Effects of racial teasing on adolescent marijuana use and nicotine vaping: An analysis of the Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.

BACKGROUND: Despite adverse effects of tobacco and marijuana use on the adolescent brain, its use among youth remains high. Previous research shows associations between bullying and risks of substance use; less is known about racial teasing. This study examines associations of racial teasing, marijuana and/or electronic vapor products (EVP) use among adolescents, using 2021 Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (VYRBSS). METHODS: VYRBSS is a self-reported survey which collects information on experiences with racial teasing and substance use. This analysis included 3,083 high school students ≥ 12 years old. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were performed for categorical variables. Multivariable models were adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: Racial teasing was associated with marijuana (AOR 1.89; CI 1.43-2.48) and EVP use (AOR 2.52; CI 1.91-3.31). Compared to Whites; Asians, Blacks, and Latinos were more likely to report racial teasing. Older heterosexual females reported higher use of marijuana and EVP. Blacks reported greater use of marijuana, whereas Whites were more likely to use EVP. EVP use was higher in females (AOR 1.73, CI 1.34-2.23), bisexual youth (AOR 1.68, CI 1.23, 2.30) and poor mental health (AOR 1.49, CI 1.16, 1.92). Marijuana use was associated with bisexuality (AOR 1.75, CI 1.28-2.39) and poor mental health (AOR 1.62, CI 1.27-2.07) as well. CONCLUSIONS: Every effort should be made by public health professionals in Virginia to prevent racial teasing among adolescents because it increases the odds of substance use, particularly in older females, youth who identify as bisexual, and those reporting poor mental health.

Nothing personal, it's the organization! Links between organizational culture, workplace bullying, and affective commitment.

Extensive attention in organizational research has been dedicated to workplace bullying, primarily focusing on its frequency and impact on both the victim and the bully, emphasizing interpersonal dynamics. This study extends current research by shifting the focus to the organizational level, examining the relationship between organizational culture and affective commitment, mediated by workplace bullying. Utilizing data from two surveys (N = 650 in 2012 and N = 553 in 2017), the study reveals that dimensions of organizational culture, such as assertiveness, performance orientation, and ingroup collectivism significantly influence work-related workplace bullying. Performance orientation and assertiveness are positively associated with increased bullying, whereas ingroup collectivism serves as a deterrent. In turn, work-related bullying negatively impacts affective commitment, while a culture characterized by high ingroup collectivism not only links negatively with bullying but also links positively with affective commitment. This work is one of the first studies to investigate the interplay among several dimensions of organizational culture, workplace bullying, and affective commitment, underscoring the importance of supportive organizational cultures in fostering healthy work environments.

The effect of workplace bullying on knowledge sharing of the employees in scientific and technological enterprises: a moderated mediation model.

PURPOSE: This study aims to understand how workplace bullying affects knowledge sharing among employees in Chinese scientific and technological enterprises. METHODOLOGY: A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 275 employees from scientific and technological enterprises of Yangtze River Delta, China. The survey utilized a general information questionnaire, a workplace bullying scale, an organizational belonging scale, a knowledge sharing scale, and a forbearance scale. A moderated mediation model was set up, and the hierarchical regression and the bootstrapping method were applied. FINDINGS: The empirical results indicated that workplace bullying has a negative effect on the knowledge sharing, and organization belonging has played mediating effect. Furthermore, Forbearance not only moderated the effect of workplace bullying on organizational belonging, but also moderated the mediated effect of organization belonging, and the effect will be stronger when employees are at a lower level of forbearance. IMPLICATIONS: This study offers important implications for scientific and technological enterprises. The findings imply that enterprises should discourage person-related workplace bullying to increase employees' intention to engage in knowledge-sharing behavior. Moreover, the manager of these firms should develop a culture of family so that they can care for the organization belonging.

Poly-bullying victimisation in Indonesia: Prevalence and factors related to children exposure to multiple bullying incidents, and its correlation to subjective well-being.

