Instruments to Assess the Comfort of Hospitalized Elderly People: A Scoping Review.

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to map the instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults in the scientific literature, identifying those instruments validated and transculturally adapted to the realities of Brazil. Methods: This was a scoping review of 14 articles and a website retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct/Elsevier, and gray literature (Oasisbr, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations [CAPES], OATD, BDBTD, and The Comfort Line). Results: Seventeen instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults were mapped; however, none were specifically designed for this population, as they were originally intended for adults or individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions. Among these, three have been validated and transculturally adapted to the Brazilian context. Conclusions: This study reveals the need for a specific instrument tailored for hospitalized older adults without neuropsychiatric conditions.

Femoral fracture in the elderly: dependence on nursing care

Introduction: Due to the aging of the population, nursing processes have been adapted to these patients, who require a high level of care and guidance. Objective: Analyzing the degree of dependence on nursing care by elderly patients (65 years or older) with femur fractures. Materials and Methods: retrospective, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a private hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. The sample comprehends 41 patients, analyzed epidemiological data and degree of dependence Study of nursing care during hospitalization, environment of hospitalization and discharge, according to the SCP. Results: Composed of 41 patients, mean age of 84 years and female predominance (75.61%). With regard to fractures, there was a greater occurrence due to falls from standing height and predominance of neck fractures, with an average time until surgery of less than 16 hours. Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were predominant. The average of the SCP estimates presented 24.26 in the 1st, 26.12 in the 2nd and 26.24 in the 3rd. The length of hospital stay was 7 days and no deaths were reported. Discussion: The findings on sociodemographic data, reasons for falls, location, comorbidities, degree of dependence and length of hospital stay are similar to those available in databases. They differ, in better quality, under time until surgery and clinical. Conclusions: The study presents specific knowledge to carry out the care of the intra-hospital nursing process, thus allowing the systematization of the team's assistance.

Gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada: perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica / Care management for hospitalized elderly: perspective of gerontological nursing / Gestión del cuidado del anciano hospitalizado: perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica

Objetivo: analisar a gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada na perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica. Método: estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória-descritiva, realizado entre os meses de maio e junho de 2022, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 enfermeiros não especialistas em gerontologia que atuam em serviços que atendem pessoas idosas em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram realizadas após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, transcritas e submetidas à análise temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: os enfermeiros apresentam lacunas no conhecimento gerontológico, gerando insegurança na gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Considerações finais: os enfermeiros generalistas ou especialistas em áreas do conhecimento diferentes da gerontologia demonstram limitações para a gestão do cuidado à pessoa com demandas gerontológicas. Faz-se necessária uma reestruturação curricular dos Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem, bem como ampliar a inserção do especialista em enfermagem gerontológica nos espaços de internação com pacientes idosos(AU)

Objective: To analyze the management of care for hospitalized elderly people from the perspective of gerontological nursing. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, carried out between the months of 2022 May and June, through semi-structured interviews with 18 nurses who are not specialists in gerontology, and work in services that assist elderly people in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: Nurses have gaps in gerontological knowledge, generating insecurity in the management of care for hospitalized elderly people. Final considerations: Nurses who are general practitioners or specialists in areas of knowledge other than gerontology demonstrate limitations in managing care for people with gerontological demands. It is necessary to restructure the curriculum of undergraduate nursing courses, as well as to expand the insertion of specialists in gerontological nursing in hospitalization spaces with elderly patients(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado desde la perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica. Método: estudio cualitativo, de naturaleza exploratoria-descriptiva, realizado entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2022, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a 18 enfermeros no expertos en gerontología que trabajan en servicios que asisten a ancianos en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro. Las entrevistas se realizaron previa aprobación del Comité de Ética, se transcribieron y sometieron al análisis temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: Los enfermeros presentan lagunas en el conocimiento gerontológico, generando inseguridad en la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado. Consideraciones finales: Los enfermeros generalistas o especialistas en áreas del conocimiento diferentes a la gerontología demuestran limitaciones en la gestión del cuidado de las personas con demandas gerontológicas. Es necesario reestructurar el currículo de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería, así como ampliar la inserción del especialista en enfermería gerontológica en los espacios de hospitalización con ancianos(AU)

Vulnerability among rural older adults in southern Brazil: population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vulnerability, and to identify the associated factors of vulnerability among rural community-dwelling older adults living in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of a sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Data from the first follow-up of the EpiRural Cohort Study (2018-2019) were used. Vulnerability was assessed using the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13). The maximum score is 10 and older adults with scores of 3 or more are classified as vulnerable. Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was used for crude and adjusted analyses. For the analysis of the associated factors, a theoretical model was constructed with three hierarchical levels. The variables were adjusted in relation to each other within each level; those with a significance level of 0.20 or less were included in the regression model and adjusted to a higher level, with a subsequent level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of vulnerability was 40.8% (95%CI 37.5-44.3). Vulnerability was more prevalent among women (PR=1.45; 95%CI 1.23-1.71), older adults who did not work (PR=1.70; 95%CI 1.17-2.45), those who lived without a partner (PR=1.26; 95%CI 1.07-1.47), those with diabetes (PR=1.23; 95%CI 1.03-1.48), those with depression (PR=1.21; 95%CI 1.02-1.42), those with osteoporosis (PR=1.38; 95%CI 1.15-1.66), and those with sarcopenia (PR=1.67; 95%CI 1.38-2.02). CONCLUSION: Vulnerability is common among rural community-dwelling older adults and is associated with sociodemographic and health characteristics.

