The relationships between the campus built environment and walking activity.

Despite the gradual development of students' sedentary habits and associated health problems, only a few studies have extensively and systematically measured campus built environments (CBE) and their impact on street walking activity. This study explores the association between CBEs and pedestrian volume (PV). Comprehensive questionnaires, field audits, and GIS were used to measure the CBE variables and PV of 892 street segments on eight Chinese campuses in Tianjin. We used negative binomial regression models without spatial autocorrelations to investigate the relationship between the CBEs and PV. The findings indicated that campus Walk Score, facility and residential land ratio, campus design qualities, sidewalk conditions, street amenities, and other streetscape features were positively associated with PV. This study presents implications for campus research and planning practices in designing a pedestrian-friendly, sustainable, and healthy campus.

Neighbourhood environments and cognitive health in the longitudinal Personality and Total Health (PATH) through life study: A 12-year follow-up of older Australians.

BACKGROUND: Urban neighbourhood environments may impact older adults' cognitive health. However, longitudinal studies examining key environmental correlates of cognitive health are lacking. We estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of neighbourhood built and natural environments and ambient air pollution with multiple cognitive health outcomes in Australian urban dwellers aged 60+ years. METHODS: The study included 1160 participants of the PATH Through Life study (60+ cohort) who were followed up for 12 years (four assessments; 2001/02 to 2013/15) and with data on socio-demographics, health, cognitive functions and diagnoses, and full residential address. Neighbourhood environmental features encompassed population and street-intersection densities, non-commercial land use mix, transit points, presence of blue space, percentages of commercial land, parkland and tree cover, and annual average PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations. All exposures except for tree cover were assessed at two time points. Generalised additive mixed models estimated associations of person-level average, and within-person changes in, exposures with cognitive functions. Multi-state hidden Markov models estimated the associations of neighbourhood attributes with transitions to/from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS: Dense, destination-rich neighbourhoods were associated with a lower likelihood of transition to MCI and reversal to no MCI. Positive cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of non-commercial land use mix, street intersection density and percentage of commercial land were observed especially with global cognition and processing speed. While access to parkland and blue spaces were associated with a lower risk of transition to MCI, the findings related to cognitive functions were mixed and supportive of an effect of parkland on verbal memory only. Higher levels of PM2.5 and NO2 were consistently associated with steeper declines and/or decreases in cognitive functions and worse cognitive states across time. CONCLUSION: To support cognitive health in ageing populations, neighbourhoods need to provide an optimal mix of environmental complexity, destinations and access to the natural environment and, at the same time, minimise ambient air pollution.

The interplay between social environment and opportunities for physical activity within the built environment: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The association between social and built environments plays a crucial role in influencing physical activity levels. However, a thorough understanding of their combined impact remains unclear. This scoping review seeks to clarify the interplay between social environments and opportunities for physical activity within different built environments, with a particular focus on the implications of socioeconomic status and urban planning on physical activity participation. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search across several databases to identify studies exploring the associations between social factors, built environment characteristics, and physical activity levels. The inclusion criteria were studies published in English between 2000 and 2022, encompassing urban, suburban, and rural contexts. Thematic analysis was employed to categorise studies based on the specific aspects of the built environment they investigated (walking infrastructure, cycling infrastructure, parks and open spaces, and sports facilities) and the social determinants they examined. RESULTS: A total of 72 studies were included in the review, illustrating a multifaceted relationship between access to physical activity opportunities and social determinants such as socioeconomic status, community engagement, and urban design. The findings highlight the significant role of socioeconomic factors and the quality of PA infrastructure in promoting or hindering PA across communities. Effective urban planning was identified as crucial in providing expanded physical activity opportunities, notably through more pedestrian-friendly environments, comprehensive cycling infrastructure, and accessible green spaces and sports facilities. CONCLUSIONS: This review emphasises the significant impact of socioeconomic status and urban planning on access to physical activity opportunities. This underscores the necessity for urban planning policies to adopt an inclusive approach, considering the varied needs of different population groups to ensure equitable access to physical activity resources. Such strategies are crucial for public health initiatives aimed at enhancing physical activity levels across diverse community sectors, offering a potential avenue to alleviate health disparities associated with inactivity.

