ABSTRACT
Introducción. El grado de acidez Dornic (AD), medida indirecta del grado de contaminación de la leche humana cruda (LHC), proporciona información sobre la calidad de esta. Recién extraída, el valor oscila entre 1,0° y 4,0° (óptimo). Descalifica el consumo si es >8,0 °D. Se evaluó la correlación de la AD de la LHC de donantes internas (DI) y externas (DE) según el tiempo de conservación hasta la pasteurización, y se determinó la prevalencia de AD ≤4 ºD. Población y método. Estudio retrospectivo analítico. Resultados. Sobre 13 203 muestras, la AD a partir del día 14 de conservación fue menor en las donantes internas, de 2,92; (IC95% 2,69-3,15) versus 4,01 (IC95%: 3,94-4,08); p <0,001] con mayor proporción de AD ≤4 ºD (88 % en DI versus 76 % en DE); OR: 2,30 (IC95%: 1,25-4,24); p = 0,003. Coeficiente de correlación para las DI: R 2 :0; p = 1). Conclusión. La AD a partir del día 14 fue menor en DI, presentando mayor prevalencia de AD ≤ 4ºD. No existió correlación entre el tiempo de conservación y la AD en las DI.
Introduction. The degree of Dornic acidity (DA) is an indirect measure of milk contamination and quality. In freshly expressed milk, DA ranges between 1.0 and 4.0 (optimal). If DA is > 8.0 °D, it should be discarded. The correlation between DA in raw breast milk from internal donors (ID) and external donors (ED) based on storage time until pasteurization was assessed. Population and method. Retrospective, analytical study. Results. In 13 203 samples, DA was lower in IDs as of 14 days of storage: 2.92 (95% CI: 2.693.15) versus 4.01 (95% CI: 3.944.08), with a higher proportion of DA ≤ 4 °D (88% in IDs versus 76% in EDs); odds ratio: 2.30 (95% CI: 1.254.24). Conclusion. DA as of 14 days of storage was lower in IDs, with a higher prevalence of DA ≤ 4 °D. No correlation was observed between storage time and DA in ID samples.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pasteurization/methods , Milk, Human , Time Factors , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introduction. The degree of Dornic acidity (DA) is an indirect measure of milk contamination and quality. In freshly expressed milk, DA ranges between 1.0 and 4.0 (optimal). If DA is > 8.0 °D, it should be discarded. The correlation between DA in raw breast milk from internal donors (ID) and external donors (ED) based on storage time until pasteurization was assessed. Population and method. Retrospective, analytical study. Results. In 13 203 samples, DA was lower in IDs as of 14 days of storage: 2.92 (95% CI: 2.69-3.15) versus 4.01 (95% CI: 3.94-4.08), with a higher proportion of DA ≤ 4 °D (88% in IDs versus 76% in EDs); odds ratio: 2.30 (95% CI: 1.25-4.24). Conclusion. DA as of 14 days of storage was lower in IDs, with a higher prevalence of DA ≤ 4 °D. No correlation was observed between storage time and DA in ID samples.
Introducción. El grado de acidez Dornic (AD), medida indirecta del grado de contaminación de la leche humana cruda (LHC), proporciona información sobre la calidad de esta. Recién extraída, el valor oscila entre 1,0° y 4,0° (óptimo). Descalifica el consumo si es >8,0 °D. Se evaluó la correlación de la AD de la LHC de donantes internas (DI) y externas (DE) según el tiempo de conservación hasta la pasteurización, y se determinó la prevalencia de AD ≤4 ºD. Población y método. Estudio retrospectivo analítico. Resultados. Sobre 13 203 muestras, la AD a partir del día 14 de conservación fue menor en las donantes internas, de 2,92; (IC95% 2,69-3,15) versus 4,01 (IC95%: 3,94-4,08); p <0,001] con mayor proporción de AD ≤4 ºD (88 % en DI versus 76 % en DE); OR: 2,30 (IC95%: 1,25-4,24); p = 0,003. Coeficiente de correlación para las DI: R 2:0; p = 1). Conclusión. La AD a partir del día 14 fue menor en DI, presentando mayor prevalencia de AD ≤ 4ºD. No existió correlación entre el tiempo de conservación y la AD en las DI.