Estimation of vaccination coverage and associated factors in older Mexican adults.

National vaccination programmes recommend the influenza vaccine for older adults, but this population group has the greatest morbidity and mortality from other preventable vaccine diseases. The aim of this article is to estimate the vaccine coverage in adults aged 65 years and older and to analyse the factors that could increase or decrease vaccination uptake probability for the three listed vaccines in the national vaccination programme (influenza, tetanus and diphtheria, and pneumococcus) and the full scheme in Mexico. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with 2012, 2018, and 2021 rounds from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, in which we calculated the vaccine coverage estimations and performed multivariable logistic regression models to analyse the factors related to vaccine uptake. Tetanus and diphtheria vaccines had the greatest coverage estimation in all years (59-71%), whereas the pneumococcus vaccine had the lowest (32-53%). Full scheme vaccine coverage decreased from 37.80% to 24.77% in 2012 and 2021, respectively. The National Health Card property, morbidity, being a beneficiary of any health system institution, and use of preventive services increased the probability of vaccine uptake. In conclusion, vaccine coverage in older Mexican adults decreased over time, and the Mexican health system plays a strategic role in immunisation.

Risco de queda versus mobilidade segura em pessoas idosas: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Risk for falls versus safe mobility in older adults: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear, por meio de produções científicas, os elementos constitutivos do conceito de mobilidade segura presentes na assistência hospitalar a pessoas idosas. MÉTODO: Elaborou-se protocolo de scoping review fundamentado na metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), que evidencia as etapas de estratégia de busca, seleção dos estudos, extração e sumarização dos dados, a partir de critérios delineados, de forma a responder à pergunta de pesquisa. Serão considerados os estudos que incluem indivíduos a partir de 60 anos, independente do sexo e das condições associadas, e excluídos os que não foram publicados na íntegra, ou cujo acesso não tenha sido possível. As evidências que expressam os elementos constitutivos do conceito de mobilidade segura aplicado ao contexto da assistência hospitalar a pessoas idosas podem auxiliar na tomada de decisão em saúde e na difusão de intervenções de enfermagem adequadas, bem como contribuir para o ensino, a extensão e a pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To map, in scientific productions, the constituent elements of the concept of safe mobility in older adult hospital care. METHOD: A scoping review protocol was developed based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), which highlights the stages of search strategy, study selection, data extraction, and summarization based on criteria outlined to answer the research question. Studies that include individuals over 60 years of age, regardless of gender and associated conditions, will be considered, and those that have not been published in full format or whose access has not been possible will be excluded. The evidence that expresses the constitutive elements of the concept of safe mobility applied to the context of older adult hospital care can help in the decision-making in health care and the dissemination of appropriate nursing interventions, as well as contributing to teaching, extension, and research.

