Metabolic syndrome and depression: evidence from a cross-sectional study of real-world data in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression are high priority health problems, especially for working age. Numerous studies have explored the link between metabolic syndrome and depression; however, not all of them have consistently demonstrated an association. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between MetS and depression by analyzing extensive real-world data (RWD). METHODS: Our data was drawn from insurance claims and health checkups of local government officials across all prefectures in Japan except for Tokyo in the 2019 fiscal year. According to the number of months with diagnosis of depression and prescription of antidepressants, the study participants were classified into the following categories: Certainly not Depression (CN), Possibly not Depression (PN), Possible Depression (PD), and Certain Depression (CD). Associations between MetS and its components-visceral obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes- and these categories of depression were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The depression categories of the 130,059 participants were as follows: CN 85.2%; PN 6.9%; PD 3.9%; and CD 4.1%. For men, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for MetS were PN 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86-1.02), PD 1.31 (1.19-1.43), and CD 1.63 (1.50-1.76), with reference to CN. For women, AOR of MetS were PN 1.10 (0.91-1.32), PD 1.54 (1.24-1.91), and CD 2.24 (1.81-2.78). Among the MetS components, visceral obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were significantly associated with depression categories. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a significant association between MetS and depression, this association being similar to that previously reported. Our findings provide robust evidence for linkage between MetS and depression, suggesting that analysis of RWD is useful for providing concrete evidence.

Knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and associated factors among adults in Zhuhai, China: a cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the public knowledge regarding Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in Zhuhai, China, focusing on identifying knowledge gaps and the influence of demographic and health factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhuhai, China, from October to November 2022. A total of 1986 residents from 18 communities were selected employing stratified multi-stage equi-proportional sampling. Questionnaires covering general information and the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) were investigated face-to-face. Ordinal multiclass logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between AD awareness and demographic and health characteristics. RESULTS: The average ADKS score was 18.5 (SD = 3.36) in Zhuhai. The lowest awareness rates were observed in the "Symptoms" and "Caregiving" subdomains of ADKS, with rates of 51.01% and 43.78%, respectively. The correct rates for the 30 ADKS questions ranged from 16.62 to 92.6%, showing a bimodal pattern with clusters around 80% and 20%. Women (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.009-1.435), individuals aged 60 years or older (OR = 2.073, 95% CI: 1.467-2.932), those living in urban areas (OR = 1.361, 95% CI: 1.117-1.662), higher average monthly household income per capita (OR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.297-2.082), and without any neurological or mental disorders (OR = 1.810, 95% CI: 1.323-2.478) were more likely to have higher levels of awareness about Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Adults in Zhuhai show a limited knowledge of AD, particularly in the 'Symptoms' and 'Caregiving' subdomains. Upcoming health campaigns must focus on bridging the knowledge gaps in different subdomains of AD, especially among subgroups with lower awareness, as identified in our study.

Cancer fatalism, social media informational awareness, and education.

OBJECTIVE: Understand if cancer fatalism among adult social media users in the United States is linked to social media informational awareness and if the relationship varies by education level. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 3,948) were analyzed using multivariable linear probability models. The study population was defined as social media users active within the past year. The outcome variable was cancer fatalism and the predictor variables were social media informational awareness and education level. RESULTS: Participants with low social media informational awareness were 9% (95% CI = 3, 15), 6% (95% CI = 1, 11), and 21% (95% CI = 14, 27) percentage points more likely to agree that it seems like everything causes cancer, you cannot lower your chances of getting cancer, and there are too many cancer prevention recommendations to follow, respectively. Participants with a college degree or higher level of education and who reported high social media informational awareness were the least likely to agree that everything causes cancer (60%; 95% CI = 54, 66), you cannot lower your chances of getting cancer (14%; 95% CI = 10, 19), and there are too many cancer prevention recommendations to follow (52%; 95% CI = 46, 59). CONCLUSION: Social media informational awareness was associated with lower levels of cancer fatalism among adult social media users. College graduates with high social media informational awareness were the least likely to report cancer fatalism.