Transforming the residential built environment: Land-use policies and the influence of the growth machine across the United States.

What effects do growth machine actors have on transformation of the built environment in terms of localities' enacted land-use policies and actual development? To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to answer this question for communities across the United States. We draw on the growth machine theory and speak to some of its proponents' puzzling findings that policies designed to limit growth often facilitate it. Our analysis is grounded in the urban-quantitative tradition of large-sample studies of U.S. localities. We find that involvement of growth machine business actors in local government is related to transformation of the built environment as indicated by the issuance of new residential building permits. Intriguingly, involvement of local growth actors is also associated with greater use of land-use control policies, which, in turn, have positive rather than negative effects on issuance of new residential building permits. Thus, it seems growth machine actors support policies that outwardly appear to stymie growth, although they in practice do not. These findings suggest land-use policies are often designed with enough leeway for continued growth. Supporting such policies allows growth machine actors to publicly signal support for managed growth and environmental protection, although the reality on the ground remains business as usual.

A Comprehensive Accounting of Construction Materials in Belt and Road Initiative Projects.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) stands as the most ambitious infrastructure project in history, marked by its scale of investment, extensive geographical reach across continents and countries, and a diverse array of projects from roads to digital networks. While the BRI's environmental sustainability has raised concerns, the impacts of construction materials used in these projects have been overlooked, especially in developing countries. Here, we map and account for the materials embodied in the BRI by integrating, for the first time, official governmental project reports, geographical information, and material flow analysis. We pinpoint and analyze the BRI material stocks in each individual project by material types, countries, regions, and sectors. Between 2008 and 2023, 328 million tons of construction materials have accumulated in 540 BRI projects around the world, mostly in Asia and Africa. Aggregates (sand and gravel) constitute the largest share (82%), followed by cement, steel, and other materials. Most of the materials are used in transportation infrastructure. Our work further highlights some limitations in terms of data quality for such sustainability assessments. By shedding light on the significant impact of BRI projects on raw material usage across the globe, this study sets the stage for further investigations into environmental impacts of BRI and material stock-flow-nexus from perspective of an initiative.

Inferring building height from footprint morphology data.

As cities continue to grow globally, characterizing the built environment is essential to understanding human populations, projecting energy usage, monitoring urban heat island impacts, preventing environmental degradation, and planning for urban development. Buildings are a key component of the built environment and there is currently a lack of data on building height at the global level. Current methodologies for developing building height models that utilize remote sensing are limited in scale due to the high cost of data acquisition. Other approaches that leverage 2D features are restricted based on the volume of ancillary data necessary to infer height. Here, we find, through a series of experiments covering 74.55 million buildings from the United States, France, and Germany, it is possible, with 95% accuracy, to infer building height within 3 m of the true height using footprint morphology data. Our results show that leveraging individual building footprints can lead to accurate building height predictions while not requiring ancillary data, thus making this method applicable wherever building footprints are available. The finding that it is possible to infer building height from footprint data alone provides researchers a new method to leverage in relation to various applications.

Considering multi-scale built environment in modeling severity of traffic violations by elderly drivers: An interpretable machine learning framework.

The causes of traffic violations by elderly drivers are different from those of other age groups. To reduce serious traffic violations that are more likely to cause serious traffic crashes, this study divided the severity of traffic violations into three levels (i.e., slight, ordinary, severe) based on point deduction, and explore the patterns of serious traffic violations (i.e., ordinary, severe) using multi-source data. This paper designed an interpretable machine learning framework, in which four popular machine learning models were enhanced and compared. Specifically, adaptive synthetic sampling method was applied to overcome the effects of imbalanced data and improve the prediction accuracy of minority classes (i.e., ordinary, severe); multi-objective feature selection based on NSGA-II was used to remove the redundant factors to increase the computational efficiency and make the patterns discovered by the explainer more effective; Bayesian hyperparameter optimization aimed to obtain more effective hyperparameters combination with fewer iterations and boost the model adaptability. Results show that the proposed interpretable machine learning framework can significantly improve and distinguish the performance of four popular machine learning models and two post-hoc interpretation methods. It is found that six of the top ten important factors belong to multi-scale built environment attributes. By comparing the results of feature contribution and interaction effects, some findings can be summarized: ordinary and severe traffic violations have some identical influencing factors and interactive effects; have the same influencing factors or the same combinations of influencing factors, but the values of the factors are different; have some unique influencing factors and unique combinations of influencing factors.