Research on bullying in Indonesia remains limited, revealing significant gaps in understanding its prevalence and underlying factors specific to the Indonesian context. This study addresses these gaps through a three-pronged approach: (a) assessing the prevalence of poly-bullying victimisation, (b) identifying factors associated with poly-bullying experiences, and (c) evaluating subjective well-being (SWB) in cases of poly-bullying by comparing it with uninvolved children. Cummins' theory of SWB homeostasis was employed to interpret the findings. The study included 10,051 children aged 10 and 12 years (50% girls) who reported experiencing poly-bullying in the past month. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Poly-bullying was measured across five indicators: physical, verbal, and emotional bullying by siblings and other children at school. The analysis considered five independent variables: sociodemographic factors, perceptions of family, friends, and school, and reported fights among students. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.000), though the model explained only 5.1% of the variance in poly-bullying victimisation. Poly-bullying was prevalent in both public and non-religious schools. Significant contributors included the frequency of fights among students (ß = 0.129) and the belief that friends would help (ß = 0.045). The study's implications for preventing poly-bullying victimisation were also discussed.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and bullying victimization from childhood to adolescence - A within-person cross-lagged approach.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subclinical symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentiveness coincide with an increased risk of peer victimization. What remains unclear are the developmental dynamics of these associations. In a sample drawn from two Norwegian birth cohorts (n = 872; 49.94 % girls), assessed biennially from age 6 to age 14, reciprocal relations between ADHD symptoms and victimization were examined while controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression. ADHD symptoms were assessed through clinical interviews with parents, whereas victimization was reported by teachers using questionnaires. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling revealed a consistent reciprocal within-person effect of increased ADHD symptoms on victimization, and vice versa. Analyses of subdimensions of ADHD projected a consistent cross-lagged bidirectional relationship between victimization and inattentiveness symptoms only, whereas no such reciprocity was found for hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. Results did not differ by gender. Findings suggest that the social context may constitute a vulnerability factor in the etiology of the inattentive subtype of ADHD, and at the same time, that inattentiveness symptoms pose a risk for becoming victimized.

Does Prosociality in Early-to Mid-Adolescence Protect Against Later Development of Antisocial Behaviours?

Connections between prosociality and antisocial behaviors have been recognized; however, little research has studied their developmental links longitudinally. This is important to illuminate during early adolescence as a sensitive period for social development in which prosociality could protect against the development of later antisocial behaviors. This study investigates the within-person developmental links between prosociality and antisocial behaviors, as well as a potential mediating role of peer relationships, across ages 11, 13, and 15 (N = 1526; 51% male) using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models. Results indicated that neither self-reported nor teacher-reported prosociality was associated with reduced aggressive behaviors but suggested a direct protective ('promotive') effect of teacher-reported prosociality on bullying perpetration. These findings suggest that promoting prosociality in early adolescence may help reduce some antisocial behaviors over early to mid-adolescent development. Improving prosociality could be explored as a target in intervention approaches such as school-based anti-bullying interventions.

The chain mediating effect of anxiety and inhibitory control between bullying victimization and internet addiction in adolescents.

Although some studies have revealed the association between bullying victimization and internet addiction in adolescents, the mediating and moderating factors between the two need to be further discussed. This study aimed to discuss the chain mediating role of anxiety and inhibitory control between bullying victimization and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven schools in five provinces of China by convenience sampling from February to March 2024. A total of 1673 participants (695 boys and 978 girls) with an average age of 15.86 ± 0.74 years were included in this study. Subjective data on bullying victimization, internet addiction, anxiety, inhibitory control were collected and analyzed, and a mediation model test was carried out. After controlling for age and gender, bullying victimization was found to be a significant predictor of internet addiction (ß = 0.098, p < 0.001). However, when anxiety and inhibitory control were added, the predictive effect was no longer significant (ß = 0.006, p > 0.05). Bullying victimization can predict internet addiction through anxiety and inhibitory control. It is suggested that guardians should provide adequate support to adolescent bullying victims in order to reduce the negative impact of bullying victimization on adolescents and prevent the occurrence of internet addiction.

Student Suicide in India: An Analysis of Newspaper Articles (2019-2023).

AIM: Student suicide is one significant public health concern across the world, including India. In recent years, the surge in suicide cases has further worried mental health professionals and policymakers. The current study analysed the reported student suicide cases published in four leading Indian newspapers. METHOD: Based on the analysis of newspaper reports published between 2019 and 2023, the study detected a total of 491 suicidal deaths of students. RESULT: The result revealed that academic reasons (academic dissatisfaction, academic stress and academic failure), institutional reasons (bullying, caste discrimination, ragging, harassment and toxic institutional culture), mental health issues (depression, psychological stress and anxiety), financial crisis and online gaming are the most commonly reported reasons behind student suicides. The majority of suicide victims were within the age range of 16-21 years. The highest number of suicide cases are reported from Kota, a city often referred to as the coaching capital of India. CONCLUSION: The study highlights considering changes in the academic curriculum to make academic programs less stressful for students. More importantly, policies should ensure that the academic campuses are free from harassment, bullying or similar aggressive experiences. Furthermore, emphasising students' mental health should be the education system's biggest priority.