Evaluating health literacy from an organizational perspective: A cross-sectional study of community health centers.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate community health centers' (CHCs) health literacy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SAMPLE: A total of 374 CHCs were surveyed and 258 CHCs responded, with an effective questionnaire response rate of 69.0%. MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected by using a self-developed health literacy assessment tool to survey CHCs' health literacy throughout Taiwan from January to December 2019. RESULTS: The item of organizational health literacy (OHL) with the highest proportion of CHCs not implementing them was "Design of easy-to-use computer applications and new media" (47.3% not yet achieved), followed by "Involving target audiences in document and service development" (34.9% not yet achieved). CHCs located in northern Taiwan had higher health literacy achievement scores than those in other regions, and those in urban areas had higher health literacy achievement scores than those in general and remote areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified items with poor implementation of OHL and found regional differences in health literacy among CHCs. The findings can inform the development of targeted interventions to improve health literacy in underperforming CHCs and guide policymakers in allocating resources to regions and areas in need of.

Joint association of weight-adjusted-waist index and physical activity with insulin resistance in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a recently developed obesity metric, and the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and WWI and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in adolescents, as well as the joint association of HOMA-IR. METHODS: This study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted between 2013 and 2016 and included 1024 adolescents whose median age was 15.4. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations between HOMA-IR and PA and WWI. Using generalized additive models, a potential nonlinear link between WWI and HOMA-IR was evaluated. Subgroup analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: The fully adjusted model revealed a positive association (ß: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.53) between the WWI and HOMA-IR. The HOMA-IR was lower in physically active (ß: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.05) participants versus inactive participants. Participants who had higher WWI and were not physically active (ß: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82) had the highest levels of HOMA-IR compared to participants who had lower WWI and were physically active. Subgroup analysis revealed that these correlations were similar in males and females. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that higher WWI and PA were associated with a lower HOMA-IR and that WWI and PA had a combined association with HOMA-IR. The findings of this study are informative for the preventing insulin resistance in adolescents.

Prolonged ventricular repolarization associated with mild cognitive impairment and white matter hyperintensities: a cross-sectional study.

Prolonged ventricular repolarization has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association of prolonged ventricular repolarization with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the potential underlying neuropathological mechanisms in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 4328 dementia-free participants (age ≥ 65 years; 56.8% female) in the baseline examination of the Multidomain INterventions to delay dementia and Disability in rural China; of these, 989 undertook structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. QT, QTc, JT, JTc, and QRS intervals were derived from 12-lead electrocardiograph. MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) were defined following the Petersen's criteria. Volumes of gray matter (GM), white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, total white matter hyperintensities (WMH), periventricular WMH (PWMH), and deep WMH (DWMH) were automatically estimated. Data were analyzed using logistic and general linear regression models. Prolonged QT, QTc, JT, and JTc intervals were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MCI and aMCI, but not naMCI (p < 0.05). In the MRI subsample, QT, QTc, JT, and JTc intervals were significantly associated with larger total WMH and PWMH volumes (p < 0.05), but not with DWMH volume. Statistical interactions were detected, such that prolonged QT and JT intervals were significantly associated with reduced GM volume only among participants with coronary heart disease or without APOE ε4 allele (p < 0.05). Prolonged ventricular repolarization is associated with MCI and cerebral microvascular lesions in a general population of older adults. This underlies the importance of cognitive assessments and brain MRI examination among older adults with prolonged QT interval.

Correlates of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis cessation among men who have sex with men in China: implications from a nationally quantitative and qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated the population-level effectiveness of oral PrEP in reducing the risk of HIV infection. However, oral PrEP utilization among MSM in China remains below 1%. While existing literature has primarily focused on oral PrEP preference and willingness, there is limited exploration of the underlying factors contributing to oral PrEP cessation in China. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the factors associated with oral PrEP cessation among MSM in China. METHODS: Assisted by MSM community organizations, we collected 6,535 electronic questionnaires from 31 regions across China, excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. The questionnaire focused on investigating MSM's awareness, willingness, usage, and cessation of oral PrEP. Additionally, 40 participants were randomly chosen for key informant interviews. These qualitative interviews aimed to explore the reasons influencing MSM discontinuing oral PrEP. RESULTS: We eventually enrolled 6535 participants. Among the 685 participants who had used oral PrEP, 19.70% (135/685) ceased oral PrEP. The results indicated that individuals spending > ¥1000 on a bottle of PrEP (aOR = 2.999, 95% CI: 1.886-4.771) were more likely to cease oral PrEP compared to those spending ≤ ¥1000. Conversely, individuals opting for on-demand PrEP (aOR = 0.307, 95% CI: 0.194-0.485) and those using both daily and on-demand PrEP (aOR = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.058-0.226) were less likely to cease PrEP compared to those using daily PrEP. The qualitative analysis uncovered eight themes influencing oral PrEP cessation: (i) High cost and low adherence; (ii) Sexual inactivity; (iii) Lack of knowledge about PrEP; (iv) Trust in current prevention strategies; (v) Poor quality of medical service and counseling; (vi) PrEP stigma; (vii) Partner and relationship factors; (viii) Access challenges. CONCLUSIONS: The cessation of oral PrEP among MSM in China is associated with various factors, including the cost of oral PrEP medication, regimens, individual perception of HIV risk, stigma, and the quality of medical services. It is recommended to provide appropriate regimens for eligible MSM and develop tailored combinations of strategies to enhance PrEP awareness and acceptance among individuals, medical staff, and the MSM community. The findings from this study can support the refinement of HIV interventions among MSM in China, contributing to efforts to reduce the burden of HIV in this population.

