Enhancing C and N turnover, functional bacteria abundance, and the efficiency of biowaste conversion using Streptomyces-Bacillus inoculation.

Microbial inoculation plays a significant role in promoting the efficiency of biowaste conversion. This study investigates the function of Streptomyces-Bacillus Inoculants (SBI) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) conversion, and microbial dynamics, during cow manure (10% and 20% addition) and corn straw co-composting. Compared to inoculant-free controls, inoculant application accelerated the compost's thermophilic stage (8 vs 15 days), and significantly increased compost total N contents (+47%) and N-reductase activities (nitrate reductase: +60%; nitrite reductase: +219%). Both bacterial and fungal community succession were significantly affected by DOC, urease, and NH4+-N, while the fungal community was also significantly affected by cellulase. The contribution rate of Cupriavidus to the physicochemical factors of compost was as high as 83.40%, but by contrast there were no significantly different contributions (∼60%) among the top 20 fungal genera. Application of SBI induced significant correlations between bacteria, compost C/N ratio, and catalase enzymes, indicative of compost maturation. We recommend SBI as a promising bio-composting additive to accelerate C and N turnover and high-quality biowaste maturation. SBI boosts organic cycling by transforming biowastes into bio-fertilizers efficiently. This highlights the potential for SBI application to improve plant growth and soil quality in multiple contexts.

Identification of bacterial community in a rapid composting method using 16SrDNA genes sequencing.

Composting is a process of microbial degradation of organic waste and is commonly applied for waste management. This is a slow process and requires a lot of land and human resources. The present study investigated mechanical augmentation with required microbial culture for composting municipal solid waste (MSW). Thirty isolates were subjected to 16S rDNA PCR amplification and gene sequencing. The isolates' sequencing from the compost samples was processed on BLASTn. Fourteen strains were identified for further experiments. The results divulge that Empedobacter (04), Bacillus (02), Proteus (02), Lactiplantibacillus (01), Klebsiella (01), Citrobacter (01), Brevibacillus (01), E. coli (01) and one unidentified strain were growing during composting. Eleven combinations of bacterial consortium and respective additives were applied for the organic waste decomposition in the next stage, resulting in varied completion periods ranging from 3 to 14 days. Two combinations were completed within 3 days, which are considered ideal combinations for composting. The microbial consortium was significantly diverse, which is a reason for rapid biodegradation. The present study reveals that the technology will be highly feasible for municipal solid waste management in tropical/subtropical countries.