The impact of the doctor-nurse-patient workshop transitional care model on the post-operative quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the doctor-nurse-patient workshop transitional care model on post-operative care for patients with laryngeal cancer and its influence on quality of life. METHODS: A total of 68 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the hospital between 2021 and 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, a control group and a research group, each consisting of 34 patients, based on the chronological sequence of their surgeries. Patients in the control group received standard nursing care, while those in the research group received the doctor-nurse-patient workshop transitional care model in addition to standard nursing care. After 2 months of care, levels of albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), hemoglobin (Hb), and quality of life scores (measured using the Quality of Life Instrument for Head and Neck Cancer, QLICP-HN) were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the incidence of adverse events during the recovery period was assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Following 2 months of care, patients in the research group exhibited elevated ALB, TP, and Hb levels compared to those in the control group. Additionally, the average QLICP-HN scores were higher in the research group, while the incidence of adverse events was lower compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Implementing the doctor-nurse-patient workshop transitional care model in home care for patients with laryngeal cancer can enhance their nutritional status post-surgery and improve their quality of life during home rehabilitation. This, in turn, leads to a reduction in the incidence of adverse events and complications during the recovery period.

Impact of COVID-19 in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and clinical outcomes in cancer patients: a cohort study.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of VTE and clinical outcomes in a cohort of cancer patients and COVID-19 infection, and to establish possible predictive factors of VTE. METHODS/PATIENTS: A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the incidence of VTE and mortality in 118 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from March to August 2020. We calculated individual Khorana Risk and CATS-MICA scores in order to evaluate their utility to identify risk of VTE or death. Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon or Student's T test, and categorical variables were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's exact text among patients with and without VTE. A Log-Rank test was performed to detect mortality differences between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 118 patients were included. VTE global incidence was 4.2% (n = 5), and mortality 25.4% (n = 30). Obesity (p = 0.05), recent chemotherapy (p = 0.049) and use of steroids (p = 0.006) were related to higher risk of VTE in the univariate analysis, although they were not confirmed in the multivariate analysis as independent risk factors. Statistically significant differences in all-cause, COVID-19-related and cancer-related mortality according to the Khorana risk score (KRS) were observed. CATS-MICA score (CMS) also showed statistically significant differences in mortality between low- and high-risk patients. Prediction of risk of VTE development with these scores showed a tendency towards significance. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, VTE incidence was similar to previously reported in the general population with SARS-CoV-2 infection. KRS was associated with overall and specific-cause mortality, and might be a useful prognostic tool in this setting.

GLIM criteria validation and reliability in critically ill patients with cancer: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to assess the interrater reliability of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, a framework to provide a consensus diagnosis of malnutrition. We also aimed to investigate its concurrent and predictive validity in the context of patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Individuals aged ≥19 years with cancer who were admitted to the ICU within 48 h of their initial hospital admission were included. Nutrition status was assessed with the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and the GLIM criteria. Interrater reliability was assessed by the kappa test (>0.80). The SGA served as the established benchmark for assessing concurrent validity. To evaluate predictive validity, the occurrence of mortality within 30 days was the outcome, and Cox regression models were applied. RESULTS: A total of 212 patients were included: 66.9% were at nutrition risk, and 45.8% were malnourished according to the SGA. According to the GLIM criteria, 68.4% and 66% were identified as malnourished by evaluators 1 and 2, respectively (κ = 0.947; P < 0.001). The GLIM combination incorporating weight loss and the presence of inflammation exhibited sensitivity (82.4%) and specificity (92%). In the multivariate Cox regression models, most GLIM combinations emerged as independent predictors of complications. CONCLUSION: The GLIM criteria demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability, and the combination involving weight loss and the presence of inflammation exhibited noteworthy sensitivity and specificity. Most GLIM combinations emerged as independent predictors of 30-day mortality.