Factors predicting self-compassion among patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Thailand: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Although chemotherapy is the primary treatment for breast cancer, it frequently has several detrimental side effects. Patients with breast cancer require self-compassion to regulate their emotions in order to cope with their suffering. Factors affecting self-compassion have mostly been investigated in the context of chronic diseases in general, not specifically in relation to patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Objective: This cross-sectional study sought to describe the self-compassion level and to examine the predictive ability of self-critical judgment, body image, stress, attachment style, social support, hope, and self-reassuring on self-compassion among patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The participants were 210 Thai women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy in northern Thailand and were selected using proportionate random sampling. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2023 using validated instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Self-compassion was moderate (Mean = 2.91, SD = 0.91). Self-critical judgment (ß = 0.487, p <0.001) and hope (ß =0.128, p = 0.032) could predict self-compassion in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and explained 40.1% of the variance. Conclusion: The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing self-critical judgment and fostering hope in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy to enhance their self-compassion. Nurses and other healthcare providers can use the findings to provide interventions to promote self-compassion.

[Association Between the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation and Albuminuria: A Cross-Sectional Study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018]. / å ¨èº«ç‚Žç—‡ç»¼åˆæŒ‡æ•°ä¸Žç™½è›‹ç™½å°¿çš„å ³è”ï¼šåŸºäºŽ2007­2018å¹´å›½å®¶å¥åº·ä¸Žè¥å »è°ƒæŸ¥çš„æ¨ªæ–­é¢ç ”ç©¶.