Health Equity in All Urban Policies: A Case Study of Richmond, California.

Local governments working in partnership with communities can institutionalize practices that promote health equity. We offer a case study of how one city in the US is implementing Health in All Policies (HiAP) with the explicit aim of promoting health equity. We use participant observations, original document reviews and interviews to describe how Richmond, California, is building new partnerships, programs and practices with community-based organizations and within government itself as part of the implementation of its HiAP Ordinance. We also report on indicators that were identified by community and government stakeholders for tracking progress toward improving place-based determinants of population health. We find that the responsibility for implementing Richmond's HiAP Ordinance rests on a new institution within local government and this entity is building new partnerships, promoting innovative policies and augmenting practices toward greater health equity. We also reveal how city governments and community partners can collaboratively track progress toward health equity using locally gathered data.

Do Publicly Funded Neighborhood Investments Impact Individual-Level Health-Related Outcomes? A Longitudinal Study of Two Neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA from 2011 to 2018.

Research examining the relationship between a neighborhood's built-environment and resident health or health-related outcomes has largely either focused on static characteristics using a cross-sectional research design or focuses on the neighborhood in its entirety. Such an approach makes it difficult to understand how specific dynamic neighborhood characteristics are associated with individual well-being. In this analysis, we use longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Research on Neighborhood Change and Health (PHRESH) studies to assess the relationship between publicly funded neighborhood investments occurring across seven years (2011-2018) on five health-related outcomes: food insecurity, stress, perceived neighborhood safety, neighborhood satisfaction, and dietary quality. We additionally utilize this dataset to determine whether the distance between an individual's place of residence and the investment, as measured at the neighborhood, 1 mile, and ½ mile level, effects the magnitude of associations. Using individual and year fixed effects models, we find that when measured at the neighborhood level, a one standard deviation increase in investments (about $130 million dollars) is associated with decreased food insecurity (-0.294 sd), increased safety (0.231 sd), and increased neighborhood satisfaction (0.201 sd) among adults who remain in the study for at least two waves of data collection. We also analyze specific investment types and find that commercial investments are largely driving the changes in food insecurity, safety, and neighborhood satisfaction, while business investments are correlated with the decrease in stress. We find no relationship between investments and dietary quality.

Circular economy in construction - findings from a literature review.

The paper aims to enable a comprehensive definition for a Circular Economy (CE) that will support its effective introduction in the building and construction sectors. According to the European Commission (EC), the building sector in 2020 accounted for 40 % of the primary energy demand in the European Union (EU) and 37 % of its greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, the sector can play a crucial role in decarbonisation and hence in achieving a zero-emissions future in response to climate change. A CE aims to harmonise economic growth with environmental protection and is based on the concept of closing the loop with minimal practical waste as in a natural ecosystem. The adoption of CE concepts is therefore seen as a feasible response to climate change through the deployment of more sustainable construction processes that significantly reduce the need for natural resources by maximising recycling and reuse. However, and despite the recognition of the potential of a CE in relation to sustainability issues, the adoption of a CE model within building and construction sectors is challenging because of the wide range of aspects and priorities which are reflected in the diversity of definition resulting in a narrow and limited adoption. There are currently many definitions of CEs as related to building and construction in the literature, creating confusion and preventing effective implementation. The study presented here intends, using a comprehensive literature review as its basis, to define the key domains of a CE on which to align a concise and accurate definition that will enable effective application in the building and construction sectors. The research also aims to identify current research gaps and barriers to contribute to the future of CE research in the building sector and thus drive the implementation of CE projects to mitigate the effects of climate change and support the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by laying the foundations for a novel and forward-looking approach to circularity based on properly established, defined and understood principles of CEs.