Subject(s)
Milk, Human , Pasteurization , Humans , Female , Retrospective Studies , Pasteurization/methods , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Milk safety is an important concern in neonatal units and human milk banks. Therefore, evidence-based recommendations regarding raw milk handling and storage are needed to safely promote supplying hospitalized infants with their mother's own milk. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate raw human milk storage methods according to Brazilian milk management regulations by investigating the effects of refrigeration (5°C) for 12 hours and freezing (-20°C) for 15 days on the acidity and energy content in a large number of raw milk samples. METHODS: Expressed milk samples from 100 distinct donors were collected in glass bottles. Each sample was separated into 3 equal portions that were analyzed at room temperature and after either 12 hours of refrigeration or 15 days of freezing. Milk acidity and energy content were determined by Dornic titration and creamatocrit technique, respectively. RESULTS: All samples showed Dornic acidity values within the established acceptable limit (≤ 8°D), as required by Brazilian regulations. In addition, energy content did not significantly differ among fresh, refrigerated and frozen milk samples (median of ~50 kcal/100 mL for each). CONCLUSION: Most samples tested (> 80%) were considered top quality milk (< 4°D) based on acidity values, and milk energy content was preserved after storage. We conclude that the storage methods required by Brazilian regulations are suitable to ensure milk safety and energy content of stored milk when supplied to neonates.
Subject(s)
Cryopreservation , Government Regulation , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Milk Banks/legislation & jurisprudence , Milk, Human/chemistry , Refrigeration , Specimen Handling/methods , Adult , Brazil , Breast Milk Expression , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Milk Banks/standards , Specimen Handling/standardsABSTRACT
Objetivou-se determinar a composição e qualidade do leite e do soro do leite de búfalas no estadodo Rio Grande do Norte. O experimento foi realizado no município de Taipu, situada na região Agreste doestado do Rio Grande do Norte. As amostras de foram coletadas mensalmente no tanque de resfriamento dafazenda. As amostras foram analisadas pela metodologia de espectroscopia no infravermelho com Transformadade Fourier pelo equipamento Milkoscan FT TM. A coleta do soro foi realizada em dois meses separadamente,uma amostra no mês de junho e outra no mês agosto de 2011, diretamente do tanque de produção, utilizando acoagulação enzimática para a fabricação do queijo. Os dados das variáveis foram submetidos à análise devariância e, posteriormente, suas médias, foram comprovadas através do teste de Tukey. Os parâmetros (gordura,proteína, lactose e sólidos totais) avaliados apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas (P<0,0001) entreos meses. Os teores médios foram 5,44%, 4,24%, 4,77% e 15,42% para gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidostotais, respectivamente. O soro de leite de búfalas apresentou 6,94% de matéria seca, 0,91% de proteína, 1,51%de gordura e 4,07% de carboidratos. O pH do soro apresentou média de 6,4, enquanto a acidez ficou em6°Dornic. O mês do ano influenciou na composição do leite de búfalas. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do leite esoro do leite de búfalas, criadas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, estão dentro dos limites preconizados paraespécie.