Objective: Prior studies have established a connection between albuminuria and various inflammatory reactions, highlighting that an increase in C-reactive protein by 1 mg/L increases the likelihood of albuminuria by 2%. Recent investigations indicate a positive correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and increased urinary protein excretion. In addition, elevated levels of the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) also correlate with a higher prevalence of albuminuria. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) offers a more comprehensive indicator of inflammation, providing an extensive assessment of systemic inflammatory status compared to SII and SIRI. Yet, the specific relationship between AISI and albuminuria remains unclear. This study aims to explore this association in U.S. adults. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2007-2018, excluding pregnant women and individuals under 18. Cases with missing data on AISI, urinary albumin concentration, and other covariates were also excluded. AISI was computed using the formula: AISI=(platelet count×neutrophil count×monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. Albuminuria was defined as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio exceeding 30 mg/g. Continuous variables were presented in the form of the mean±standard error, and categorical variables in percentages. We utilized weighted t-tests and chi-square tests for baseline comparisons. We applied weighted multivariable logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAM) to explore the association between AISI and albuminuria and to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Results: The study included 32273 participants, with an average age of (46.75±0.24) years old. The cohort comprised 48.73% males and 51.27% females. The prevalence of albuminuria was 9.64%. The average logarithmic value of log2AISI was 7.95±0.01, and were categorized into tertiles as follows: Quartile 1 (Q1) (4.94 to 7.49), Q2 (7.49 to 8.29), and Q3 (8.29 to 10.85). As log2AISI increased, so did the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and albuminuria, all showing statistically significant increases (P<0.001). Similarly, the use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic drugs was also more prevalent (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed across the three groups concerning age, race and ethnicity, formal education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were noted in the total cholesterol or the sex ratios among the groups. The association between log2AISI and albuminuria was assessed using weighted multivariable logistic regression, and the detailed results are presented in Table 2. In model 1, without adjusting for covariates, each unit increase in log2AISI was associated with a 32% increase in the risk of albuminuria (odds ratio [OR]=1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-1.38, P<0.001). Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, race, and education level, and showed a similar trend, with each unit increase in log2AISI associated with a 31% increased risk (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.26-1.37, P<0.001). Model 3, which was further adjusted for all covariates, revealed that each unit increase in log2AISI was associated with a 20% increase in the risk of albuminuria (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.15-1.26, P<0.001). The study also transformed log2AISI from a continuous to a categorical variable for analysis. Compared with Q1, the risk of albuminuria in Q3, after adjusting for all covariates, significantly increased (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.55, P<0.001). Q2 also demonstrated a higher risk compared with Q1 (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.36, P=0.004). The trend test indicated a dose-effect relationship between increasing log2AISI and the rising risk of albuminuria. GAM revealed a nonlinear relationship between log2AISI and albuminuria, with distinct trends noted between sexes. Segmented regression based on turning points showed significant effects among women, although the slope difference between the segments was not significant. In men, a significant threshold effect was observed; below the log2AISI of 7.25, increases in log2AISI did not enhance the risk of albuminuria, but above this threshold, the risk significantly increased. As part of a sensitivity analysis, weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed by changing the outcome variable to macroalbuminuria and adjusting for all covariates. The analysis showed that for every unit increase in log2AISI, the risk of developing macroalbuminuria increased by 31% (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.49, P<0.001). Compared with Q1, the risk of albuminuria in Q3 increased by 69% (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.27-2.25, P<0.001), and in Q2, it increased by 40% (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.92, P=0.030). Subgroup analysis and interaction results showed that the positive association between AISI and proteinuria risk was stronger in men than in women. Similarly, the association was stronger in people with hypertension compared with those with normal blood pressure, and higher in overweight people compared with those of normal weight. Furthermore, smokers and drinkers showed a stronger positive association between AISI and the risk of proteinuria than non-smokers and non-drinkers do. These results suggest that sex, blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption interact with AISI to influence the risk of proteinuria. Conclusion: There is a robust positive association between AISI and increased risks of albuminuria in US adults. As log2AISI increases, so does the risk of albuminuria. However, further validation of this conclusion through large-scale prospective studies is warranted.

Professionalism among family medicine residents at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) recently proposed the Saudi Meds Family Medicine (FM) 2020 program, which is based on CanMEDS-FM 2017 and includes a number of competencies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the professionalism of FM residents who follow the modified curriculum of the SCHS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah among FM residents from year 1 to year 3 and postgraduates from the FM residency program of both genders. For data collection, a structured self-administered web-based questionnaire adapted from CanMEDS was used. Results: A total of 45 FM residents responded, with the majority (73.3%) between the ages of 20 and 30 (77.8%), and 62.2% females. In terms of patient professionalism, 93.3% frequently/always demonstrated appropriate professional behavior and relationships in all aspects of practice; 62.2% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice. In terms of professionalism and societal commitment, 80% frequently/always demonstrated accountability to patients, society, and the profession by responding to societal expectations of physicians, and 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to patient safety and quality improvement. In terms of professional commitment, 88.9% frequently/always fulfil and adhere to professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice. In terms of self-commitment, it was discovered that 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated self-awareness and managed influences on personal well-being and professional performance. The majority (80%) managed personal and professional demands for a sustainable practice throughout the physician lifecycle, and 86.7% frequently/always promoted a culture that recognizes, supports, and effectively responds to colleagues in need. Conclusion: FM residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, demonstrated acceptable levels of dedication to patients, society, profession, and self, indicating a high level of professionalism.