A microRNA Profile Regulates Inflammation-Related Signaling Pathways in Young Women with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) remains among the most frequent cancers worldwide despite advances in screening and the development of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), involved in virtually all cases of CC. In mid-income countries, a substantial proportion of the cases are diagnosed in advanced stages, and around 40% of them are diagnosed in women under 49 years, just below the global median age. This suggests that members of this age group share common risk factors, such as chronic inflammation. In this work, we studied samples from 46 patients below 45 years old, searching for a miRNA profile regulating cancer pathways. We found 615 differentially expressed miRNAs between tumor samples and healthy tissues. Through bioinformatic analysis, we found that several of them targeted elements of the JAK/STAT pathway and other inflammation-related pathways. We validated the interactions of miR-30a and miR-34c with JAK1 and STAT3, respectively, through dual-luciferase and expression assays in cervical carcinoma-derived cell lines. Finally, through knockdown experiments, we observed that these miRNAs decreased viability and promoted proliferation in HeLa cells. This work contributes to understanding the mechanisms through which HPV regulates inflammation, in addition to its canonical oncogenic function, and brings attention to the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as a possible diagnostic marker for CC patients younger than 45 years. To our knowledge to date, there has been no previous description of a panel of miRNAs or even ncRNAs in young women with locally advanced cervical cancer.

The Meaning of Life and Religious Coping in the Fight Against Cancer: A Study with Oncology Patients in Brazil in Light of Viktor Frankl's Theory.

This study aimed to describe the perception of the meaning of life and coping strategies of 19 patients with cancer at a public hospital in Brazil. This is descriptive and qualitative research that used Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological model, and the interpretation was performed in light of Viktor Frankl's theory. Two themes have emerged: (1) the perception of the meaning of life in the experience with cancer and (2) religious coping to fight the disease. This study showed that revealing the meaning of life in the cancer experience contributes to better treatment compliance, a more favorable view of the future and better quality of life. On the other hand, religious coping is the strategy most used by patients who believe in God, showing a greater state of psychological and spiritual well-being.

The impact of increasing non-albicans Candida trends on diagnostics in immunocompromised patients.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) represents a growing concern worldwide, with a considerable increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The study's primary goal was to determine if species identification by semi-nested PCR (sn-PCR) with primers for the five most prevalent Candida species is sufficient to deal with the current trends of Candida infections in cancer patients. Over one year, Candida isolates were collected from samples of patients with hematological and solid organ tumors in a single center. Species of Candida were identified by chromagar and multiplex sn-PCR using specific primers for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and the Candida parapsilosis complex. Most Candida infection episodes are caused by NAC species (70.5% of 105 isolates). Rare species (14 isolates) accounted for 13.3% of isolates and were not identified by sn-PCR using the five most common Candida species primers. More than half of these rare species caused candidemia in cancer patients (57.1%; p = 0.011). The risk factor for candidiasis was recent surgeries (p = 0.020) in adults and chemotherapy in pediatric patients (p = 0.006). Prolonged hospitalization and genitourinary tract cancer were significantly associated with invasive infections (p = 0.005 and 0.049, respectively). Recent surgery was a significant risk factor associated with C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata infections (P = 0.038 and 0.003, respectively), while C. tropicalis was significantly more common in patients with hematological malignancies (P = 0.012). Techniques with a broader identification spectrum than the major five Candida species are crucial for the optimal management of cancer patients.

Objective burden, caregiver psychological distress, and patient religion and quality of life are associated with high-intensity burden of care among caregivers of advanced cancer patients in a Latino population.

