Initial validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a sample of Chilean adults.

BACKGROUND: ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD) are stress-related disorders. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a widely used instrument to assess PTSD and CPTSD. To date, there is no evidence of the psychometric characteristics of the ITQ in Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the construct and concurrent validity of the Latin American Spanish adaptation of the ITQ in a sample of Chilean adults. METHODS: A sample of 275 Chilean young adults completed the ITQ, a traumatic life events checklist, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale short version. Four alternative confirmatory factor analysis models were tested. Correlation analyses were performed to determine concurrent validity with associated measures (number of reported traumatic events, number of adverse childhood experiences, anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk). RESULTS: The second-order two-factor (PTSD and DSO) and the correlated first-order six-factor model provided acceptable fit; however, the first model showed a better fit based on the BIC difference. The PTSD and DSO dimensions, as well as the six ITQ clusters showed positive correlations with reported number of traumatic life-events, reported number of adverse childhood experiences, levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk. CONCLUSIONS: The ITQ Latin American Spanish adaptation provides acceptable psychometric evidence to assess PTSD and CPTSD in accordance with the ICD-11.

This study is an initial validation of the Latin American Spanish adaptation of the ITQ with a Chilean young adults sample.The latent structure of the Latin American Spanish ITQ was better supported by a two-factor second-order model (PTSD/DSO); a six-factor correlated model was also acceptable.The six ITQ symptom clusters, as well as the PTSD/CPTSD dimensions were significantly positively correlated with three criterion variables: anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk.The number of potentially traumatic experiences, as well as number of exposure to adverse childhood experiences, was significantly associated with PTSD/CPTSD symptoms.

Thermal and Colorimetric Parameter Evaluation of Thermally Aged Materials: A Study of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A/Triethylenetetramine System and Fique Fabric-Reinforced Epoxy Composites.

The main modifications of thermal and colorimetric parameters after thermal aging of DGEBA/TETA system (plain epoxy) and fique-fiber woven fabric-reinforced epoxy composites are described. As a preliminary study, thermal analysis was carried out on epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 15, 30, 40 and 50% fique-fiber woven fabric. After this previous analysis, the 40% composite was chosen to be thermally aged, at 170 °C. Three exposure times were considered, namely, 0, 72, 120 and 240 h. Samples were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and colorimetry analysis. Significant color changes were observed after thermal aging combined with oxidation. It was also found that the thermal behavior of the plain epoxy showed greater resistance after thermal exposure. By contrast, the composites were more sensitive to temperature variations as a result of thermal stresses induced between fique fibers and the epoxy matrix.

Estado de la salud materna un análisis global a puertas de la endemia de la covid-19 / State of maternal health a global analysis on the point of the covid-19 endemia

Dentro de los cambios endémicos por la infección del SARSCoV-2, con efectos en el perfil epidemiológico de la mortalidad materna a nivel global, este articulo refleja los contraste en la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, más evidente en países de ingresos bajos a medianos, con debilidades en los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica que se ven influenciados por la superposición de datos relevantes en la atención prenatal , el parto y atención al recién nacido, el puerperio, y el acceso a la planificación familiar. Siendo necesario identificar las tendencias de mortalidad y morbilidad materna, para reducir el impacto sobre todo en grupos prioritarios.

Within the endemic changes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with effects on the epidemiological profile of maternal mortality globally, this article reflects the contrasts in accessibility to health services, more evident in low-income countries. to medium, with weaknesses in the epidemiological surveillance systems that are influenced by the overlapping of relevant data in prenatal care, delivery and newborn care, the postpartum period, and access to family planning. It is necessary to identify trends of maternal mortality and morbidity, to reduce the impact, especially in priority groups

Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory for ICD-11: Development and Evaluation in the Peruvian Correctional Setting / Inventario Integrativo de la Personalidad Dimensional para la CIE-11: desarrollo y evaluación en el sistema penitenciario peruano

Abstract Background: Personality disorder (PD) is an important predictor of the commission of crimes; however, there is a lack of clinical instruments adjusted to the characteristics of Peruvian convicts. Objective: To develop a reliable and valid comprehensive personality measurement instrument, the Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory, ICD-11 version (IDPI-11), according to the standards of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Method: A stratified simple of prisoners from the Huancayo Penitentiary (HP) was selected (n study 1 = 60; n study 2 = 1095). Results: High reliability indices(McDonald's _ _ .73) and adequate levels of content validity(CVI-S ≥ .87), construct validity, and criterion validity of the scales were found. This could explain the probability (a) of belonging to the group of inmates with instrumental or impulsive crimes (R2 N ≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021), and (b) that recidivism, designated by the prison security level imposed, increases (R2≥ .53, β ≥ 1.16, p ≤ .008). Conclusions: The instrument is a valid and reliable measure that allows a dimensional and integrative assessment of the personality of convicts of the HP, according to ICD-11 standards