Caregiver strain among relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors; The DANCAS relative survey.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about caregiver strain among relatives of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors is limited. Thus, the objectives were to i) describe differences in self-reported mental well-being, mental health, and caregiver strain at different time points (1-5 years) post-OHCA and ii) investigate characteristics associated with caregiver strain. METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey (DANCAS) from October 2020 to March 2021 with OHCA survivors and their closest relatives. The relative survey included the WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI). Differences in scores between time groups were explored using descriptive statistics. Associations between characteristics and caregiver strain were investigated with multivariable logistic regression models, presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for gender, age, education status, relative affiliation, and time after OHCA. RESULTS: Of 561 relatives, 24% (n=137) experienced caregiver strain, with no significant differences in the relatives' mental well-being, mental health, or caregiver strain with time since OHCA. In the adjusted analyses, older age (OR 0.98 95% CI 0.96;0.99) and several self-reported outcomes, including reduced mental well-being (WHO-5 OR 7.27 95% CI 4.86;11.52), symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A OR 6.01 95% CI 3.89;9.29) and depression (HADS-D OR 15.03 95% CI 7.33;30.80) were significantly associated with worse caregiver strain. CONCLUSION: Nearly one-quarter of relatives of OHCA survivors experience caregiver strain, with this proportion remaining unchanged with time. Several outcomes were associated with caregiver strain, emphasising the need to identify relatives at greater risk of burden following OHCA.

Association between biological ageing and periodontitis: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey and multi-omics Mendelian randomization analysis.

AIM: To investigate the relationship and potential causality between biological ageing and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics as well as single-cell sequencing data. Multivariate regression analysis based on cross-sectional data, Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics integration analysis were employed to explore the causal association and potential molecular mechanisms between biological ageing and periodontitis. Additionally, two-step MR mediation analysis explored the risk factors in biological ageing-mediated periodontitis. RESULTS: We analysed data from 3189 participants in the NHANES data and found that higher biological age was associated with increased risk of periodontitis. MR analyses revealed causal associations between biological age measures and periodontitis risk. Frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-4.18, p = .039) and GrimAge acceleration (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32, p = .033) were causally associated with periodontitis risk, and these results were validated in a large-scale meta-periodontitis GWAS dataset. Additionally, the risk effects of body mass index, waist circumference and lifetime smoking on periodontitis were partially mediated by frailty and GrimAge acceleration. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from cross-sectional survey and MR analysis suggests that biological ageing increases the risk of periodontitis. Additionally, improving the associated risk factors can help prevent both ageing and periodontitis.

Prevalence and related factors of nephrolithiasis among medical staff in Qingdao, China: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Certain occupations may predispose individuals to urolithiasis, a multi-factorial disease. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and related factors of nephrolithiasis in medical staff in Qingdao, China. METHODS: Physical examination results of 5115 in-service medical staff aged 22-60 years old were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and stratified analyses by age and gender were applied to explore the related factors of nephrolithiasis in these medical staff. RESULTS: The overall nephrolithiasis prevalence in medical staff in Qingdao, China was 4.65%. Doctors were more prone to nephrolithiasis than nurses (5.63% vs. 3.96%, P = 0.013) and the peak prevalence (6.69%) was observed in medical staff working in the emergency department (ED). Male gender (OR = 1.615, 95% CI = 1.123-2.323, P = 0.010), overweight or obesity (OR = 1.674, 95% CI = 1.266-2.214, P < 0.001), work seniority ≥ 10 years (OR = 2.489, 95%CI = 1.675-3.699, P < 0.001) and working in the ED (OR = 1.815, 95% CI = 1.202-2.742, P = 0.005) were independent predictors for nephrolithiasis in medical staff based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. The associations between overweight or obesity and nephrolithiasis risk as well as between work seniority ≥ 10 years and nephrolithiasis risk in medical staff were independent of age or gender in stratified analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrolithiasis prevalence in medical staff in Qingdao, China seemed not to be higher than that in the general population. Medical staff with work seniority ≥ 10 years and working in the ED should pay abundant attention to take measures to modify their nephrolithiasis risk.