OBJECTIVES: Family caregivers (FCs) of cancer patients experience burden of care. The aims of this study are to describe the caregiving phenomenon among FCs of advanced cancer patients in a Latino community and to identify caregiver and patient characteristics associated with high-intensity subjective caregiver burden. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, advanced cancer patient-caregiver dyads assessed at a Palliative Care Unit in Santiago, Chile, enrolled in a longitudinal observational study were included. FCs completed questions to describe the caregiving phenomenon and surveys to assess burden of care, psychological distress, and perception of patients' symptoms; patients completed surveys to assess physical distress and quality of life (QOL). We explored associations between high-intensity subjective caregiver burden with caregiver and patient variables. RESULTS: Two hundred seven dyads were analyzed. FCs were on average 50 years old and 75% female. Thirty-two percent of FCs experienced high-intensity subjective burden of care. Eighty two percent of FCs took care of the patient daily and 31% took care of the patient alone. In univariate analysis, high-intensity caregiver burden was associated with caregiver depression (59% vs. 27%; p < 0.001), anxiety (86% vs. 67%; p = 0.003), caring for the patient alone (45% vs. 24%; p = 0.002), perception of patient symptom distress, patient religion, and worse patient QOL (mean [standard deviation] 58 [33] vs. 68 [27]; p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, FC depression (OR [95% confidence interval] 3.07 [1.43-6.60]; p = 0.004), anxiety (3.02 [1.19-7.71]; p = 0.021), caring for the patient alone (2.69 [1.26-5.77]; p = 0.011), caregiver perception of patient's fatigue (1.26 [1.01-1.58]; p = 0.04), and patient's religion (3.90 [1.21-12.61]; p = 0.02) were independently associated with caregiver burden. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: FCs of advanced cancer patients in a Latino community frequently experience high-intensity burden of care and are exposed to measures of objective burden. High-intensity burden is associated with both caregiver and patient factors. Policies should aim to make interventions on patient-caregiver dyads to decrease caregiving burden among Latinos.

Recommendations for the management of hypokalemia in patients with cancer.

Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disorder in cancer patients that may be associated with the primary disease or a complication of treatment. In this article, we provide a brief description of hypokalemia and its appropriate management in cancer patients.

La hipokalemia es un trastorno hidroelectrolítico común en pacientes con cáncer que puede estar asociado a la enfermedad primaria o a una complicación del tratamiento. En este artículo nos enfocamos en entregar una breve descripción de la hipokalemia y su adecuado manejo en pacientes con cáncer.

Recommendations for the management of hypokalemia in patients with cancer / Recomendaciones para el manejo de la hipokalemia en pacientes con cáncer

Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disorder in cancer patients that may be associated with the primary disease or a complication of treatment. In this article, we provide a brief description of hypokalemia and its appropriate management in cancer patients.

La hipokalemia es un trastorno hidroelectrolítico común en pacientes con cáncer que puede estar asociado a la enfermedad primaria o a una complicación del tratamiento. En este artículo nos enfocamos en entregar una breve descripción de la hipokalemia y su adecuado manejo en pacientes con cáncer.

'More stressful than cancer': Treatment Experiences Lived During Hurricane Maria among Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients in Puerto Rico.

Background: This study explored experiences in cancer care and disruption after Hurricanes Irma and Maria's aftermath in Puerto Rico (PR). Methods: A total of three focus groups were conducted among breast and colorectal cancer patients diagnosed six months before the disaster. Results: The most prevalent themes were (a) barriers related to their cancer treatment, (b) facilitators related to their cancer treatment, and (c) treatment experiences during the hurricane. Participants discussed struggles regarding their experience with treatment and access to care during and after Hurricanes Irma and Maria and how household limitations due to lack of electricity and water deter their intention to continue their treatment. Moreover, stressors directly linked with the disaster were the most challenging to cope with. Conclusions: Our study identifies the hardships experienced by cancer patients living during a disaster. Similarly, our study highlights the impending need to address in future emergency plans the individual and system needs of cancer patients in active treatment to minimize the delay in continuing cancer care.