Resumen Antecedentes: el trastorno de la personalidad (TP) es un predictor importante en la comisión de delitos; sin embargo, existe una ausencia de instrumentos clínicos para las características del convicto peruano. Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento de medición integral de la personalidad confiable y válido, el Inventario Integrativo de Personalidad Dimensional versión CIE-11 (IDPI-11), según los estándares de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11). Método: se utilizó una muestra estratificada de reclusos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Huancayo (EPH) (n estudio 1 = 60; n estudio 2 = 1095). Resultados: se encontraron altos índices de confiabilidad (ω de McDonald ≥ .73) y niveles adecuados de validez de contenido (CVI-S ≥ .87), constructo y criterio de sus escalas, pudiendo explicar la probabilidad de: (a) pertenecer al grupo de internos con delitos instrumentales o impulsivos (R2≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021);y(b) que la tendencia a reincidir, designada por el grado de seguridad penitenciaria impuesto, aumente (R2 ≥ .53, β ≥ 1,16, p ≤ .008). Conclusiones: el instrumento construido es una medida válida y confiable que permite una evaluación dimensional e integrada de la personalidad del convicto de la EP de Huancayo, de acuerdo con los estándares de la CIE-11.

Soil profile photograph dataset from central Mexico to delineate horizons and quantify coarse fragments.

This database consists of a digital photograph set of soil profiles from the physiographic provinces of the Trans-Mexican Neovolcanic Axis and Sierra Madre del Sur of central Mexico. Although the official and government databases of soil profiles from Mexico do not contain the percentage of coarse fragments (stoniness), they contain soil profile photographs from which the percentage of coarse fragments can be extracted. The dataset has two data source types: (a) Soil profile photographs taken in the field and (b) soil profile photographs from the official database of the government of Mexico. The images were analyzed using the Gallegos-Bautista (GB) method. In the GB method, the horizon delineation of the soil profiles includes preprocessing the profile image with k-means segmentation; conversion of the preprocessed image to CIE L*a*b* (lightness, red/green value, blue/yellow value) and HSV (hue, saturation, value) color systems; k-means segmentation of HSV and CIE L*a*b* images, delineation of horizons, and clarity and topography determinations of the outlined horizons. The soil groups studied correspond to the Andosol, Cambisol, Luvisol, Alisol, Kastanozem, Phaeozem, Umbrisol, and Solonchak groups, some of which had contrasting color horizons, allowing us to identify how to follow the analysis of the digital images according to the horizons of the soil profiles.

Health expenditures and causa mortis: an investigation on municipalities of the State of Paraná, Brazil / Gastos com saúde e causa mortis: uma investigação dos municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Gastos en salud y causa mortis: una investigación para los municipios del Estado de Paraná, Brasil

The Brazilian government shares the responsibility of financing public health among federal, state, and municipal levels. Health expenditures are thus uneven across the country and cannot contribute equally to health outcomes across disease categories. This study aims to identify how the health expenditures of municipalities affect the mortality rate in the state of Paraná by causa mortis. We considered years of life lost for each municipality, the chapters of the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision), and the elasticity of this measure in relation to public health expenditure. Considering the possibility of endogeneity, this study follows the instrumental variable approach in a panel of generalized method of moments - instrumental variable (GMM-IV) with fixed effects. Our results show that a 1% increase in health expenditure could decrease the average number of years lost specifically for some causes from 0.176% to 1.56% at the municipal level. These findings could elucidate policy perspective within state finance.

O financiamento da saúde pública é uma responsabilidade compartilhada entre as três esferas governamentais brasileiras, i.e., a federal, estadual e municipal. Logo, gastos divergem pelo território e não se poderia esperar que contribuíssem de forma homogênea para os desfechos de saúde em todos os tipos de doença. Este artigo busca identificar como gastos municipais afetam a taxa de mortalidade no Estado do Paraná dado sua causa mortis. Consideramos anos de vida perdidos para cada município, os capítulos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (10ª revisão) e estimamos a elasticidade dessa medida em relação aos gastos públicos em saúde. Considerando uma possível endogeneidade, este artigo segue a abordagem variável instrumental em um painel de método generalizado de momentos (GMM-IV) com efeitos fixos. Nossos resultados mostram que um aumento de 1% nos gastos municipais com saúde pode diminuir o número médio de anos perdidos entre 0,176% e 1,56% para algumas causas especificas de mortalidade. Nosso estudo pode lançar alguma luz sobre a perspectiva política das finanças dos estados.