Exploring Environmental Considerations for Terminally Ill Pediatric Patients in Palliative Care Inpatient Units: A Narrative Review.

Background: The end-of-life experience is significantly influenced by the surrounding environment, emphasizing the importance of exploring built environmental factors in palliative care, especially for pediatric patients. As the majority of end-of-life individuals are elderly or adults, most studies have focused on the environment for this demographic. However, it is essential to recognize that children and adolescents may have distinct needs in this regard. Aim: This narrative review aims to explore the impact of the built environment on pediatric end-of-life patients in inpatient units within palliative care settings. Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across four key databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) to identify relevant articles. The screening process commenced with an initial assessment of article titles and abstracts, followed by a thorough examination of full-text studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis involved thematic analysis facilitated by NVIVO software and informed by the findings extracted from selected literature. Results: The review identified 22 studies meeting inclusion criteria, revealing key insights into environmental considerations in pediatric palliative care. Four themes emerged, highlighting the significance of activities and play environments, accommodation spaces for patients, supportive spaces for families, and outdoor and green spaces. Conclusions: Acknowledging limited research on architectural aspects and reliance on family and staff perspectives, future studies should prioritize understanding pediatric patients' perspectives, particularly adolescents. The study underscores the importance of enhancing environmental design in pediatric palliative care to meet the unique needs of patients and their families.

Neighbourhood Environments and Lifestyle Behaviours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: Early prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the high risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Residential neighbourhood features can promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risk, but less is known about their role in lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D, and no studies used comparisons to healthy controls. METHODS: We examined associations between residential neighbourhood features and lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Data were analyzed from the CARdiovascular Disease risk factors in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 100 adolescents with T1D (14 to 18 years) from a pediatric diabetes clinic in Montréal, Canada, and 97 healthy controls. Outcomes included physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometry), screen time and sleep duration (questionnaires), and dietary habits (24-hour recalls). Cluster analysis of selected neighbourhood indicators computed for participants' postal codes resulted in 2 neighbourhood types: central urban and peri-urban. Central urban neighbourhoods were characterized by very high population density, high active living index, numerous points of interest, higher social deprivation, higher residential mobility, and lower median household income compared with peri-urban neighbourhoods. Associations of neighbourhood type with lifestyle behaviours were estimated with multiple linear regressions and interactions by T1D status were tested. RESULTS: Living in central urban neighbourhoods was associated with greater daily minutes of moderate-to-vigourous physical activity (beta = 8.61, 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 15.44) compared with living in peri-urban neighbourhoods. No associations were observed for other lifestyle behaviours, and no statistically significant interactions were found between neighbourhood type and T1D status. CONCLUSION: Features that characterize central urban built environments appear to promote physical activity in adolescents, regardless of T1D status.

Factors Associated With Leisure-Time Bicycling Among Adults in the United States: An Urban-Rural Comparison.

BACKGROUND: Bicycling is a healthy form of physical activity that can be performed by most adults as part of leisure-time (LT) activity. However, little is known about LT bicycling behaviors, especially in the rural areas of the United States. This study sought to contrast the prevalence and factors associated with LT bicycling in populations living in urban settings with those living in rural settings. METHODS: The 2019 Behavior Risk Factor Survey, which contains information regarding LT physical activity behaviors among adults (N = 396,261) in the United States, was used to determine the prevalence, demographic profile, and likelihood of meeting the physical activity guidelines of LT bicyclists. The 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban/Rural Classification Scheme was used to classify respondents living in rural and urban settings. RESULTS: Among US adults, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.7-3.9) reported LT bicycling activity, the sixth most common physical activity. Adults living in urban counties compared with rural counties had a greater prevalence of LT bicycling (3.9% vs 2.3%, respectively), with adults living in rural counties having a 34% lower probability of LT bicycling. Rural bicycling prevalence rates were lower across all demographics. Urban bicyclists, compared with rural bicyclists, cycled more months of the year. Overall, 85.5% of all bicyclists met the aerobic physical guidelines, with no differences between urban and rural bicyclists. CONCLUSIONS: Bicycling remains an important LT physical activity among adults in the United States. However, a rural-urban difference in the prevalence does exist for LT bicycling. The reasons for this disparity warrant further investigation.