Association between Karnofsky performance status and outcomes in cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The selection of appropriate criteria is essential to accurately identify cancer patients eligible for home parenteral nutrition (HPN). In this study, the association between Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scale scores and outcomes in cancer patients on HPN was evaluated. METHODS: Retrospective-observational-longitudinal-analytical study of a database of adult cancer patients on HPN. The variables analyzed were sex, age, cancer diagnosis, cancer location (digestive tract and genitourinary), nutritional status, including initial weight (IW), at the start of HPN), usual weight (UW) and IW/UW ratio, and body mass index (BMI) at the start of HPN. Performance status was assessed with the KPS scale. Type of catheter used, number of days on HPN and clinical progression of cancer patients were also studied. RESULTS: Data of 41 cancer patients (60.8% female) were evaluated. Mean age at the start of HPN was 60.45 years. Cancer location was digestive tract (n = 36; 87.8%); gynecologic (n = 4; 9.7%), urinary tract (n = 1; 2.4%). Median IW was 55 kg (45; 64) and BMI was 20 (17.58; 22.84). The IW/UW ratio was -15 kg (-20;-10). The catheters used were peripherally inserted central catheter (n = 30; 73.2%), tunneled (n = 9; 22%) and port (n = 2; 4.8%). The median duration of HPN was 72 days (30; 159). The KPS results showed that 16 cancer patients (39%) had KPS scores ≤50, 17 (41.5%) requiring HPN were discharged and 24 (58.5%) died. The association between disease progression and KPS scores ≤50 was significant (p = 0.025; OR (95% CI): 5.28 (1.07; 36.18). CONCLUSION: The KPS scale is a reliable tool to identify cancer patients eligible for HPN. Cancer patients with ≤50 scores had a five-fold increased risk of death than patients with >50 scores.

Three years of COVID-19 pandemic: comparative analysis of incidence, lethality and mortality among the States of the south region of Brazil / Três anos de pandemia da COVID-19: análise comparativa da incidência, letalidade e mortalidade entre os Estados da região sul do Brasi

Introduction: the first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 26, 2020. As of March 17, 2023, the Ministry of Health reported 699,634 deaths from COVID-19, with a case fatality rate of 1.9%. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil extends to socioeconomic and healthcare systems, reflecting significant regional disparities. Objective: To analyze mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates for COVID-19 in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in the southern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological time-series study using official Brazilian secondary data for COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data were extracted from the dashboard of the State Health Department of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Temporal series were developed for trend analysis using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software (College Station, TX, USA, 2013). Results: In the analysis of rates over the entire period, trends for mortality, case fatality, and incidence in the state of Santa Catarina are decreasing, decreasing, and stationary, respectively. In Paraná, rates over the entire period showed a stationary trend for mortality, decreasing for case fatality, and increasing for incidence. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Both states experienced the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher case fatality and mortality rates observed in Paraná, while Santa Catarina had a higher incidence rate over the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessment of symptom intensity and psychological well-being of patients with advanced cancer undergoing palliative care in a Brazilian public hospital: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The characterization of clinical-emotional aspects of advanced cancer patients is essential for palliative care. To date, there is scarce information regarding the socio-demographic and clinical profiles, as well as the quality of care given to hospitalized patients under this condition, particularly in South American countries. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-demographic profile, symptoms (including psychological well-being), and the quality of life of advanced cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward of the General Hospital of the University of Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, patients were invited to fill the selected questionnaires such as Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS). Descriptive analyses were performed, regarding socio-demographic profile, symptoms, level of information over treatment aims, and quality-of-life scores. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were included, of whom 29 were male and 30 female, with a mean age of 58 years. Overall, 31.9% presented pain at the time of the interview, 52.5% depression, and 76.3% anxiety. The median individual scores for ESAS and POS (and interquartile range) were, respectively, 27 (17-41) and 14 (9-19). Patients with previous knowledge of treatment objectives reported worse depression scores in the ESAS (median 2 vs. 0, p 0.02), even when correcting for possible confounders. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: In contrast to current literature, in which pain is a prevalent report, depression and anxiety were more evident in this specific population of hospitalized patients. This framework reflects the need for valuing not only physical but also emotional symptoms to achieve the integrality of care.

Survival of cancer patients under treatment with the palliative care team in a Brazilian hospital in São Paulo.