Para-athletes are exposed to bullying as much as non-disabled athletes.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to bullying and high levels of anxiety are important determinants of the quality and duration of athletes' experiences of success. The aim of this study was to determine which behaviors are most commonly perceived as bullying by para athletes and whether the exposure to bullying or levels of trait anxiety differ between para athletes and non-disabled athletes. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study. Two groups consisting of professional para athletes (n = 104) and non-disabled athletes (n = 129) between the ages of 18-45 affiliated to the national athletics federation were included in the study. The questionnaire included information about demographics and the two scales, the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). RESULTS: Withholding information that could affect performance and spreading rumors (item 1,5) were the most frequently reported bullying behaviors. No statistically significant difference was found between para athletes and non-disabled athletes or between male and female genders in terms of total or any subdimension NAQ-R scores (p > 0.05). SAS-2 total and SAS-2-worry subdimension scores were significantly lower in the para athletes (p = 0.018 and p = 0.020). Total and all SAS-2 subdimension scores were significantly higher in female athletes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The knowledge about bullying exposure in para-athletes is quite limited. The para-athlete group has fewer opportunities than the non-disabled group in terms of financial opportunities, physical conditions, media coverage and many other aspects. However, in our study, they reported bullying exposure at a similar rate with the non-disabled group. Although there is a similar level of exposure, it is clear that the results will not be similar in the two groups due to the different psychological bases. According to the results of this study, it is thought that stakeholders who have responsibility for the para-athlete group should be further educated.

Bullying Victimization, Non-suicidal Self-injury, and Psychotic-like Experiences in Chinese Rural Adolescents: Exploring Transactional Associations.

Previous research has provided clues to the association between bullying victimization, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, these studies have been limited in their failure to examine both the directions of the associations and the underlying mediating mechanisms. Furthermore, there has been little investigation into the longitudinal associations among these variables in rural adolescents. This study aimed to address the aforementioned limitations by examining the bidirectional associations and the potential mediating mechanisms among bullying victimization, NSSI, and PLEs in a sample of Chinese rural adolescents. A total of 526 junior middle school students (42.6% males; average age = 14.62, SD = 1.15, age range = 12 to 16 years old) from a rural county in Guangdong province, China were recruited and assessed at three time points spanning one year. Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPMs) were employed to investigate the prospective focal longitudinal associations. CLPMs revealed that notable reciprocal associations were observed between bullying victimization and NSSI, as well as between NSSI and PLEs. Moreover, PLEs at Time 1 significantly predicted bullying victimization at Time 2. Additionally, only the indirect path from Time 1 PLEs to Time 3 bullying victimization via Time 2 NSSI was significant. This study sheds light on the bidirectional associations and underlying mediating mechanisms among bullying victimization, NSSI, and PLEs in rural adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between these factors and the need for targeted interventions to address the mental health concerns in this population.

The Effect of Empathy Training on Bullying Behavior in Juvenile Prisoners: A Quasi Experiment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of empathy training on bullying behavior in juvenile prisoners at the Bandung City Special Development Institute for Children. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test with control group. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 100 respondents (50 intervention group and 50 control group). Empathy training was conducted for 3 months as many as 4 sessions consisting of education, role play, watching movies, and reflection. Data collection used the Indonesian version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Univariate analysis used mean, min-max, and standard deviation values. Bivariate analysis used Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that in the intervention group, most respondents had high bullying behavior before the intervention (70%) and had low bullying behavior after the intervention (64%). In the control group, most respondents showed a high level of bullying behavior (80%) at pre-test and had high level of bullying behavior (78%) at post-test. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed ap value of <0.001, indicating that there was a significant effect on reducing bullying behavior in prisoners in LPKA Bandung City after being given empathy training. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a value of p<0.001 which means that there is a difference in the level of bullying behavior between the control and intervention groups. Conclusion: Empathy training is a recommendation for community nurses in Bandung City Special Development Institute for Children to implement community-based nursing interventions in preventing bullying in children and adolescents, especially adolescents in prison.

Workplace Bullying Experiences of Nurses From Diverse Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Groups.