La financiación de la salud pública es una responsabilidad compartida entre las tres esferas del gobierno brasileño, a nivel federal, estatal y municipal. En este sentido, los gastos son desiguales en el territorio, y no se puede esperar que contribuyan de forma homogénea a los resultados de salud en las distintas categorías de enfermedades. La función de este trabajo es identificar cómo los gastos de los municipios afectan a la tasa de mortalidad en el Estado de Paraná, por causa mortis. Se consideraron los años de vida perdidos para cada municipio, los capítulos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (10ª revisión), y se estimó la elasticidad de esta medida en relación con el gasto sanitario público. Teniendo en cuenta la posibilidad de endogeneidad, este trabajo sigue el enfoque de variables instrumentales en un panel de los método generalizado de momentos (GMM-IV) con efectos fijos. Nuestros resultados muestran que un aumento del 1% en el gasto sanitario puede disminuir el número medio de años perdidos específicamente por algunas causas del 0,176% al 1,56%, a nivel municipal. Esto puede arrojar algo de luz sobre la perspectiva política dentro de las finanzas de los estados.

Does the exposure to cigarette smoke influence the colour stability and mechanical properties of different orthodontic elastic ligatures? - in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the colour stability and mechanical resistance of orthodontic elastic ligature exposed to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Four commercial brands were used: Aditek® (GA), Eurodonto® (GE), Morelli® (GM) and Orthometric® (GO). Eight elastic ligature rings (for mechanical analysis) and eight 5×5mm fragments of the material (for colour stability analysis) were separated from each commercial brand for the control group (C) (n=64) and experimental group (E) (n=64). The control group was not exposed to cigarette smoke. Colourimetric status (CIEL*a*b* System) and light transmittance (% transmitted light) were evaluated using Vita Easyshade Compact and CM2600 spectrophotometers, respectively. The mechanical resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine (EMIC DL), performing tensile testing (speed 5mm/min). The analyses occurred at the following times: T0, before exposure to the smoke; T1, after the 1st exposure; and T2, after the 2nd exposure to cigarette smoke. Comparison between the groups and evaluation of the time effect were performed with the ANOVA/Tukey (a=0.05) and ANOVA-MR tests with Bonferroni correction (α=0.016). RESULTS: Significant differences were only observed for colour stability in the GA-E (NBS T2: 15.94±1.88) and GM-E (NBS T2: 16.11±4.54) groups (P<0.05); transmittance in the GA-E group (T2-T0: -9.07±5.01) (P<0.016) and mechanical resistance in the GA-C group (T2-T0: -0.95±0.61N) (P<0.016). CONCLUSION: The orthodontic elastic ligatures were sensitive to the cigarette smoke exposure regarding to loss of mechanical strength properties and change in colour stability.

Variation of color with baking time in snacks made with pregelatinized cassava.

Color is an importantaspect when formulating products, as the consumer will evaluate this aspect in the first instance. There is a growing interest in non-wheat producing regions to replace it with local sources of starches. However, the substitution of wheat flour affects characteristics such as texture, flavor, and color of the intermediate and final products. The objective of this work was to determine if the variation of the baking time allows reducing the color difference that the replacement of flour generates by dehydrated cassava puree (DCP). For that, four replacement levels were evaluated using the CIE-L * a * b * and CIE-L * C * H * methodology. The browning index and total color difference (ΔE) between samples with different replacement levels and between different stages of production were also evaluated. It was proved that the decrease in the baking time allowed the development of a similar coloring between snacks made with DCP and those made without substitution. Also, moisture values of less than 5% (dry basis) were obtained in the snacks. The browning index increased with the proportion of DCP in flour and doughs, but not in baked snacks. The pregelatinization of starches could be a mechanism to improve the quality of products with substitutions of wheat flour. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Color is a critical attribute of foods in consumer acceptance. The accelerated color development that pregelatinized cassava starch produces in the appearance of baked goods can be useful for food development. A quick color development can mean shorter exposure time to heat, which is important for some products with heat-sensitive components. Also, it is interesting to note that the cassava dehydrated puree is a gluten-free product.

Asignación diagnóstica del CIE-10 entre psicólogos en un hospital salvadoreño / ICD-10 diagnostic assignment among psychologists in a Salvadoran hospital