Building running-friendly cities: effects of streetscapes on running using 9.73 million fitness tracker data in Shanghai, China.

The association between built environment and physical activity has been recognized. However, how and to what extent microscale streetscapes are related to running activity remains underexplored, partly due to the lack of running data in large urban areas. Moreover, few studies have examined the interactive effects of macroscale built environment and microscale streetscapes. This study examines the main and interactive effects of the two-level environments on running intensity, using 9.73 million fitness tracker data from Keep in Shanghai, China. Results of spatial error model showed that: 1) the explanatory power of microscale streetscapes was higher than that of macroscale built environment with R2 of 0.245 and 0.240, respectively, which is different from the prior finding that R2 is greater for macroscale built environment than for microscale streetscape; 2) sky and green view indexes were positively associated with running intensity, whereas visual crowdedness had a negative effect; 3) there were negative interactions of land use Herfindahl-Hirschman index with sky and green view indexes, while a positive interaction was observed for visual crowdedness. To conclude, greener, more open and less visually crowded streetscapes, can promote running behavior and enhance the benefits of land use mix as well. The findings highlight the importance of streetscapes in promoting running behavior, instead of a supplement to macroscale built environment.

Exploring the group heterogeneity in the impact of social cohesion on the walking frequency of older adults in China.

Background: Walkable neighborhoods are closely related to an increase in walking frequency and the strengthening of social cohesion. These factors, in turn, contribute to lower BMI and other positive health-related outcomes. However, with a rapid increase in aging populations in China and the fact that women are facing more challenges than men as they age, especially mobility challenges because they tend to live longer leading to probabilities to become widowed. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to understanding the gender difference between these relationships. Methods: Based on a survey of 533 older adults in Dalian, China, this study tried to investigate the intertwined relationship between perceived walkability, social cohesion, walking frequency, and BMI. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) and multiple-group analysis were applied to test the proposed framework. Results: First, results show that gender differences existed among the above interrelationships, and the most substantial gender gap was found in effects of social cohesion on BMI. Second, perceived walkability only has a direct effect (0.149) on walking frequencies for female seniors. Third, although the relationships between perceived walkability and BMI are not directly related in both male and female models, the indirect connection (-0.053) is substituted for female seniors. Besides, the inhibiting effect of walking on BMI, which is -0.511, is also valid for female seniors. Finally, in terms of the role of social cohesion, both the positive impacts of perceived walkability on it (0.225 for males and 0.325 for females) and its promoting effects on walking have been confirmed in male (0.142) and female models (0.103). The negative direct effect of social cohesion on BMI (-0.083) is only confirmed in male seniors. Conclusion: Insights derived from this analysis can help bring forward gender-specific interventions to build a more inclusive walkable and social environment to improve the mobility and physical health of older adults.

The role of emotion in urban development decision-making: A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of decision-makers.

People's feelings about their neighbourhoods are important for health, but they may be undervalued in urban development decision-making. This study explores how decision-makers understand and respond to residents' emotions. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on a secondary dataset consisting of 123 interviews with influential professionals in urban development decision-making. We developed three themes and one subtheme: '(mis)understanding residents' emotions', 'neglecting the health impact of positive emotions', 'avoidance of emotion in community engagement' and 'sanitized emotions'. We recommend decision-makers engage directly with residents' emotions during urban development processes to ensure healthier place-making.

Social Integration among Adults Aging with Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Features in the Built and Natural Environment.

