se describe el surgimiento de la cirugía oncoplástica para la reparación de secuelas derivadas del tratamiento conservador. Se presenta una reseña de la anatomía de la mama: la glándula mamaria desde la conformación de su parénquima, su localización, vascularización e inervación. Luego, se considera la segmentación de la mama: descripción de la segmentación clásica de la mama y la más reciente elaborada por Acea B y cols., para la identificación de zonas críticas en el abordaje quirúrgico y la predicción de potenciales secuelas del mismo. Desarrollo El desarrollo de este trabajo se organiza en torno a los siguientes temas: Consideraciones en el tratamiento oncoplástico del cáncer de mama. Factores a tener en cuenta ante la indicación de una cirugía conservadora: el volumen mamario, la localización y volumen tumoral. Toma de decisiones y aplicabilidad de una técnica reconstructiva adecuada a la paciente en un tiempo adecuado. Reconstrucción mamaria. Descripción de las principales técnicas de acuerdo con la localización tumoral. Reconstrucción mamaria con colgajos locales: técnicas e indicaciones de cirugía reconstructiva con colgajos de vecindad. Secuelas del tratamiento quirúrgico conservador. Clasificación de las mismas y técnicas de reparación. Conclusiones Se resumen las observaciones finales en cuanto a la aplicabilidad de la cirugía oncoplástica y su articulación con el tratamiento conservador.
Introduction Conservative surgery as an effective approach for breast cancer treatment. The emergence of oncoplastic surgery to repair sequelae derived from conservative treatment. Breast anatomy: the conformation of mammary gland´s parenchyma, its location, vascularization and innervation. Breast segmentation: description of the classical segmentation, and the most recent one elaborated by Acea B et al., to identify critical areas in the surgical approach as well as to predict possible sequelae. Development Considerations of the oncoplastic treatment of breast cancer. Factors to consider in the indication of breast-conserving treatment: breast volume, location and tumor volume. Decision making and the application of a suitable reconstructive technique for each patient at an appropriate time. Breast reconstruction. Description of the main techniques according to the tumor location. Breast reconstruction with local flaps: techniques and indications of reconstructive surgery with neighborhood flaps. Breast-conserving treatment's sequelae. Classification and repairment techniques. Conclusions Final observations regarding the application of oncoplastic surgery and its articulation with conservative treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms , Mastectomy, Segmental , MammaplastyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: According to the literature, periauricular combined with submandibular or cervical incision is used in nearly every parotidectomy. The aim of this study was to present the results of the use of only periauricular incision in parotid surgical procedures. DESIGN: A case series with planned data collection. SETTING: Patients of the author were operated on at the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-one consecutive partial or total parotidectomies (27 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 9 of other benign tumors, 3 of parotid cysts, and 2 of chronic parotiditis) were performed using only periauricular incision. RESULTS: The parotid tumors were removed in all cases with no need for any further skin procedures, as the incisions produced a good aesthetic result. All patients presented temporary hypoesthesia in the area that had been operated on for no more than 6 months. Ear discomfort was reported by 18 patients for a short period of time. Local infection occurred in 1 case successfully treated with systemic antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that periauricular incision is a high-quality and highly aesthetic option for surgical procedures concerning benign conditions of the parotid gland.