Income- and education-based inequalities of edentulism and dental services utilization in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Tooth loss is a worldwide public health problem affecting mainly socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Dental services utilization may increase access to preventive actions and conservative treatment, reducing the prevalence of tooth loss. This study evaluated the income- and education-based inequalities in edentulism according to the utilization of dental services among adults and older adults in Brazil. METHODS: Data from the National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil, 2010) of adults (ages 35-44 years, n = 9779) and older adults (ages 65-74 years, n = 7619) were analysed. Socioeconomic indicators (SES) included education and income. The magnitude of inequality in edentulism by education and income levels was estimated by the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). The changes in the RII and SII according to the utilization of dental services were estimated. Regression models estimated the association between SES and edentulism and whether dental services utilization modified this association. RESULTS: Higher edentulism prevalence was observed among those with lower education and income levels. The utilization of dental services changed the education-based inequality index in edentulism for adults, with percentage changes of 17.4% (RII) and 56.8% (SII). For adults with low education (0-4 years of study), the odds of edentulism were 80% (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1-0.6) and 90% (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.01-0.2) lower for those who had used dental services within the preceding year and within 1-2 years compared with those who had used such services within the preceding 3 or more years, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a social gradient in the prevalence of edentulism in adults and older adults, and the education-based inequalities in edentulism were lower among adults reporting utilization of dental services in the preceding year.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição de idosos hospitalizados: estudo transversal analítico / Calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución en adultos mayores hospitalizados: estudio transversal analítico / Swallowing-related quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients: A cross-sectional analytical study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição em idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo transversal analítico e observacional. Participaram 52 idosos internados em clínica médica de um hospital público no Distrito Federal. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool e o Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, além de coleta de dados sociodemográficos e condições de saúde. Resultados Dos idosos participantes 30,8% apresentaram risco de disfagia autorrelatada. Os idosos com risco de disfagia apresentaram menor pontuação no domínio "tempo de se alimentar" e maior pontuação no domínio de "saúde mental". O único domínio que não houve diferença estatística no padrão de resposta dos participantes que apresentaram ou não risco de disfagia foi o domínio sono. Entre as variáveis dos 11 domínios do Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens foi possível observar correlações positivas em sua maioria com diferentes graus. Conclusão A qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição de idosos hospitalizados está diretamente manifestada com a diminuição do convívio social, aumento do tempo para se alimentar, medo e fardo.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución en adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico y observacional. Participaron 52 adultos mayores internados en clínica médica de un hospital público en el Distrito Federal. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool y Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, además de la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos y condiciones de salud. Resultados De los adultos mayores que participaron, el 30,8 % presentó riesgo de disfagia autoinformada. Los adultos mayores con riesgo de disfagia presentaron un menor puntaje en el dominio "tiempo para alimentarse" y un puntaje más alto en el dominio "salud mental". El único dominio en el que no hubo una diferencia estadística en el tipo de respuesta de los participantes que presentaron o no riesgo de disfagia fue el del dominio sueño. Entre las variables de los 11 dominios del Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens se observaron mayormente correlaciones positivas en diferentes niveles. Conclusión La calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución de adultos mayores hospitalizados está directamente manifestada con la reducción de la convivencia social, el aumento de tiempo para alimentarse, el miedo y la carga.

Abstract Objective To evaluate swallowing-related quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods Cross-sectional analytical and observational approach was used in our study. Fifty-two elderly patients in a medical clinic of a public hospital in Distrito Federal [Federal District] participated. In addition to collecting sociodemographic and health condition data, the Eating Assessment Tool and the swallowing-related quality of life Questionnaire were applied. Results Of the elderly participants, 30.8% had a self-reported risk of dysphagia. The elderly at risk for dysphagia had lower scores in the "eating duration" domain and higher scores in the "mental health" domain. The only domain in which there was no statistical difference in the response pattern of the participants who were, or were not at risk for dysphagia was the "sleep domain." Among the variables of the 11 domains of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire, mostly positive correlations were found, with different degrees. Conclusion The swallowing-related quality of life of hospitalized elderly patients is directly manifested as decreased social interaction, increased eating time, fear to eat, and swallowing as a burden.

Cognitive Dysfunction of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Older Adults.

Background: Chikungunya fever is a disabling articular disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). In the past decade it has affected millions of people across America, Africa, Asia, and Europe, turning this infection into a public health concern. The acute phase of chikungunya infection is usually self-limiting, characterized by severe arthralgia, fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and rash. CHIKV neurovirulence is evident and seems to be higher among elders. Considering their susceptibility to cognitive decline and dementia, the aim of our study was to investigate whether CHIKV infection might cause long-term cognitive impairment in aged people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteers aged from 60 to 90 who had been affected by chikungunya and also with healthy controls. A structured questionnaire was used to record demographic and clinical data, functional status, and depression. Global cognitive function was assessed through MoCA. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed to assess specific cognitive functions. Results: Subjective memory complaints were present in 70% of subjects with previous chikungunya. This group had a poorer performance in MoCA (p = 0.000) and specific cognitive tests: Semantic (p = 0.05) and Phonemic Verbal Fluency (p = 0.003), 5-Digit (choice, reading, counting and alternance, p = 0.003, p = 0.014, p = 0.021, and p = 0.021, respectively), Stroop test (time, errors and interference, p = 0.000, p = 0.027 and p = 0.015, respectively), and RAVLT (word total session p = 0.05). These tests reflect performance on general executive functions, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, processing speed, semantic memory and episodic memory. Conclusion: Our data suggest that CHIKV infection may cause long-term cognitive decline in aged people and might be a risk factor for future dementia in this population.