Objetivo. Describir la asignación del diagnóstico psiquiátrico realizado por psicólogos en un hospital de San Salvador. Metodología. Estudio transversal analítico de 307 consultas de salud mental entre adolescentes menores de 18 años que recibieron atención en el Hospital Nacional "Enfermera Angélica Vidal de Najarro". Se digitalizaron las consultas del período 2014-2016. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial y pruebas de chi-cuadrado globales para evaluar la asignación diagnóstica por bloque CIE-10 de tres psicólogos. Se controló la edad y el sexo del paciente, la fecha y el servicio hospitalario que generó la consulta. Resultados. En el modelo multinomial ajustado, el chi-cuadrado global para el efecto de cada psicólogo fue estadísticamente significativo; el efecto de cada psicólogo mostró una especificidad de resultado al comparar los diagnósticos del bloque F30-F39 con los diagnósticos del bloque F40-F49, de la CIE-10, fueron los más prevalentes en la muestra. Los valores ajustados para las probabilidades de diagnóstico por bloque CIE-10 sugieren variabilidad cuantitativa en el diagnóstico según el psicólogo que lo proporciona. Conclusiones. Se identifica variación en la asignación diagnóstica por bloques CIE-10 entre los psicólogos que trabajan en un hospital urbano de segundo nivel en San Salvador. Esto deberá estudiarse con mayor profundidad

Objective. To describe the psychiatric diagnoses made by psychologists at a hospital in San Salvador. Methodology. A cross-sectional analytical study of 307 medical consultations of adolescents' mental health (≤18 years old) provided at the "Enfermera Angélica Vidal de Najarro National Hospital." Handwritten registry Consultations from 2014 to 2016 were digitalized. Multinomial logistic regression and global chi-squared tests were used to evaluate diagnostic assignment by each ICD-10 block made by three professional psychologists. Patients' age and sex were controlled as well as date and type of service provided. Results. In the adjusted multinomial model, the global chi-squared for the effect of each psychologist was statistically significant, and the effect of each psychologist showed outcome specificity when diagnostic blocks F30-39 were compared with blocks F40-49, which were the most prevalent ICD-10 blocks in the sample. The adjusted probability values by ICD-10 diagnostic block suggest quantitative variability in diagnostic patterns according to the psychologist providing the diagnosis. Conclusions. Signs of a significant variation in ICD-10 block diagnostic assignment among psychologists working in an urban secondary hospital in San Salvador were detected, which should be carefully study

Caracterización del trastorno por videojuegos: ¿Una problemática emergente? / Characterization of Gaming Disorder: An Emerging Problem? / Caracterização do transtorno pelos videojogos: um problema emergente?

Resumen Objetivo. Sistematizar la literatura actual disponible en torno a la caracterización del trastorno por videojuegos (VDJ), aportando a la comprensión de este fenómeno en el contexto latinoamericano y su incidencia en la población infanto-juvenil. Método. Se utilizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, de corte analítico. Como eje de búsqueda se consideraron las categorías: (a) uso de las TIC, (b) videojuegos, (c) adicción y (d) trastorno por videojuegos, de acuerdo con estudios publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar, teniendo como referencia el DSM-V y CIE-11. Resultados. Las manifestaciones clínicas descritas para su uso adictivo son aún heterogéneas. También, se pudo observar que, cuanto más temprano se empieza, mayor será la frecuencia de su uso en edades posteriores, lo que aumenta las conductas de riesgo en el futuro y su incidencia en el tiempo de ocio y la recreación cotidiana. Conclusión. Los efectos que puede generar el uso problemático de dispositivos tecnológicos en el desarrollo de las personas, se contrapone al uso de los VDJ en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos como en el plano educativo. Adicionalmente, se reafirma el desafío de construir saberes e investigaciones multidisciplinares en torno al uso problemático de estos dispositivos.

Abstract Objective. Systematize the current literature available on the characterization of video game disorder, in order to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon in the Latin American context and its incidence in the child/youth population. Method. A systematic review and analysis of the literature was used. The following categories were considered lines of inquiry: (a) use of ICT, (b) video games, (c) addiction and (d) video game disorder, according to studies published in the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases, having the DSM-V and ICD-11as references. Results. The clinical manifestations of its addictive use are still heterogeneous. Also, it was observed that the earlier it starts, the greater the frequency of its use in later ages, which increases risk behaviors in the future and its incidence in leisure time and daily recreation. Conclusion. The effects that the problematic use of technological devices can generate in the development of individuals are contrasted to the use of video games in the treatment of various disorders, such as in the educational field. Additionally, the challenge of building knowledge and multidisciplinary research around the problematic use of these devices is reaffirmed.

Resumo Escopo. Sistematizar a literatura atual disponível sobre a caracterização do transtorno pelos videojogos (VDJ), aportando à compreensão de este fenômeno no contexto latino-americano e sua incidência na população infanto-juvenil. Metodologia. Foi empregada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, de corte analítico. Como eixo de procura foram consideradas as categorias: a) uso das TIC, b) Videojogos, c) Vício e d) transtorno pelos videojogos, de acordo com estudos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar, tendo como referencia o DSM-V e C1E-11. Resultados. As manifestações clínicas descritas para o seu uso aditivo ainda são heterogéneas. Também, foi observado que, quanto mais cedo começar, maior será a frequência do seu uso em idades posteriores, o que aumenta as condutas de risco no futuro e sua incidência no tempo de ócio e a recreação cotidiana. Conclusão. Os efeitos que pode gerar o uso problemático de dispositivos tecnológicos no desenvolvimento das pessoas, está contraposto ao uso dos VDJ no tratamento dos diversos transtornos como no plano educativo. Além do mais, é reafirmado o desafio de construir saberes e pesquisas multidisciplinares sobre o uso problemático de estes dispositivos.