AIM: To examine nurse workplace bullying relative to diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. METHODS: Using an annual organisational satisfaction survey from 2022, we identified free-text comments provided by nurses (N = 25,337). We identified and themed comments for specific bullying content among unique respondents (n = 1432). We also examined close-ended questions that captured organisational constructs, such as job satisfaction and burnout. We looked at differences by comparing diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups to the majority using both qualitative and quantitative data. RESULTS: For the free-text comments, themed categories reflected the type of bullying, the perpetrator and perceived impact. Disrespect was the most frequent theme with supervisors being the primary perpetrator. The reported bullying themes and workplace perceptions differed between nurses in the diverse gender identity and sexual orientation group compared to other groups. Nurses who reported bullying also reported higher turnover intent, burnout, lower workplace civility, more dissatisfaction and lower self-authenticity. CONCLUSION: Diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups are understudied in the nurse bullying research, likely because of sensitivities around identification. Our design enabled anonymous assessment of these groups. We suggest practices to help alleviate and mitigate the prevalence of bullying in nursing. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution. IMPACT: We examined differences in perceptions of nurse bullying between diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups compared to majority groups. Group differences were found both for thematic qualitative content and workplace experience ratings with members of minority groups reporting less favourable workplace experiences. Nurse leaders and staff can benefit from learning about best practices to eliminate bullying among this population. REPORTING METHOD: STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies.

Physical activity moderated the mediating effect of self-control between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction among college students.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among college students, taking into consideration the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of physical activity. A self-report survey was administered to college students from 4 universities in Guangxi, Liaoning, and Hunan provinces in China. Participants were asked to report their experiences of bullying victimization, level of MPA, self-control, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Mediation and moderation models were subsequently established to examine the relationships between variables. The results indicated a positive correlation between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Additionally, bullying victimization was negatively correlated with self-control. Bullying victimization significantly predicted MPA, and self-control partially mediated this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity moderated the association between bullying victimization and self-control among college students. The findings suggest that self-control plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Moreover, physical activity weakens the association between bullying victimization and self-control. Therefore, promoting physical activity to reduce MPA among college students who have experienced bullying victimization is highly recommended.

Motor self-efficacy and physical education in school bullying.

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in bullying rates in school. Bullying is characterized as a repeated set of malicious actions by an individual or group toward another individual in an imbalanced power dynamic, resulting in physical, psychological, social, or material harm to the victim, with the intention of causing social exclusion. The scientific literature has investigated the factors that influence this type of behavior, environmental factors, such as school location and student age, as well as other factors, such as gender and level of physical fitness, also play an important role. This study examined the correlation between motor self-efficacy and bullying, considering that physical activity acts as a regulator in these cases. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normality of the data distribution, and Spearman's Rho test was used to analyze the relationship between each dimension of the EBIPQ and E-AEM scores. The Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of each instrument. The results indicated a significant inverse correlation between the EBIP-Q and E-AEM in the variables of sex, educational stage and school environment. In conclusion, an inverse correlation was observed between motor self-efficacy and bullying, indicating that higher levels of motor self-efficacy are related to lower levels of bullying victimization. Motor self-efficacy could be used as a tool to reduce bullying situations at school. It would be important for government policies to encourage the practice of physical activity in all areas of life in order to improve motor self-efficacy and end bullying.

Examination of Cyberbullying Experiences of Social Media Users.

This study was carried out in a descriptive and cross-sectional design in order to examine the cyberbullying experiences of individuals using social media. This descriptive study was conducted online between June 16, 2022, and August 16, 2022, in Turkey. The data collection process was completed with 471 participants. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire. The mean questionnaire score was found to be 7.36 ± 6.99. Cyberbully, cybervictim, and cyberbystander scores of men were found to be higher than those of women. Also, cybervictim, cyberbully, and cyberbystander scores of those who experienced cybervictim or engaged in cyberbully were significantly higher (p < .05). A positive relationship was found between cyberbully and cybervictim (p = .000), between cyberbystander and cybervictim and cyberbully (p < .05), and between the Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire total scores and cybervictim, cyberbully, and cyberbystander (p < .05). Individuals should be given training on risky internet use and the correct use of technology to prevent cyberbullying. Families should also be supported in setting an example, setting rules, applying filtering software, determining online behavior rules, and communicating with the bully or victim child. Individuals should be informed about the steps to follow when exposed to cyberbullying. Although legal sanctions are effective on cyberbullying, it is recommended that a holistic study be planned and carried out according to the people's age group and development level to increase awareness about the phenomenon.

Self-ratings and peer-ratings of bullying perpetrators: Intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that differentiate bully subgroups.