Fatores de risco associados ao delirium em idosos hospitalizados para tratamento clínico: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo asociados al delirio en adultos mayores hospitalizados para tratamiento clínico: revisión integradora / Risk factors associated with delirium in aged people hospitalized for clinical treatment: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de delirium em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas para tratamento clínico. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura. Busca realizada em fevereiro de 2022 através da aplicação de estratégia de busca em portais e bases de dados eletrônicas, como a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, o PubMed/MEDLINE e o Web of Science. Resultados: a busca resultou em 965 artigos. Após retirada de duplicatas, 583 tiveram títulos e resumos lidos. Respeitados critérios de elegibilidade, chegou-se a 127 estudos para leitura completa, dos quais 110 foram excluídos e 17 analisados, totalizando amostra de 6.170 pacientes. Foram incluídos estudos com pacientes ≥ 60 anos de idade, tratamento clínico, avaliação de fatores de risco para delirium; e excluídos estudos que utilizaram instrumentos não validados, relatos de casos, teses, monografias, artigos de revisão ou que não responderam à questão de pesquisa. Os fatores de risco mais encontrados foram a presença de déficit cognitivo e demência. Outros fatores também encontrados foram: idade avançada, presença de febre/infecção, desidratação, déficit funcional, uso de psicotrópicos antes do internamento, severidade das doenças de base, polifarmácia, déficit visual, dor ao repouso, presença de diabetes mellitus , fragilidade e tempo de internamento na emergência. Conclusões: os estudos apontam diversos fatores de risco associados ao delirium e destacam a relevância do reconhecimento do delirium pela equipe assistencial. Ação rápida e eficaz na prevenção do delirium em idosos depende da sua identificação. A equipe de saúde deve estar atenta durante o cuidado de populações vulneráveis para que o rastreio de sinais, muitas vezes flutuantes, seja facilitado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de delirium en personas mayores hospitalizadas para tratamiento clínico. Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora. Búsqueda realizada en febrero de 2022 aplicando una estrategia de búsqueda en portales y bases de datos electrónicas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed/MEDLINE y Web of Science. Resultados: la búsqueda dio lugar a 965 artículos. Tras eliminar los duplicados, se leyeron 583 títulos y resúmenes. Se respetaron los criterios de elegibilidad, lo que dio lugar a 127 estudios para su lectura completa, tras lo cual se excluyeron 110 y se analizaron 17, totalizando una muestra de 6.170 pacientes. Se incluyeron estudios con pacientes ≥ 60 años, tratamiento clínico, evaluación de factores de riesgo de delirio; se excluyeron los estudios que utilizaron instrumentos no validados, informes de casos, tesis, monografías, artículos de revisión o que no respondían a la pregunta de investigación. Los factores de riesgo hallados con mayor frecuencia fueron la presencia de déficit cognitivo y demencia. Otros factores: edad avanzada, presencia de fiebre/infección, deshidratación, déficit funcional, uso de psicofármacos antes de la hospitalización, gravedad de las enfermedades subyacentes, polifarmacia, déficit visual, dolor en reposo, presencia de diabetes mellitus, fragilidad y duración de la estancia en urgencias. Conclusiones: los estudios señalan varios factores de riesgo asociados al delirio y destacan la importancia de que el equipo asistencial reconozca la presencia de delirio. Una acción rápida y eficaz para prevenir el delirio en los ancianos depende de su identificación. El equipo sanitario debe estar atento durante la atención a las poblaciones vulnerables para que se facilite el seguimiento de los signos, a menudo fluctuantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify risk factors associated with development of delirium in aged people hospitalized for clinical treatment. Method: an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in February 2022 by applying the search strategy in electronic portals and databases, such as Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science. Results: the search yielded 965 articles. After removing duplicates, 583 had their titles and abstracts read. After applying the eligibility criteria, 127 studies were submitted to full reading, with exclusion of 110 and analysis of 17, totaling a sample comprised by 6,170 patients The studies included were those conducted with patients ≥ 60 years of age, clinical treatment, assessment of risk factors for delirium; and the excluded studies were those that used non-validated instruments, case reports, theses, monographs, review articles or that did not answer the research question. The most frequently found risk factors were presence of cognitive deficit and dementia. Other factors also found were as follows: advanced age, presence of fever/infection, dehydration, functional deficit, use of psychotropic drugs before hospitalization, severity of underlying diseases, polypharmacy, visual impairment, pain at rest, presence of diabetes mellitus, frailty and hospitalization time in the emergency sector. Conclusions: the studies point to various risk factors associated with delirium and highlight the relevance of the care team recognizing this condition. Fast and effective actions to prevent delirium in aged people depends on its identification. The health team should be alert during the care provided to vulnerable populations so that the screening of sings, which are often fluctuating, is facilitated.