Sensory profile and technological characterization of boneless dry-cured ham with lactulose added as a prebiotic.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the technological and sensory profile of boneless dry-cured ham added with different contents of lactulose as a prebiotic ingredient. METHODS: In addition to the control samples (without the addition of lactulose), three treatments were formulated to contain 2, 4 or 6% lactulose. Technological (lactulose content, CIE color and texture profile analysis) and sensory (acceptance and check-all-that-applies tests) analyses were performed on the final product. RESULTS: The lactulose content in the finished product (1.86±0.23%, 3.16±0.18% and 2.51±1.35%) was lower than the lactulose originally added (2, 4 and 6% respectively). The addition of 4% and 6% lactulose made (P &lt; 0.05) the products darker (lower L*) and redder (lower h) with higher hardness and chewiness values, when compared to control samples. The additions of 2% and 4% lactulose reduce the appearance acceptability of the products, but overall the treatments were well accepted. CONCLUSION: The use of up to 4% lactulose as a prebiotic in the production of boneless dry-cured hams provides an alternative to improving its nutritional value with little alteration in the technological characteristics and still meeting the sensory characteristics desired by consumers.

A novel ABCA12 pathologic variant identified in an Ecuadorian harlequin ichthyosis patient: A step forward in genotype-phenotype correlations.

BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) have been associated with different phenotypes including: harlequin ichthyosis (HI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), and lamellar ichthyosis (LI). While pathogenic variants in all ARCI genes are associated with LI and CIE phenotypes, the unique gene associated with HI is ABCA12. In HI, the most severe ARCI form, pathogenic variants in both ABCA12 gene alleles usually have a severe impact on protein function. The presence of at least one non-truncating variant frequently causes a less severe congenital ichthyosis phenotype (LI and CIE). METHODS: We report the case of a 4-year-old Ecuadorian boy with a severe skin disease. Genetic diagnosis was performed by NGS. In silico predictions were performed using Alamut software v2.11. A review of the literature was carried out to identify all patients carrying ABCA12 splice-site and missense variants, and to explore their genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS: Genetic testing revealed a nonsense substitution, p.(Arg2204*), and a new missense variant, p.(Val1927Leu), in the ABCA12 gene. After performing in silico analysis and a comprehensive review of the literature, we conclude that p.(Val1927Leu) affects a well conserved residue which could either disturb the protein function or alter the splicing process, both alternatives could explain the severe phenotype of our patient. CONCLUSION: This case expands the spectrum of ABCA12 reported disease-causing variants which is important to unravel genotype-phenotype correlations and highlights the importance of missense variants in the development of HI.

Características del registro y codificación diagnóstica de los pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital del seguro social de Chiclayo / Characteristics of the registration and diagnostic coding of hospitalized patients in a social security hospital of Chiclayo

Objetivo: Describir las características del registro y codificación diagnóstica de los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de Medicina interna, Cirugía general, Pediatría, Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo en el periodo Enero- Junio del 2016. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional tipo descriptivo, transversal, con una población de 3003 pacientes, muestra de 341 mediante afijación proporcional se obtuvo la cantidad de las historias clínicas a revisar por servicios: Cirugía General (72), Ginecología (38), Medicina Interna (58), Obstetricia (142) y Pediatría (31), finalmente se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple con reemplazo. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó ficha de recolección de datos y el procesamiento mediante el programa SPSS versión 24, se empleó un análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado. Resultados: El registro y codificación diagnóstica del CIE 10 en las historias clínicas fue incorrecto al diagnóstico de ingreso 57,8% y diagnóstico de egreso 55,7%. Con respecto al CIE 10 registrado en las historias clínicas y el sistema de gestión hospitalaria se encontró que no concuerda en un 67%. Conclusiones: La codificación y registro diagnóstico del CIE 10 en las historias clínicas y el sistema de gestión hospitalaria es incorrecto, lo que indica la importancia de implementar y reforzar la capacitación adecuada al personal de salud.