Introduction: The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale is a relevant functional evaluation instrument that can be used to determine which patients should be followed by multidisciplinary palliative care teams. Objective: To analyze the clinical outcomes of patients with performance status lower than 70%, according to the Karnofsky Scale, who received care from a palliative care team compared to those who did not receive care from a palliative care team. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, follow-up of cancer patients by the palliative care team for 10 days was considered the exposure factor, while the dependent variable was patient survival. Data were extracted from medical records and descriptive and survival curve analyses were conducted. Results: Among 581 participants in the sample, 42.5% had metastasis, and the most prevalent medical diagnosis was gastrointestinal cancer (29.1%). Fifty-one (8.7%) were followed by the palliative care team. The mortality rate during the 10 days in the sample was 10.8%, and the rate was higher (15.7%) among patients followed by the palliative care team. Conclusion: Patients with a performance status below 70% who were followed by the palliative care team had poorer clinical conditions and a shorter survival than those who were not followed up by the team.

Multidisciplinary consensus on the criteria for fertility preservation in cancer patients.

Infertility is one of the main sequelae of cancer and its treatment in both children and adults of reproductive age. It is, therefore, essential that oncologists and haematologists provide adequate information about the risk of infertility and the possibilities for its preservation before starting treatment. Although many international clinical guidelines address this issue, this document is the first Spanish multidisciplinary guideline in paediatric and adult oncological patients. Experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Fertility Society, the Spanish Society of Haematology and Haemotherapy, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology have collaborated to develop a multidisciplinary consensus.

Perception of bonding and occupational stress in a multidisciplinary cancer patients health team / Percepção de vínculo e estresse ocupacional de equipe multiprofissional de saúde que atua no cuidado de pacientes com câncer

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and one of the positive features in the care of cancer patients is the professional-patient bond; however, due to the complexity of the disease, these professionals may develop occupational stress. This study investigated the perception of the bond and occupational stress of professionals who deal with cancer patients. Forty professionals from the surgical clinic and onco-hematology service at a hospital answered a questionnaire about bonding and stress at work. The results showed a greater perception frequency of the therapeutic bond, the same type identified as ideal. The onco-hematology team exhibited higher scores than the surgical clinic team in the perception of the bond and of the ideal therapeutic bond. The average occupational stress level of the participants was 2.08 (moderate), with no difference between the two teams. The power of health work models that use the bond between health professionals and cancer patients as a care technology stands out.

O câncer é a segunda maior causa de óbitos no Brasil e um dos dispositivos que favorece o cuidado aos pacientes oncológicos é o vínculo profissional-paciente. No entanto, devido à complexidade da doença, os trabalhadores podem acabar desenvolvendo estresse ocupacional. Este estudo investigou a percepção de vínculo e o estresse ocupacional de profissionais que tratam de pacientes oncológicos. Quarenta profissionais de equipes de clínica cirúrgica e de onco-hematologia de um hospital responderam a questionários sobre vínculo e estresse no trabalho. Os resultados mostraram maior frequência de percepção do vínculo terapêutico, mesmo tipo identificado como ideal. A equipe de onco-hematologia revelou escores mais altos do que a de clínica cirúrgica na percepção de vínculo e de vínculo ideal terapêutico. A média do nível de estresse ocupacional dos participantes foi 2,08 (moderado), sem diferença entre as duas equipes. Destaca-se a potência dos modelos de trabalho em saúde que utilizam o vínculo entre profissional de saúde e pacientes oncológicos como tecnologia do cuidado.

Factores mecánicos y químicos presentes en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados con flebitis