Intervención educativa para la preparación de los cuidadores del adulto mayor

RESUMEN Introducción: La población mundial está envejeciendo cada vez más. El cuidado del adulto mayor demanda de profesionales comprometidos y del trabajo educativo con la familia y la comunidad. Objetivo: Implementar una intervención educativa dirigida a la preparación de cuidadores del adulto mayor del Consultorio del Médico de Familia No. 6 del Policlínico Universitario "Mártires del 4 de Agosto", de provincia Guantánamo. Método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, de tipo intervención educativa, entre septiembre de 2018 a junio de 2019. El universo de estudio fue el total de cuidadores de dicha entidad, seleccionada una muestra de 38 cuidadores de modo intencional según criterio de inclusión. Las variables estudiadas fueron: conocimientos de los factores de riesgos del adulto mayor y su prevención, orientación y control del trabajo a realizar, medios y herramientas necesarias para el cuidado, conocimiento de los primeros auxilios. La intervención educativa se realizó en tres etapas, con sus respectivos objetivos y métodos de ejecución. Se utilizó como medida de resumen la frecuencia absoluta y relativa (%). Resultados: Antes de aplicar la intervención educativa diseñada, el 63,1 % de los cuidadores demostró insuficiente nivel de preparación respecto a la labor que realizaban, luego de aplicada, las carencias teórico-prácticas de los cuidadores con respecto al tema disminuyó a un 31,5 %. El 46,9 % (p<0,05) incrementó su preparación, lo que indicó la ventaja de implementar la intervención educativa diseñada. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa posibilita elevar la preparación de los cuidadores de adulto mayor a través de los conocimientos adquiridos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The world's population is increasingly aging. Care of elderly demands committed professionals and an educative work with families and community. Objective: The implementation of an educative intervention aimed for preparing caregivers of elderly in the Family Doctor's Office No. 6 of the Policlínico Universitario "Mártires del 4 de Agosto", in Guantánamo. Method: a prospective, educative intervention-type study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019. The total of all elderly caregivers (as universe), associated to the Medical office, were enrolled in the study and 38 of them were selected as sample intentionally according to inclusion criteria. The variables studied were: knowledge of risk factors in elderly and their prevention, orientation and control of the duties to be done, necessary means and tools for care, knowledge of first aid. The educative intervention was carried out in three different stages with their respective objectives and methods of execution. Absolute and relative frequency was used as a summary measure. Results: Before applying the educative intervention, 63.1% of caregivers showed insufficient level of preparation in their duties; after intervention, the theoretical and practical deficiencies previously arose, so decreased to 31.5%. The 46.9% of caregivers (p<0.05) increased their skills, thus promoting the usefulness of the use of the educative intervention designed. Conclusions: The educative intervention made it possible the improvement on the skills of caregivers.

RESUMO Introdução: A população mundial está envelhecendo. O cuidado ao idoso requer profissionais comprometidos e trabalho educativo com a família e a comunidade. Objetivo: Implementar uma intervenção educativa destinada à preparação de cuidadores de idosos do Consultório Médico de Família nº 6 da Policlínico Universitario "Mártires del 4 de Agosto", província de Guantánamo. Método: Estudo prospectivo, do tipo intervenção educativa, foi realizado entre setembro de 2018 e junho de 2019. O universo de estudo foi o número total de cuidadores da referida entidade, selecionando uma amostra de 38 cuidadores intencionalmente de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. As variáveis estudadas foram: conhecimento dos fatores de risco do idoso e sua prevenção, orientação e controle do trabalho a ser realizado, meios e instrumentos necessários ao cuidado, conhecimento de primeiros socorros. A intervenção educativa foi realizada em três etapas, com seus respectivos objetivos e métodos de execução. Resultados: Antes de aplicar a intervenção educativa desenhada, 63,1% dos cuidadores apresentavam um nível de preparação insuficiente em relação ao trabalho que realizavam, após a sua aplicação, as deficiências teórico-práticas dos cuidadores em relação ao assunto diminuíram para 31,5%. 46,9% (p<0,05) aumentaram sua preparação, o que indicou a vantagem de implementar a intervenção educativa desenhada. Conclusões: A intervenção educativa possibilita elevar o preparo dos cuidadores de idosos por meio dos conhecimentos adquiridos.