Objetive: To describe the characteristics of the registration and diagnostic coding of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics departments of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital in the period January-June 2016. Material and Methods: Observational study descriptive, cross-sectional type, with a population of 3003 patients, sample of 341 by proportional allocation was obtained the number of clinical records to be reviewed by services: General Surgery (72), Gynecology (38), Internal Medicine (58), Obstetrics (142) and Pediatrics (31), finally a simple random sampling with replacement was carried out. To collect the information, a data collection form was used and the processing was carried out through the SPSS program, version 24, using a descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The registration and diagnostic coding of the ICD 10 in the medical records was incorrect at diagnosis of 57.8% and diagnosis of discharge 55.7%. Regarding the ICD 10 registered in the medical records and the hospital management system, it was found that it does not agree with 67%. Conclusions: The coding and diagnostic registry of the ICD 10 in the medical records and the hospital management system is incorrect, which indicates the importance of implementing and reinforcing adequate training for health personnel.

La histeria clásica y moderna: una visión sinóptica Parte II Diagnóstico / Classic and modern hysteria: a synoptic view. Part II Diagnosis

Todo diagnóstico de un problema descubierto lleva implícito un proceso de análisis y síntesis. Todavía no se ha logrado encontrar una clara definición de la histeria, precisamente por su "psicoplasticidad", es decir, por la infinidad de expresiones clínicas en que se puede presentar. Además su eliminación de los códigos diagnósticos la fragmentó en diversos síndromes o conjuntos sintomáticos. El psicoanálisis, asociado al concepto, fue desperfilado por la psiquiatría americana con el advenimiento de la investigación biológica sobre trastornos mentales y nuevos descubrimientos como los sistemas de neurotransmisores. Quedaron atrás los criterios de Feighner, que abarcaban los diagnósticos de neurosis de ansiedad, neurosis obsesivo-compulsiva, neurosis fóbica, histeria. Se analiza clasificaciones CIE y DSM, en las que se puede rastrear la histeria. Palabras claves: histeria, neurosis, diagnóstico, CIE-10.

Every diagnosis of a discovered problem implies a process of analysis and synthesis. A clear definition of hysteria has not yet been found, precisely because of its "psychoplasticity", that is, by the infinity of clinical expressions in which it can be presented. In addition its elimination of the diagnostic codes fragmented it in diverse syndromes or symptomatic sets. Psychoanalysis, associated with the concept, was unburied by American psychiatry with the advent of biological research on mental disorders and new discoveries such as neurotransmitter systems. Feighner's criteria, which included diagnoses of anxiety neurosis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, phobic neurosis and hysteria, were left behind. We analyze CIE and DSM classifications, in which hysteria can be traced.

Combined effects of gamma radiation doses and sodium nitrite content on the lipid oxidation and color of mortadella.

The effects of different doses of gamma radiation (0-20kGy) on the color and lipid oxidation of mortadella prepared with increasing nitrite levels (0-300ppm) were evaluated using a central composite rotatable design. Higher radiation doses increased the redox potential, promoted the lipid oxidation and elevating the hue color of the mortadellas. Nevertheless, higher addition of sodium nitrite elevated the residual nitrite content, reduced the lipid oxidation and promoted the increase of redness and the reduce of hue color of the mortadellas, regardless of the radiation dose applied. Nitrite addition had a greater effect than irradiation on the quality parameters evaluated, and even at low levels (∼75ppm), its use decreased the deleterious effects of irradiation at doses as high as 20kGy.

Analysis of the Influence of Food Colorings in Esthetic Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures.

PROPOSITION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the color changes of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of different shades when exposed to four food colorings commonly found in the diet of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures in the colors pearl, pearl blue, pearl white and colorless, which were immersed for 72 hours in five different solutions: distilled water (control group), coffee, tea, Coca-Cola ® and wine. The color changes of the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were measured with the aid of a spectrophotometer, at T1 - as provided by the manufacturer; and T2 - after colorings process. RESULTS: The results indicated that the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of all initial hues are susceptible to pigmentation. Among the evaluated colors, all changed the finished look and the color of the samples tested. In ascending order, the color of the samples was as follows: distilled water, Coca-Cola®, black tea, wine and coffee. CONCLUSION: The substances that have a greater potential for pigmentation in esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were black tea, wine and coffee, respectively. All shades of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures are susceptible to color change.