This study aimed to determine the composition and quality of milk and whey of buffalo in thestate of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Taipu, located in theAgreste of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The samples were monthly in the cooling tank farm. The sampleswere analyzed by the method of infrared spectroscopy by Fourier Transform equipment MilkoScan FT TM. Thecollection of serum was performed separately in two months, a sample in June and another in the month ofAugust 2011, directly from the production tank, using rennet for cheese manufacturing. The data variables weresubjected to analysis of variance and, subsequently, their averages were proven by the Tukey test. Theparameters (fat, protein, lactose and total solids) evaluated showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001) between the months. The average contents were 5.44%, 4.24%, 4.77% and 15.42% for fat, protein,lactose and total solids, respectively. Whey buffaloes showed 6.94% dry matter, 0.91% protein, 1.51% fat and4.07% carbohydrates. The serum had a mean pH of 6.4, while the acidity was in 6th Dornic. The month of theyear influences the composition of buffalo milk. The physico-chemical parameters of milk and whey of buffalo,created in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, are within the limits recommended for species.
Subject(s)
Food Composition , Milk/microbiology , Milk/chemistry , Food Quality , Cheese/analysis , Whey/microbiology , Whey/chemistry , BuffaloesABSTRACT
Objetivou-se determinar a composição e qualidade do leite e do soro do leite de búfalas no estadodo Rio Grande do Norte. O experimento foi realizado no município de Taipu, situada na região Agreste doestado do Rio Grande do Norte. As amostras de foram coletadas mensalmente no tanque de resfriamento dafazenda. As amostras foram analisadas pela metodologia de espectroscopia no infravermelho com Transformadade Fourier pelo equipamento Milkoscan FT TM. A coleta do soro foi realizada em dois meses separadamente,uma amostra no mês de junho e outra no mês agosto de 2011, diretamente do tanque de produção, utilizando acoagulação enzimática para a fabricação do queijo. Os dados das variáveis foram submetidos à análise devariância e, posteriormente, suas médias, foram comprovadas através do teste de Tukey. Os parâmetros (gordura,proteína, lactose e sólidos totais) avaliados apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas (P<0,0001) entreos meses. Os teores médios foram 5,44%, 4,24%, 4,77% e 15,42% para gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidostotais, respectivamente. O soro de leite de búfalas apresentou 6,94% de matéria seca, 0,91% de proteína, 1,51%de gordura e 4,07% de carboidratos. O pH do soro apresentou média de 6,4, enquanto a acidez ficou em6°Dornic. O mês do ano influenciou na composição do leite de búfalas. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do leite esoro do leite de búfalas, criadas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, estão dentro dos limites preconizados paraespécie.(AU)
This study aimed to determine the composition and quality of milk and whey of buffalo in thestate of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Taipu, located in theAgreste of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The samples were monthly in the cooling tank farm. The sampleswere analyzed by the method of infrared spectroscopy by Fourier Transform equipment MilkoScan FT TM. Thecollection of serum was performed separately in two months, a sample in June and another in the month ofAugust 2011, directly from the production tank, using rennet for cheese manufacturing. The data variables weresubjected to analysis of variance and, subsequently, their averages were proven by the Tukey test. Theparameters (fat, protein, lactose and total solids) evaluated showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001) between the months. The average contents were 5.44%, 4.24%, 4.77% and 15.42% for fat, protein,lactose and total solids, respectively. Whey buffaloes showed 6.94% dry matter, 0.91% protein, 1.51% fat and4.07% carbohydrates. The serum had a mean pH of 6.4, while the acidity was in 6th Dornic. The month of theyear influences the composition of buffalo milk. The physico-chemical parameters of milk and whey of buffalo,created in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, are within the limits recommended for species.(AU)
Subject(s)