Validação psicométrica da versão brasileira do Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile / Validación psicométrica de la versión brasileña del Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile / Psychometric validation of the Brazilian version of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile em uma amostra de enfermeiros brasileiros que atuam em instituições hospitalares. Métodos Estudo metodológico e transversal, realizado em uma amostra de 301 enfermeiros que atuavam na assistência a pacientes de cinco hospitais, localizados nos estados do Piauí e Minas Gerais. Foi utilizada a análise fatorial exploratória com a extração dos fatores pelo método dos componentes principais. Em seguida, aplicou-se a rotação Varimax. Foram avaliados os seguintes constructos correlatos: conhecimento geriátrico (escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes); um que envolve barreiras institucionais e facilitadores de melhores práticas (escala Geriatric Care Environment) e outro que enfatiza a relação interpessoal e aspectos coordenativos da prática profissional (subescalas Professional Issues). Resultados A análise fatorial exploratória indicou que na versão brasileira da escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes, 30 itens apresentaram cargas fatoriais adequadas (>=0,40) e definiram seis fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 40,5%. Na escala Geriatric Care Environment, 28 itens foram adequados e definiram cinco fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 59,27%. Nas subescalas Professional Issues, 45 itens foram adequados e definiram seis fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 57,78%. Conclusão A versão brasileira do Geriatric Institucional Assessment Profile é válido e confiável e pode ser aplicada para avaliar as percepções, atitudes e conhecimentos acerca de distúrbios geriátricos mais comuns e identificar as barreiras enfrentadas por enfermeiros no desenvolvimento de uma assistência com qualidade.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile en una muestra de enfermeros brasileños que trabajan en instituciones hospitalarias. Métodos Estudio metodológico y transversal, realizado en una muestra de 301 enfermeros que trabajaban en la atención a pacientes de cinco hospitales ubicados en los estados de Piauí y Minas Gerais. Se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio con la extracción de los factores por el método de los componentes principales. A continuación, se aplicó la rotación Varimax. Se evaluaron los siguientes constructos correlacionados: conocimiento geriátrico (escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes); uno que incluye barreras institucionales y facilitadores de mejores prácticas (escala Geriatric Care Environment) y otro que enfatiza la relación interpersonal y los aspectos de coordinación de la práctica profesional (subescalas Professional Issues). Resultados El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó que, en la versión brasileña de la escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes, 30 ítems presentaron cargas factoriales adecuadas (>=0,40) y definieron a seis factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 40,5 %. En la escala Geriatric Care Environment, 28 ítems fueron adecuados y definieron cinco factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 59,27 %. En las subescalas Professional Issues, 45 ítems fueron adecuados y definieron a seis factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 57,78 %. Conclusión La versión brasileña del Geriatric Institucional Assessment Profile es válida y confiable y se puede aplicar para evaluar las percepciones, actitudes y conocimientos sobre los disturbios geriátricos más comunes e identificar las barreras enfrentadas por enfermeros en el desarrollo de una atención de calidad.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile instrument in a sample of Brazilian nurses working in hospitals. Methods Methodological and cross-sectional study, carried out with a sample of 301 nurses who worked in the care of patients in five hospitals, located in the states of Piaui and Minas Gerais. Exploratory factor analysis was used with the extraction of factors by the mean components' method. Then, the Varimax rotation was applied. The following correlated constructs were evaluated: geriatric knowledge (Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes scale); one that involves institutional barriers and facilitators of best practices (Geriatric Care Environment scale) and another one that emphasizes the interpersonal relationship and coordinating aspects of professional practice (Professional Issues subscales). Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated that in the Brazilian version of the Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes scale, a total of 30 items had adequate factor loadings (>=0.40) and defined six factors. The total explained variance was 40.5%. In the Geriatric Care Environment scale, 28 items were adequate and defined five factors. The total explained variance was 59.27%. In the Professional Issues subscales, 45 items were adequate and defined six factors. The total explained variance was 57.78%. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile is valid and reliable and can be applied to assess perceptions, attitudes and knowledge about the most common geriatric disorders and identify barriers faced by nurses in the development of quality care.

Association Between Tobacco Smoking, Dental Status and Self-perceived Oral Health in Elderly Adults in Colombia.

Tobacco smoking is responsible for several health problems, including mouth diseases. The aim of the present study was to establish the association between smoking and dental status and self-perceived oral health in a large group of elderly Colombian adults. Analysis of 18,937 survey records of participants aged ≥ 60 years old was conducted. Information regarding age, sex, skin color, socioeconomic level, education, marital status, denture use, partial tooth loss or edentulism, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and tobacco smoking was retrieved from the database. A descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Half of the participants were edentulous in the maxilla while mandibular teeth were more frequently retained in more than 60% of the participants. After adjusting for sex and age, smoking consistently increased the odds of partial or complete edentulism in the maxilla (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and mandible (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08). Nonetheless, the increase in the odds in the mandible was not statistically significant. The habit of smoking was associated with increased tooth loss that in the long-term may result in poor oral health affecting the quality of life of elderly people.

Association of Edentulism with Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases and mental disorders in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, in a probabilistic, multi-stage cluster sampling framework. Data for self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, angina pectoris and asthma), mental disorders (depression and schizophrenia) and edentulism were analyzed. Edentulism data were available for 20 of the 32 States of Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex sampling (Complex nature under which individuals are sampled). RESULTS: In total 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. Mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (range 60 to 98); 56.2% were women. Chronic diseases' prevalence and mental disorders prevalence were as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which pertained to 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over. Angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p < 0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of edentulism. CONCLUSIONS: There was generally sparse association between edentulism on chronic diseases and mental disorders included in the study, except for women aged 60 to 69 years for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression. Although our findings are misaligned with previous reports, longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationships between edentulism with chronic diseases and mental disorders.

Use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures associated with new episodes of acute low back pain-related disability among elderly people: a cross-sectional study on the Back Complaints in the Elders - Brazil cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with low back pain frequently undergo a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, but some of these have uncertain effectiveness. This highlights the importance of the association of healthcare services and therapeutic measures relating to disability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures among Brazilian older adults with disability-related low back pain. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study on baseline assessment data from the Back Complaints in the Elders - Brazil (BACE-B) cohort. METHODS: The main analyses were based on a consecutive sample of 602 older adult participants in BACE-B (60 years of age and over). The main outcome measurement for disability-related low back pain was defined as a score of 14 points or more in the Roland Morris Questionnaire. RESULTS: Visits to doctors in the previous six weeks (odds ratio, OR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-2.71) and use of analgesics in the previous three months (OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.07-2.31) showed statistically significant associations with disability-related low back pain. The probability of disability-related low back pain had an additive effect to the combination of use of healthcare services and therapeutic measures (OR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.52-4.36). The analyses showed that this association was significant among women, but not among men. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of the combined of consultations and medication use was correlated with higher chance of severe disability among these elderly people with nonspecific low back pain. This suggested that overuse and "crowding-in" effects were present in medical services for elderly people.