A growing number of adults are aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) acquired earlier in life. Social integration is important for health and participation after SCI. However, little is known about the role of the community built environment for supporting social integration among adults aging with SCI. Using a structured telephone survey with 182 adults aging with SCI in the Midwestern United States, we found that more community built environment facilitators (e.g., curb cuts, automatic doors, paved surfaces) and fewer barriers (e.g., gravel surfaces, crowds) significantly increased the odds of regularly engaging in both formal and informal social activities.

Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children's Quality of Life.

Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.3-mile radius of 13 renovated parks compared to 197 children living near 11 control parks before and after the park intervention. QoL was measured using a modified version of the KINDL questionnaire, a health-related QoL scale that assessed children's physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, and well-being in home, peer, and school functioning. Linear mixed regression model was used to examine the difference in difference (DID) between the intervention vs. control group for QoL. We found a significant differential improvement in the physical well-being subscale of KINDL in the intervention vs. control group (DID = 6.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.85-11,85, p = 0.024). The effect was particularly strong among girls (DID = 7.88, p = 0.023) and children of the lowest socio-economic background (p < 0.05). No significant DID was found in other KINDL domains. Our study indicated a beneficial impact of improving park quality on the physical well-being of children residing in underserved neighborhoods. These findings lend support for investments in neighborhood parks to advance health equity.

Longitudinal bacterial community dynamics and sodium hypochlorite intervention in a newly built university building.

Urbanisation and building advancements have increased microbial growth in indoor environments, altering human interactions with these microorganisms. Restrooms and their sinks harbour diverse bacterial communities, that differ from those found in natural environments, that could have negative implications for human health. Over two and a half years, this study examined the diversity, temporal dynamics, and resilience of bacterial communities in restroom sink P-traps in a newly built university building. Structured into two phases, the first phase consisted of continuous monitoring of bacterial community dynamics for two years (n = 352), while the second phase involved an intervention with sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and subsequent sampling (n = 132). In the first phase, we show that sink communities converge, becoming more compositionally similar to other sinks within the building. Bacterial families such as Rhodocyclaceae and Flavobacteriaceae dominated across the sinks, and others such as Comamonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Enterbacteriaceae were highly prevalent. When comparing bacterial structure and composition to other sinks located on the university campus, the mean bacterial dissimilarity decreased over time, indicating compositional similarity, particularly with the newer buildings on campus. The second phase demonstrated resilience by the bacterial sink communities. Following bleach treatments, a distinct increase in Acinetobacter was observed. However, by the fourth week after bleach invention, bacterial communities had re-established to levels observed prior to treatment. This study had the unique opportunity to sample a newly built building before occupancy and for the subsequent two and a half years. The findings provide crucial insights into the development and resilience of sink P-trap bacterial communities in restrooms, laying the groundwork for more targeted approaches to disinfection strategies.

Examining Diabetes Status by the Social Determinants of Health Among Adults in Hawai'i.

The social determinants of health (SDoH) influence health outcomes based on conditions from birth, growth, living, and age factors. Diabetes is a chronic condition, impacted by race, education, and income, which may lead to serious health consequences. In Hawai'i, approximately 11.2% of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. The objective of this secondary cross-sectional study is to assess the relationship between the prevalence of diabetes and the social determinants of health among Hawai'i adults who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 2018-2020. The prevalence of diabetes among adults was 11.0% (CI: 10.4-11.5%). Filipino, Japanese and Native Hawaiian adults had the highest prevalence of diabetes at 14.4% (CI: 12.7-16.2%), 14.2% (CI: 12.7-15.7%), and 13.2% (CI: 12.0-14.4%), respectively. Poverty level and education were significantly associated with diabetes status. Within employment categories, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for retired and unable to work adults were large at AOR: 1.51 (CI: 1.26-1.81) and AOR: 2.91 (CI: 2.28-3.72), respectively. SDoH can impact the development and management of diabetes. Understanding the role SDoH plays on diabetes status is crucial for promoting health equity, building community capacity, and improving diabetes management.