Factors affecting parental role adaptation in parents of preterm infants after discharge: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Parenting a preterm infant can be incredibly challenging and stressful, particularly in the first year after discharge. Desirable parental role adaptation leads to appropriate parenting behaviors and parent-infant interaction, which are essential to child health and development. Aim: To investigate the level of parental role adaptation and its influencing factors among parents of preterm infants in the first year after hospital discharge according to Belsky's parenting process model among parents of preterm infants in the first year after hospital discharge. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Parental Role Adaptation Scale (PRAS) in parents with preterm infants, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Coping Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS-15), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, Spearman correlation analyses, and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: In total, 300 Chinese parents were included in the analysis. In the multivariate analysis, first-time parent (p = 0.003), master's degree and above (p = 0.042), coping adaptation processing (p = 0.000), residence location (towns: p = 0.019, city: p = 0.028), monthly family income (6000-10,000: p = 0.000, >10,000: p = 0.000), and perceived social support (p = 0.001) were all significant predictors of parental role adaptation and collectively accounted for 56.8% of the variation in parental role adaptation of parents with preterm infants (F = 16.473, p < 0.001). Coping adaptation processing mediated the relationship between perceived social support and parental role adaptation (95% bootstrap CI = 0.022, 0.130). Conclusion: Chinese parents of preterm infants experience a moderate level of parental role adaptation when their child is discharged from the hospital to home. Parents who are not first-time parents, have master's degrees or above, live in towns or cities, have higher coping and adaptation abilities, have high monthly family income, and greater perceived social support have a higher level of parental role adaptation. Healthcare providers should pay more attention to parents with low socioeconomic status and encourage them to improve their coping and adaptation abilities and to utilize their formal and informal social support networks.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones: results of a nationwide survey.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2014 were used in this cross-sectional analysis. The CDAI was derived by standardizing the intake of dietary antioxidants from 24 h dietary recalls. The study assessed the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones based on questionnaire responses. The association between the CDAI and both the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones was investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests further evaluated the robustness of this relationship. Results: The study included 20,743 participants, and the reported incidence and recurrence rates of kidney stones were 9.09 and 2.90%, respectively. After stratifying the CDAI into tertiles, an inverse trend was observed in both kidney stones' prevalence and recurrence probabilities with increasing CDAI levels. Adjusting for confounding factors, individuals in the top tertile had a 23% lower prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.90, p = 0.0011) and a 39% lower recurrence rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.80, p = 0.0003) than those in the bottom tertile. In addition, interaction tests showed that age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes did not significantly affect the relationship between CDAI levels and kidney stone prevalence and recurrence rates. Conclusion: Our study suggests that increased levels of CDAI are associated with reduced incidence and recurrence rates of kidney stones. Therefore, increasing the intake of dietary antioxidants may be an effective strategy for preventing kidney stones and their recurrence.

Gender differences in the association between dietary protein intake and constipation: findings from NHANES.

Purpose: Dietary factors play a crucial role in the development and management of chronic constipation, yet the relationship between dietary protein intake and constipation remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary protein intake and the prevalence of constipation among American adults, with a focus on potential gender differences, using large-scale national data. Materials and methods: Data from 14,048 participants aged 20 and above (7,072 men and 6,976 women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 were analyzed. The Bristol Stool Form Scale's types 1 (separate hard lumps, resembling nuts) and 2 (sausage-shaped, but lumpy) were used to define constipation. A 24-h dietary recall technique was used to measure dietary protein intake. After controlling for covariates, the association between protein consumption and constipation risk was examined using multivariable logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, and testing for gender interaction effects. We then further determined the threshold effect between dietary protein intake and constipation risk. Results: Constipation was present in 7.49% of people overall, with a higher proportion among women (10.19%) than among males (4.82%). In men, higher protein intake was significantly associated with a lower rate of constipation. However, in women, higher protein intake correlated with an increased risk of constipation, and the interaction between gender was significant (P for interaction = 0.0298). These results were corroborated by smooth curve fits, which also demonstrated a dose-response effect. Further threshold effect analysis showed that the turning points of dietary protein intake differed between male and female participants (119.42 gm/day for men; 40.79 gm/day for women). Conclusion: The association between dietary protein intake and constipation was different in different genders with threshold effect. For men, moderately increasing protein intake could be beneficial, while for women, exceeding a certain level may increase the risk of constipation. These insights are crucial for guiding dietary protein recommendations for different genders and have significant clinical implications.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients with combined dentition defect and non-functional impacted teeth toward tooth autotransplantation.