Asymptomatic COVID-19 in the elderly: dementia and viral clearance as risk factors for disease progression.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals ≥60 years old have the highest hospitalization rates and represent >80% fatalities. Within this population, those in long-term facilities represent >50% of the total COVID-19 related deaths per country. Among those without symptoms, the rate of pre-symptomatic illness is unclear, and potential predictors of progression for symptom development are unknown. Our objective was to delineate the natural evolution of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in elders and identify determinants of progression. METHODS: We established a medical surveillance team monitoring 63 geriatric institutions. When an index COVID-19 case emerged, we tested all other eligible asymptomatic elders ≥75 or >60 years old with at least 1 comorbidity. SARS-CoV-2 infected elders were followed for 28 days. Disease was diagnosed when any COVID-19 manifestation occurred. SARS-CoV-2 load at enrollment, shedding on day 15, and antibody responses were also studied. RESULTS: After 28 days of follow-up, 74/113(65%) SARS-CoV-2-infected elders remained asymptomatic. 21/39(54%) pre-symptomatic patients developed hypoxemia and ten pre-symptomatic patients died(median day 13.5,IQR 12). Dementia was the only clinical risk factor associated with disease(OR 2.41(95%CI=1.08, 5.39). In a multivariable logistic regression model, dementia remained as a risk factor for COVID-19 severe disease. Furthermore, dementia status showed a statistically significant different trend when assessing the cumulative probability of developing COVID-19 symptoms(log-rank p=0.027). On day 15, SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in 30% of the asymptomatic group while in 61% of the pre-symptomatic(p=0.012). No differences were observed among groups in RT-PCR mean cycle threshold at enrollment(p=0.391) and in the rates of antibody seropositivity(IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 2/3 of our cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected elders from vulnerable communities in Argentina remained asymptomatic after 28 days of follow-up with high mortality among those developing symptoms. Dementia and persistent SARS-CoV-2 shedding were associated with progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic infection.

Factors associated with utilisation of dental services by the elders from São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Population ageing in Brazil is rapid and is likely to place additional pressure over the Brazilian public health system. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the factors associated with utilisation of dental services in the previous year among a representative sample of older adults from São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The sample included 5951 older adults who participated in the SBSP-15 study, an epidemiological survey conducted in 2015 in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The outcome "utilisation of dental services" was defined as having visited a dentist in the previous year. Chi-square tests were employed in the bivariate analyses and Poisson regressions with robust variance in the multilevel analysis. RESULTS: Only 30.5% of the participants had their last dental appointment within the previous year. Number of teeth and dental pain presented the strongest effects on the investigated outcome. Education, income, age, ethnicity, living alone, higher Family Health Strategy coverage and the Metropolitan area were associated with having visited a dentist in the previous year. Older adults who rated their oral health as positive did not report treatment need nor prosthodontic need, presented negative oral health-related quality of life, had their last dental appointment in the public health system and sought treatment due to pain or extraction also were more likely to report the utilisation of dental services in the previous year. CONCLUSION: Regional, sociodemographic and subjective factors are associated with utilisation of dental services in the previous year among the elders from the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

A importância de narrar a memória do velho oprimido no capitalismo / La importancia de narrar la memoria del viejo oprimido en el capitalismo / The importance of narrating the memory of the opressed elder in capitalism

Resumo Este estudo objetivou compreender a importância de narrar e transmitir experiência a partir da memória do velho e do lugar de pária que lhe é destinado no modo de produção do capitalismo. Parte de estudos realizados pela psicóloga social Ecléa Bosi e por Benjamin. São discutidos dois elementos presentes nas experiências relatadas pela autora e que estão presentes no conceito de história já elaborado por Benjamin: a importância da rememoração e da redenção messiânica. A relevância de narrar as experiências diz respeito ao que se apresenta predominantemente nas memórias colhidas: a transmissão das possibilidades não realizadas. Analisa-se como a forma de trabalho flexível do capitalismo violenta a possibilidade de construção da memória de si na sua vinculação com a memória do outro ao impor aos sujeitos o desenraizamento e seu efeito desagregador da memória. Por fim, discute-se a urgente necessidade de transformação das condições que geram opressão dos velhos trabalhadores.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la importancia de narrar y transmitir experiencia a partir de la memoria del viejo y del lugar de paria que le es destinado en el modo de producción del capitalismo. Parte de los estudios realizados por la psicóloga social Ecléa Bosi y Walter Benjamin. Se discuten dos elementos presentes en las experiencias relatadas por la autora y que están presentes en el concepto de historia ya elaborado por Benjamin: la importancia de la evocación y de la redención mesiánica. La relevancia de narrar las experiencias se refiere a lo que se presenta predominantemente en las memorias cosechadas: la transmisión de las posibilidades no realizadas. Se analiza cómo la forma de trabajo flexible del capitalismo violenta la posibilidad de construcción de la memoria de sí en su vinculación con la memoria del otro al imponer a los sujetos el desarraigo y su efecto disgregador de la memoria. Por último, se discute la urgente necesidad de transformación de las condiciones que generan opresión de los viejos trabajadores.