Using a large sample of students (N = 1373; 40% girls; Mage = 14 years) from 54 classrooms in South Korea, this study identified subtypes of bullies based on specific combinations of self-reports and peer-reports and examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that explain the differences in characteristics between these identified groups. Latent profile analysis identified four subgroups of bullies: (a) non-bullies (59.5%), (b) peer-identified bullies (21%), (c) self-identified bullies (9.8%), and (d) self/peer-identified bullies (9.7%). Multinomial logistic hierarchical analysis revealed significant differences between the bully subgroups on the four intrapersonal factors (i.e., anti-bullying attitudes, perception of teachers' reaction to bullying, delinquent behavior, and depression; odds ratios [OR] ranged from 0.24 to 3.13) and three of the four interpersonal factors (i.e., overestimated popularity, rejection, and victimization; ORs ranged from 0.39 to 2.26). More specifically, compared to the peer-identified bully group, the non-bully and self/peer-identified bully groups showed opposite patterns of anti-bullying attitudes, delinquent behavior, and peer status (ORs ranged from 0.46 to 3.13). Relative to the peer-identified bully group, the self-identified bully group was more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms and perceive themselves as being victimized, was less likely to endorse anti-bullying attitudes, and had a less positive perception of teacher's reaction to bullying (ORs ranged from 0.24 to 1.40). Gender differences emerged as well. Implications for optimizing the screening of bullying perpetrators and anti-bullying interventions are discussed.

Linking Daily Victimization to Daily Affect Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality and Disturbance.

Bullying victimization is prevalent among adolescents and often linked to emotional problems. Prior studies have been focused on the concurrent or longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and emotional problems, but the daily associations and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Implementing daily diary method, the study aimed to examine the links between daily victimization and positive and negative affect as well as the mediating role of sleep quality and disturbance. A total of 265 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 11.65, SD = 0.74; 32.80% females) participated in this study and completed 7-day daily diaries on bullying victimization (traditional and cyber victimization), sleep quality and disturbance, and affect. As hypothesized, at the between-person level, sleep disturbance mediated the relationships between both traditional and cyber victimization and subsequent negative affect. At the within-person level, sleep quality mediated the pathway between traditional victimization and next-day negative affect; furthermore, sleep disturbance mediated the pathway between traditional victimization and positive affect the following day. These findings highlight the mediating roles of sleep quality and sleep disturbance in the relationships between stressful victimizing experiences and emotional problems and also provide novel insights into these associations.

Sibling bullying victimization and subjective well-being among children across 13 countries: The mediating roles of perceived social support and the moderating role of uncertainty avoidance culture.

BACKGROUND: While sibling bullying victimization has been recognized as a significant factor detrimentally impacting children's subjective well-being, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to investigate the potential mediating role of perceived social support, encompassing support from family, friend, teacher, and neighbor, as well as the moderating influence of uncertainty avoidance culture. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A sample of 19,328 children was obtained from Wave Three of Children's Worlds: International Survey of Children's Well-being in 13 countries. METHODS: The structural equation model (SEM) was used to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between sibling bullying victimization and children's subjective well-being. The multiple group analysis was carried out to assess the moderating role of uncertainty avoidance culture. RESULTS: This study reveals a negative association between sibling bullying victimization and children's subjective well-being (ß = -0.138, p < 0.001). Perceived support from family, friend, teacher, and neighbor emerges as a mediating mechanism in this relationship. Uncertainty avoidance culture moderates this relationship, and this association is stronger for children raised in a strong uncertainty avoidance culture (ß = -0.085, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study contribute to our comprehension of the nexus between sibling bullying victimization and children's subjective well-being. Moreover, this study extends the current body of knowledge by delving into the cultural disparities spanning various countries.

Bullying Involvement and Subtypes of Disabilities: Who is Likely to be Affected by What?

The current study uses latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression analysis to explore profiles of bullying and how they might be associated with the types of disabilities. LCA was used to determine a categorization of involvement in bullying among youth with various types of disabilities. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore how profiles of bullying involvement might be associated with types of disabilities. The study uses the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a large-scale survey completed on children's health, ages 0-17, in the United States. A total of 139,923 households were screened for eligibility. The study participants consisted of 50,212 caregivers of a child who completed the survey. Findings revealed that among caregivers of children without disabilities, 79.5% reported that their child was uninvolved, and 20.5% reported that their child was a victim of bullying. Children in the developmental disabilities, speech and/or language disorders, and learning disabilities groups, showed significant odds of being in the bullying victim group compared to those without any disabilities. The study did not find that children in any disability groups were likely to be in the perpetrator group.