Milk/chemistry , Milk/microbiology , Whey/chemistry , Whey/microbiology , Food Composition , Food Quality , Cheese/analysis , BuffaloesABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a ocorrência do Leite Instável não Ácido em propriedades leiteiras que fornecem leite para um laticínio situado no município de Viçosa-AL. Foram coletadas 276 amostras de leite obtidas da ordenha completa de cada animal, sendo armazenadas em tubos de ensaio esterilizados e identificados com o nome ou número do animal, as amostras foram imediatamente encaminhadas em caixas isotérmicas contendo gelo reciclável ao laboratório para análise da estabilidade ao álcool e a determinação da acidez em graus Dornic. Foram encontradas 119 amostras com instabilidade ao teste do álcool, sendo 93 (78%) amostras positivas para LINA e 26 (22%) amostras positivas para leite ácido. Conclui-se, com este estudo, que há uma ocorrência elevada de leite instável não ácido (LINA) nas fazendas leiteiras estudadas. Sugere-se o monitoramento da ocorrência do LINA para minimizar as alterações das características físico-químicas, preservar a qualidade nutricional do leite e, dessa forma, diminuir a rejeição por parte das indústrias.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of non-acidic unstable milk in dairy properties that provide milk to a dairy located in Viçosa-AL. We collected 276 samples of milk from the complete milking of each animal, and stored in sterile test tubes and labeled with the name or number of the animal, the samples were immediately sent in cool boxes containing ice packs to the laboratory for analysis of stability alcohol and to determine degrees of Dornic acidity. 119 samples were unstable to the test of alcohol, 93 (78%) samples positive for LINA and 26 (22%) samples positive for acid milk. We conclude from this study that there is a high occurrence of unstable milk not acid (LINA) on dairy farms studied. It is suggested to monitor the occurrence of LINA to minimize changes in the physico-chemical characteristics, preserving the nutritional quality of milk and thus reduce rejection of industries.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle/physiology , Milk/chemistry , BrazilABSTRACT
Banco de Leite Humano (BLH) é o serviço responsável pela promoção e incentivo ao aleitamento materno, que atende às necessidades nutricionais de recém-nascidos prematuros ou de baixo peso. Sua matéria prima é o leite materno, alimento único que possui componentes bioquímicos, celulares e nutricionais ideais para o desenvolvimento destes. Deve fornecer um produto perfeitamente processado e com qualidade garantida antes de sua distribuição. Para controlar o processamento do leite do BLH de Sorocaba, são realizados análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Laboratório Regional de Sorocaba. Durante o período pesquisado, a acidez foi determinada em 1.858 amostras de leite cru, o valor calórico calculado em 1.457 amostras e a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes pesquisada em 3.883 amostras de leite pasteurizado. O resultados obtidos mostraram que o índice de acidez acima de 8 graus Dornic foi responsável por 24,1 por cento das amostras de leite rejeitadas pelo BLH de Sorocaba, enquanto que apenas 2,6 por cento o foram por presença de contaminação bacteriana. A técnica do crematócrito permitiu classificar as amostras de leite em três faixas calóricas. A análise de rejeição das amostras de leite indicou a necessidade de reorientação das doadoras na etapa de coleta do leite humano ordenhado, visto que a alta incidência de amostras com acidez elevada pode ser devida às condições higiênico-sanitárias no momento da ordenha.(AU)
The Human Milk Bank ( HMB) is the service responsible for the promotion and incentive of breastfeeding since it meets nutritional need both for pronatis and low weight newborn babies. Its raw material is the maternal milk , a unique food that contains biochemical, cellular and nutritional components which are ideal for the babies's development. The HBM must provide an accurately processed product presenting assured quality prior to its distribution. To control the milk processing in the HBM in Sorocaba, microbiological and physicochemical analysis are carried out at Adolfo Lutz Institute -Regional Laboratory in Sorocaba. During the researched period, the acidity was determined in 1.858 samples of raw milk , the caloric value was calculated in 1.457 samples and the presence of total and thermotolerant colifonns was researched in 3.883 samples of pasteurized milk. The obtained results showed that acidity index over 8° Dornic was responsible for 24,1% of milk samples rejected by the HMB in Sorocaba whereas only 2,6% were rejected due to the presence of bacterial contamination. The Crematócrito technique permitted the milk samples classification into three caloric ranges. The rejection index analysis of milk samples indicated that it is necessary to re orient the donators in the moment of collecting the human milk since the great incidence of samples with high acidity may be due to unsatisfactory hygienic - sanitarium conditions in the moment of milking. (AU)