Abstract This study aimed to understand the importance of narrating and transmitting experience from the memory of the elder and the place of pariah destined to them in capitalism's mode of production. It has as reference studies carried out by the social psychologist Ecléa Bosi and by Walter Benjamin. Two elements present in the experiences reported by Bosi - which are present in the concept of history already elaborated by Benjamin -, are discussed: the importance of the remembrance and the messianic redemption. The relevance of narrating experiences relates to what is predominantly presented in the collected memories: the transmission of unrealized possibilities. It is analyzed how capitalism's flexible working form violates the possibility of constructing the memory of oneself in its connection with the memory of the other by imposing on people the uprooting and its disintegrating effect of memory. Finally, it discusses the urgent need to transform the conditions that generate oppression of the old workers.

Vejez y ser persona vieja: una aproximación al estado del arte de la cuestión / Old Age and Being an Elderly Person: An Approach to the State of the art of the Question

Resumen A continuación se presenta una aproximación al estado actual de investigaciones relacionadas con la vejez y ser persona vieja. Para lograrlo se revisó sistemáticamente un amplio conjunto de referencias para dar cuenta de los aspectos más destacados, a saber, propósito general, referentes conceptuales, tipos de diseño, tipos de estudio, sujetos participantes, técnicas de recolección de la información, resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones. Posteriormente, se analizó en Colombia, durante los años 2008-2018, la formación universitaria existente, es decir, trabajos de grado de pregrado, especialización, maestría y doctorado y la producción escrita en libros. Además de los eventos académicos realizados durante los años 2014 - 2018 que permitan dar cuenta del estado actual de los estudios sobre la vejez y ser persona vieja desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria.

Abstract The following article presents an approach to the current state of research related to old age and being an elderly person. To this end, a broad set of references were systematically reviewed to account for the most outstanding aspects, namely: the general purpose of the study, conceptual references, types of design, types of study, participating subjects, techniques for collecting information, results, conclusions, and recommendations. Subsequently, the existing university education in Colombia for the years 2008-2018 was analyzed: that is, Undergraduate, Specialization, Masters and Doctorate degree programs, as well as and the written production in books. Additionally, the analysis covered the academic events held during the years 2014-2018, which allow to account for the current status of studies on old age and being an elderly person from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Efectos de la estimulación de las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores / Effects of the stimulation of cognitive functions in the elderly

RESUMEN Introducción: el envejecimiento trae como consecuencia el deterioro de las funciones cognitivas, por lo que resulta necesario diseñar alternativas terapéuticas para prevenir este proceso. Objetivo: determinar el efecto que tiene la estimulación de las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con un diseño pre-experimental. El universo consistió en 44 adultos mayor, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 pacientes a los que se le realizó el estímulo cognoscitivo. La intervención tuvo un total de 20 sesiones, con una frecuencia de dos veces por semana. Las técnicas de evaluación empleadas fueron el análisis de documentos, la entrevista psicológica semiestructurada, la observación participativa, la Batería de Exploración Neuropsicológica (NEUROPSI), la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, el test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon y la distribución de frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje relativo. Resultados: se obtuvo cambios significativos en las tareas de dígitos en regresión, memoria, comprensión, fluidez verbal semántica y fonológica, lectura, semejanzas, cálculo, cambios en las posiciones de las manos (mano derecha), movimientos alternos y reacciones opuestas. Conclusiones: la estimulación cognitiva demostró un efecto medianamente positivo en las funciones de los adultos mayores de la Casa de Abuelos #1 en Santa Clara.

ABSTRACT Introduction: aging results in the decline of cognitive functions, consequently it is necessary to design therapeutic alternatives to prevent this process. Objective: to determine the effects of the stimulation of cognitive functions in the elderly. Methods: a study with a pre-experimental design was conducted. The target group included 44 of the oldest adults, the sample comprised 18 of them, and it was chosen from whom received the cognitive stimulus. The intervention had 20 sessions with a frequency of two times per week. The assessment techniques applied were documentary analysis, along with the Battery of Neuropsychological Exploration (NEUROPSI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Wilcoxon non-parametric test, as well as the distribution by absolute frequency and relative percentage. Results: significant changes were observed in the tasks of counting numbers in regression, memory, comprehension, semantic and phonological oral fluency, reading, similarities, calculation, changes in the position of hands (right hand), alternative movements and opposite reactions Conclusions: cognitive stimulation showed an average positive effect on the functions of the elderly.