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores mecánicos y químicos presentes en pacientes oncológicos con flebitis, hospitalizados en un establecimiento público de alta complejidad, Lima-Perú; describir las técnicas invasivas más frecuentes practicadas en los procesos de hospitalización y las tendencias de los últimos 5 años. Material y Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, con una población total de 295.151 (del 2016-2020), de los que 298 pacientes oncológicos tuvieron flebitis, pero solo 282 contaron con registros completos valorados por las enfermeras oncólogas según Escala de Maddox que consta de 16 ítems que miden factores mecánicos y químicos. El instrumento fue validado por expertos obteniéndose una validez binomial de 0,7 y una confiabilidad KR20 de 0,8. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba binomial y Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Estos muestran la mayor incidencia en los grados de flebitis II, III y I. Respecto al factor mecánico, se evidencia que el material no estéril, el lugar de inserción del catéter en zona Cubital, Radial y Cefálica y el tiempo de permanencia menor de 72 h se presentan con mayor frecuencia. El factor químico está asociado al uso de antibióticos como Vancomicina y la combinación del Meropenem/ Vancomicina, al uso de agentes citostáticos vesicantes-no vesicantes, así también el analgésico Ketoprofeno seguido con la combinación del Ketoprofeno con Tramadol y al uso de la Ranitidina como protector antiulceroso. Conclusión: Tanto los factores mecánicos y químicos afectan la zona de punción. Enfermería debe continuar capacitando en acciones preventivas para reducir o mitigar las complicaciones en el ámbito asistencial, siendo necesario promover buenas prácticas en la administración terapéutica en este tipo de paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the mechanical and chemical factors present in oncological patients with phlebitis hospitalized in a high-complexity public facility, in Lima-Peru; describe the most frequent invasive techniques practiced in hospitalization processes and the trends of the last 5 years. Material and Method: Quantitative, observational, retrospective approach, with a total population of 295,151 (from 2016-2020), of which 298 cancer patients had phlebitis, but only 282 had complete records assessed by oncology nurses according to Maddox scale, which consists of 16 items containing mechanical and chemical factors. The instrument was validated by experts and had a binomial validity of 0.7 and a KR-20 reliability of 0.8. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, binomial test and Chi-square. Results: Show the highest incidence in degrees of phlebitis II, III and I. Regarding the mechanical factor, non-sterile material, the place of insertion of the catheter in the ulnar, radial and cephalic areas and the permanence time of less than 72 h occur more frequently. The chemical factor is associated with the use of antibiotics such as Vancomycin and the combination of Meropenem/Vancomycin, the use of vesicant and non-vesicant cytostatic agents, as well as the analgesic Ketoprofen followed by the combination of Ketoprofen and Tramadol and the use of Ranitidine and an antiulcer protector. Conclusions: Both mechanical and chemical factors affect the insertion site. Nurses should receive training in preventive actions to reduce or mitigate complications in the healthcare setting. It is also necessary to promote good practices in the therapeutic administration with this type of patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores mecânicos e químicos presentes em pacientes oncológicos com flebite internados em um serviço público de alta complexidade na cidade de Lima, Peru; descrever as técnicas invasivas mais frequentes praticadas nos processos de hospitalização e as tendências dos últimos 5 anos. Material e Método: Abordagem quantitativa, observacional e retrospectiva, com uma população total de 295.151 (de 2016 2020), dos quais 298 pacientes com câncer apresentaram flebite, mas apenas 282 tiveram registros completos avaliados por enfermeiras oncológicas segundo a escala de Maddox entre 2016-2020. O cadastro é composto por 16 itens que contêm fatores mecânicos e químicos. O instrumento foi validado por especialistas, obtendo validade binomial de 0,7 e confiabilidade KR-20 de 0,8. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste binomial e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Mostran a mayor incidência nos graus de flebite II, III e I. Em relação ao fator mecânico, fica evidente que o material não estéril, o local de inserção do cateter nas áreas ulnar, radial e cefálica e o tempo de permanencia inferior a 72 h ocorrem com mais freqüéncia. O fator químico está associado ao uso de antibióticos como a Vancomicina e a combinação de Meropenem/Vancomicina, ao uso de citostáticos vesicantes e não vesicantes, bem como ao analgésico Cetoprofeno seguido da combinação de Cetoprofeno com tramadol e uso de Ranitidina como protetor antiúlcera. Conclusão: Tanto fatores mecânicos como químicos afetam o local da inserção. O pessoal de enfermagem deve receber treinamento em ações preventivas para reduzir ou mitigar as complicações no ambiente de saúde, sendo necessário promover boas práticas de administração terapêutica com este tipo de paciente.