Gastos hospitalarios por neumonía neumocóccica invasora en adultos en un hospital general en Chile / Hospital charges by bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in adults in a general hospital

Pneumococcal infections are important for their morbidity and economic burden, but there is no economical data from adults patients in Chile. Aims. Estimate direct medical costs of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia among adult patients hospitalized in a general hospital and to evaluate the sensitivity of ICD 10 discharge codes to capture infections from this pathogen. Methods. Analysis of hospital charges by components in a group of patients admitted for bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, correction of values by inflation and conversion from CLP to US$. Results. Data were collected from 59 patients admitted during 2005-2010, mean age 71.9 years. Average hospital charges for those managed in general wards reached 2,756 US$, 8,978 US$ for those managed in critical care units (CCU) and 6,025 for the whole group. Charges were higher in CCU (p < 0.001), and patients managed in these units generated 78.3% of the whole cost (n = 31; 52.5% from total). The median cost in general wards was 1,558 US$, and 3,993 in CCU. Main components were bed occupancy (37.8% of charges), and medications (27.4%). There were no differences associated to age, comorbidities, severity scores or mortality. No single ICD discharge code involved a S. pneumoniae bacteremic case (0% sensitivity) and only 2 cases were coded as pneumococcal pneumonia (3.4%). Conclusions. Mean hospital charges (~6,000 US dollars) or median values (~2,400 US dollars) were high, underlying the economic impact of this condition. Costs were higher among patients managed in CCU. Recognition of bacteremic pneumococcal infections by ICD 10 discharge codes has a very low sensitivity.

Las infecciones neumocócicas representan una gran carga de morbilidad y de gastos en salud en pacientes adultos pero no se dispone de datos que hayan evaluado su dimensión económica en Chile. Objetivo: Evaluar los gastos directos en un grupo de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por neumonía neumocóccica bacterémica en un hospital general y evaluar la sensibilidad de los códigos de egreso CIE 10 para capturar las infecciones por este patógeno. Métodos: Análisis de gastos por componentes de un grupo de pacientes atendidos por neumonía neumocóccica bacteriémica, actualización de gastos y conversión a US$. Resultados: Se rescató información de 59 pacientes atendidos entre el 2005-2010, con edad promedio de 71,9 años. El gasto promedio en sala fue de 2.756 US$, de 8.978 US$ en Unidades Críticas y de 6.025 US$ para el grupo total. Los gastos fueron mayores en Unidades Críticas (p < 0,001) y los pacientes en estas unidades (n = 31; 52,5% del total) generaron el 78,3% del gasto total observado. La mediana de gastos en sala fue de 1.558 US$ y de 3.993 US$ en el caso de Unidades Críticas. El 37,8% del gasto se originó por día-cama y 27,4% por medicamentos. No hubo diferencias por edad, co-morbilidades, scores de gravedad o mortalidad. Ningún código CIE 10 involucró bacteriemia por S. pneumoniae (Sensibilidad 0%) y sólo 2 casos fueron codificados como neumonía neumocóccica (3,4%). Conclusiones: El gasto promedio (aprox. 6.000 dólares americanos) y mediana (aprox. 2.400 dólares americanos) fueron elevados evidenciando la importancia económica de esta enfermedad. Los gastos fueron mayores en pacientes manejados en Unidades Críticas. La sensibilidad de los códigos CIE 10 fue baja para reconocer eventos de ENI en esta serie.

Selection of a chitosan gelatin-based edible coating for color preservation of beef in retail display.

Chitosan gelatin-based coating films were applied to beef steaks, and their effects on color preservation and lipid oxidation during retail display were evaluated. Response surface methodology was used to model and describe the effects of different biopolymer concentrations (0 to 6% gelatin; 0.5 to 1.5% chitosan; and 0 to 12% glycerol based on dry gelatin+chitosan weight) in the coating film for optimizing the best combination for meat application. Film application reduced weight loss and lipid oxidation of the steaks after 5 days of storage, and films with higher gelatin concentrations were more effective. The percentage levels of different myoglobin-redox forms were not affected by coating, but myoglobin oxidation during retail display was reduced and the percentage of deoxymyoglobin increased with the gelatin content of the film. Steak color stability during retail display was promoted by film application; the steaks exhibited a darker, more intensely red color when coated in blends with higher gelatin and chitosan contents. Blends containing between 3% and 6% gelatin, between 0.5% and 1.0% chitosan and 6% glycerol exhibited the best results and provide a promising alternative to the preservation of beef in retail display.

Histeria, transtornos somatoformes e sintomas somáticos: as múltiplas configurações do sofrimento psíquico no interior dos sistemas classificatórios / Hysteria, somatoform disorders and somatic symptoms: the multiple settings of psychic suffering inside the classification systems / Histeria, trastornos somatoformes y síntomas somáticos: las múltiples configuraciones del sufrimiento psíquico en el interior de los sistemas clasificatorios

O artigo retoma a história da histeria e das tentativas científicas de seu estudo. Acompanha, assim, os investimentos feitos ao longo do tempo para superar o sofrimento histérico. Os êxitos parecem limitados, e os sintomas continuam a se manifestar, moldados pelas diferentes condições sócio-históricas. A exploração das configurações da histeria no interior dos sistemas classificatórios é o objeto central desta análise. Recorre-se à Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) e ao Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Saúde Mental (DSM), considerando também as primeiras definições freudianas de histeria. As novas nomenclaturas como neurose histérica, transtorno psicossomático, transtornos somatoformes e sintomas somáticos exprimem os esforços para circunscrever a especificidade desse mal-estar. E as definições tentam atender à possibilidade de intervenções mais precisas no tratamento dos sintomas, mas indicam também uma nova fragmentação e dispersão da percepção de modalidades de sofrimento.(AU)