BACKGROUND: Tooth autotransplantation (TAT) is a surgical procedure involving the extraction of a tooth from one location and its subsequent transplantation into another alveolar socket within the same individual. This innovative treatment approach holds significant promise. Nonetheless, the potential recipients exhibit a limited level of awareness and understanding of this procedure. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among patients with combined dentition defects and non-functional impacted teeth toward TAT. METHODS: This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023 at one hospital. A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of the patients and assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward TAT. RESULTS: A total of 533 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 5.55 ± 2.38 (possible range: 0-10), 26.82 ± 2.46 (possible range, 8-40), and 27.45 ± 7.40 (possible range, 9-45), respectively. CONCLUSION: The participants had insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, and passive practices toward TAT. Targeted interventions should be implemented to improve the understanding and practice of TAT among patients with dentition defects.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward interstitial lung disease among patients: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward interstitial lung disease (ILD) among patients and analyze the factors affecting KAP. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with ILD treated at the Respiratory Department of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to evaluate their KAP toward ILD through convenient sampling. Multivariate regression analysis and structural equation model (SEM) were used to analyze the factors influencing KAP and their interactions. Results: A total of 397 patients were enrolled, with 61.71% male. The mean KAP scores were 4.60 ± 3.10 (possible range: 0-12), 16.97 ± 2.16 (possible range: 5-25), and 32.60 ± 7.16 (possible range: 9-45), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school [OR = 2.003, 95%CI: 1.056-3.798, p = 0.033], high school and above [OR = 2.629, 95%CI: 1.315-5.258, p = 0.006], and duration of disease ≥5 years [OR = 1.857, 95%CI: 1.132-3.046, p = 0.014] were independently associated with adequate knowledge. The knowledge [OR = 1.108, 95%CI: 1.032-1.189, p = 0.005] and duration of disease ≥5 years [OR = 0.525, 95%CI: 0.317-0.869, p = 0.012] were independently associated with a positive attitude. The knowledge [OR = 1.116, 95%CI: 1.036-1.202, p = 0.004], attitude [OR = 1.180, 95%CI: 1.061-1.312, p = 0.002], and the age of >70 years [OR = 0.447, 95%CI: 0.245-0.817, p = 0.009] were independently associated with the proactive practice. SEM showed that patients' knowledge of ILD directly affected their attitude (ß = 0.842, p < 0.001) and practice (ß = 0.363, p < 0.001), and their attitude also affected their practice (ß = 0.347, p = 0.014). Conclusion: Patients with ILD in China had poor knowledge, intermediate attitude, and proactive practice toward ILD, which suggests that the health education of patients should be further strengthened.

The relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviour in nurses: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To examine the relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviour in nurses. BACKGROUND: Self-compassion can influence nurses' ability to cope with stress and their job performance. High levels of self-compassion may play a role in nurses' coping with compassion fatigue and burnout. This may make the concept of self-compassion in nurses an important variable for effective care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Study data were collected between March and May 2022 from 331 nurses at a hospital in the city of Antalya, Turkey. A personal information form, the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Caring Behaviour Inventory-24 (CBI-24) were used to collect data, and the program SPSS 23.0 was used in data evaluation. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of data. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The nurses' mean scores were 3.50 ± 0.61 on SCS and 5.21 ± 0.56 on CBI-24. A positive correlation was found between the nurses' self-compassion levels and caring behaviour. Also, the SCS sub-dimension of mindfulness, working in intensive care and working willingly in the nursing profession significantly predicted caring behaviour. These variables explain 19.4% of the variance of caring behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses' self-compassion levels were medium and their caring behaviour was at a high level, and caring behaviour was higher in those who worked in intensive care, those who were working willingly in the nursing profession, and in those with high scores on the self-compassion sub-dimension of mindfulness. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: It is important to strengthen nurses' self-compassion skills to develop their caring behaviour. In particular, giving nurses in clinics mindfulness-based education will help them to increase their awareness concerning their own lives and to develop their caring behaviour.

First Cousin Marriages and the Risk of Childhood-Onset Vitiligo: Exploring the Genetic Background: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Vitiligo, a condition characterized by depigmented skin, has been observed to have a higher incidence in patients with a family history of the disease. This study investigates the relationship between parental consanguinity, family medical history, and the onset of childhood vitiligo, hypothesizing that genetic factors play a significant role. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 382 people diagnosed with vitiligo in Saudi Arabia. The study assessed the prevalence of parental consanguinity and its correlation with the disease's onset, employing statistical analysis to evaluate the data collected through medical records and family history questionnaires. Results: The findings reveal a significant association between parental consanguinity, particularly among first cousins, and the incidence of childhood-onset vitiligo. Additionally, a notable correlation was found between family medical history and the onset of the condition, with familial vitiligo being more prevalent in patients with adult-onset vitiligo. Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of genetic predispositions in the development of childhood-onset vitiligo, highlighting the influence of parental consanguinity. The results advocate for increased awareness and screening in populations with high rates of consanguinity to facilitate early detection and management of vitiligo. Future research should focus on exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying this association to develop targeted interventions.