Environmental Stressors Suffered by Women with Gynecological Cancers in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and María in Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: Hurricanes are the immediate ways that people experience climate impacts in the Caribbean. These events affect socio-ecological systems and lead to major disruptions in the healthcare system, having effects on health outcomes. In September 2017, Puerto Rico (PR) and the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) experienced one of the most catastrophic hurricane seasons in recent history (Hurricane Irma was a Category 5 and Hurricane María was a Category 4 when they hit PR). OBJECTIVE: This study examines environmental stressors experienced by women with gynecologic (GYN) cancers from PR and USVI who received oncologic cancer care in PR, in the aftermath of the hurricanes. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study design was used to obtain rich information for understanding the context, barriers, knowledge, perspectives, risks, vulnerabilities, and attitudes associated to these hurricanes. We performed focus groups among GYN cancer patients (n = 24) and key-informant interviews (n = 21) among health-care providers and administrators. Interviews were conducted from December 2018-April 2019. RESULTS: Environmental health stressors such as lack of water, heat and uncomfortable temperatures, air pollution (air quality), noise pollution, mosquitos, and rats ranked in the top concerns among cancer patients and key-informants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are relevant to cancer patients, decision-makers, and health providers facing extreme events and disasters in the Caribbean. Identifying environmental secondary stressors and the most relevant cascading effects is useful for decision-makers so that they may address and mitigate the effects of hurricanes on public health and cancer care.

Prognostic factors in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a Latin American country results.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological factors, and the outcome of cancer and COVID-19 patients in Mexico. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, multicentric study was performed through a digital platform to have a national registry of patients with cancer and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We performed the analysis through a multivariate logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: From May to December 2020, 599 patients were registered with an average age of 56 years with 59.3% female; 27.2% had hypertension. The most frequent diagnoses were breast cancer (30.4%), lymphoma (14.7%), and colorectal cancer (14.0%); 72.1% of patients had active cancer and 23.5% of patients (141/599) were deceased, the majority of which were men (51.7%). This study found that the prognostic factors that reduced the odds of death were gender (OR = 0.42, p = 0.031) and oxygen saturation (OR = 0.90, p = 0.0001); meanwhile, poor ECOG (OR = 5.4, p = 0.0001), active disease (OR = 3.9, p = 0.041), dyspnea (OR = 2.5, p = 0.027), and nausea (OR = 4.0, p = 0.028) increased the odds of death. In the meantime, the factors that reduce survival time were age (HR = 1.36, p = 0.035), COPD (HR = 8.30, p = 0.004), having palliative treatment (HR = 10.70, p = 0.002), and active cancer without treatment (HR = 8.68, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 is determined by prognostic factors whose identification is necessary. In our cancer population, we have observed that being female, younger, non-COPD, with non-active cancer, good performance status, and high oxygen levels reduce the probability of death.

Access to Palliative Care for Critically Ill Cancer Patients in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) intervention and receiving palliative care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational retrospective study was completed at a single academic critical care unit in Mexico City. All hospitalized cancer patients who were evaluated by the intensive care team to assess need for ICU were included between January and December 2018. RESULTS: During the study period, the ICU group made 408 assessments of critically ill cancer patients in noncritical hospitalized areas. In total, 24.2% (99/408) of the patients in this population were consulted by the palliative care team. Of the patients evaluated, 46.5% (190/408) had advanced stage, but only 28.4% were receiving care by the palliative care team. The only risk factor for hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis was the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score at the time of the consultation by the ICU group (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.34-3.29, p = 0.001). The median time between palliative care consultation and death was 3 days (IQR = 2-22). A total of 63% (37/58) of patients who were discharged from the hospital died during follow-up. The median follow-up time was 55 days (95% CI = 26.9-83.0). The overall mortality rate for the entire group during hospitalization and after hospital discharge was 80.8% (80/99). CONCLUSION: Fewer than 3 out of 10 hospitalized cancer patients requiring admission to the ICU were evaluated by the palliative care team despite having incurable cancer. The qSOFA score of patients at the time of the ICU consultation was the only risk factor for mortality during hospitalization. Future research efforts in Mexico should focus on earlier integration of palliation care with usual oncology care in incurable cancer patients.