This article recovers the history of hysteria and the scientific attempts to study it. Thus follows the investments made over time to overcome hysterical suffering. The successes seem limited and the symptoms continue to manifest, shaped by different socio-historical conditions. The central object of this analysis is to explore the settings of hysteria within the classification systems. The text resorts to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health (DSM), also considering the first Freudian definitions of hysteria. The new classifications, such as hysterical neurosis, psychosomatic disorder, somatoform disorders and somatic symptoms express the efforts to circumscribe the specificity of this malaise. The definitions try to cater to the possibility of more precise interventions for the treatment of the symptoms, but also indicate a new fragmentation and dispersion of perception of the modalities of suffering.(AU)

Este artículo retoma la historia de la histeria y de los intentos científicos de su estudio. Continúa las inversiones hechas a lo largo del tiempo para superar el sufrimiento histérico. Los éxitos parecen limitados y los síntomas siguen manifestándose, moldados por las diferentes condiciones socio-históricas. Las configuraciones de la histeria en el interior de los sistemas clasificatorios es el objeto central de este análisis. Se recurre a la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) y al Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM), considerando también las primeras definiciones freudianas de la histeria. Las nuevas nomenclaturas como neurosis histérica, trastorno psicosomático, trastornos somatoformes y síntomas somáticos, expresan los esfuerzos para circunscribir la especificidad de este mal estar. Las definiciones tratan de atender la posibilidad de intervenciones más precisas en el tratamiento de los síntomas, pero indican asimismo una nueva fragmentación y dispersión de la percepción de modalidades de sufrimiento.(AU)

Histeria, transtornos somatoformes e sintomas somáticos: as múltiplas configurações do sofrimento psíquico no interior dos sistemas classificatórios / Hysteria, somatoform disorders and somatic symptoms: the multiple settings of psychic suffering inside the classification systems / Histeria, trastornos somatoformes y síntomas somáticos: las múltiples configuraciones del sufrimiento psíquico en el interior de los sistemas clasificatorios

O artigo retoma a história da histeria e das tentativas científicas de seu estudo. Acompanha, assim, os investimentos feitos ao longo do tempo para superar o sofrimento histérico. Os êxitos parecem limitados, e os sintomas continuam a se manifestar, moldados pelas diferentes condições sócio-históricas. A exploração das configurações da histeria no interior dos sistemas classificatórios é o objeto central desta análise. Recorre-se à Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) e ao Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Saúde Mental (DSM), considerando também as primeiras definições freudianas de histeria. As novas nomenclaturas como neurose histérica, transtorno psicossomático, transtornos somatoformes e sintomas somáticos exprimem os esforços para circunscrever a especificidade desse mal-estar. E as definições tentam atender à possibilidade de intervenções mais precisas no tratamento dos sintomas, mas indicam também uma nova fragmentação e dispersão da percepção de modalidades de sofrimento...

This article recovers the history of hysteria and the scientific attempts to study it. Thus follows the investments made over time to overcome hysterical suffering. The successes seem limited and the symptoms continue to manifest, shaped by different socio-historical conditions. The central object of this analysis is to explore the settings of hysteria within the classification systems. The text resorts to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health (DSM), also considering the first Freudian definitions of hysteria. The new classifications, such as hysterical neurosis, psychosomatic disorder, somatoform disorders and somatic symptoms express the efforts to circumscribe the specificity of this malaise. The definitions try to cater to the possibility of more precise interventions for the treatment of the symptoms, but also indicate a new fragmentation and dispersion of perception of the modalities of suffering...

Este artículo retoma la historia de la histeria y de los intentos científicos de su estudio. Continúa las inversiones hechas a lo largo del tiempo para superar el sufrimiento histérico. Los éxitos parecen limitados y los síntomas siguen manifestándose, moldados por las diferentes condiciones socio-históricas. Las configuraciones de la histeria en el interior de los sistemas clasificatorios es el objeto central de este análisis. Se recurre a la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) y al Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM), considerando también las primeras definiciones freudianas de la histeria. Las nuevas nomenclaturas como neurosis histérica, trastorno psicosomático, trastornos somatoformes y síntomas somáticos, expresan los esfuerzos para circunscribir la especificidad de este mal estar. Las definiciones tratan de atender la posibilidad de intervenciones más precisas en el tratamiento de los síntomas, pero indican asimismo una nueva fragmentación y dispersión de la percepción de modalidades de sufrimiento...