A dietary pattern high in full-fat dairy and sweetened beverages is associated with glycated hemoglobin and weight in Mexican patients with type-2 diabetes / Un patrón dietético con alto contenido de lácteos enteros y bebidas azucaradas se asocia con la hemoglobina glicosilada y el peso en pacientes mexicanos con diabetes de tipo 2

Objective the aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns in a sample of patients with type-2 diabetes, and to evaluate their association with markers of metabolic control. Methods: a cross-sectional study in 395 patients with type-2 diabetes in primary care was conducted. Fasting blood levels of glycated hemoglobin (A1c), glucose, total cholesterol, low- (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides were measured. Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived by cluster analysis. Three dietary patterns were identified: ‘fruits and vegetables', ‘dairy and sweetened beverages', and ‘diverse with alcohol'. Results: an association between the ‘dairy and sweetened beverages' dietary pattern and A1c levels was identified (ß = 0.61; 95 % CI; 0.09, 1.12, p = 0.021), considering the ‘fruits and vegetables' dietary pattern as the reference group. We also observed a trend towards an adjusted increased risk of A1c ≥ 7 % (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56; 95 % CI: 0.92, 2.64; p = 0.099) and an increased risk of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 2.62, 95 % CI: 1.20, 5.71, p = 0.015) among patients in the ‘dairy and sweetened beverages' dietary pattern as compared to the reference group. Conclusions a dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of full-fat dairy and sweetened beverages was associated with higher A1c levels and increased risk of high glucose and BMI when compared to a dietary pattern with a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (AU)

Objetivo:el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los patrones dietéticos de una muestra de pacientes con diabetes de tipo 2 y evaluar su asociación con los marcadores de control metabólico. étodos: se realizó un estudio transversal de 395 pacientes con diabetes de tipo 2 en atención primaria. Se estimaron los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (A1c), glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja (LDL-c) y alta densidad (HDL-c), y triglicéridos en ayunas. Se evaluaron el perímetro de la cintura, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la presión arterial. La ingesta dietética se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y los patrones dietéticos se obtuvieron mediante un análisis de conglomerados. Se identificaron tres patrones dietéticos: “frutas y verduras”, “lácteos y bebidas azucaradas” y “diversos con alcohol”. Resultados: se identificó una asociación entre el patrón dietético de “productos lácteos y bebidas azucaradas” y los niveles de A1c (ß = 0,61; IC del 95 %: 0,09, 1,12, p = 0,021), considerando el patrón dietético de “frutas y verduras” como grupo de referencia. También se observó una tendencia a un mayor riesgo ajustado de A1c ≥ 7 % (odds ratio [OR]: 1,56; IC del 95 %: 0,92, 2,64; p = 0,099) y un mayor riesgo de IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 2,62; IC del 95 %: 1,20, 5,71, p = 0,015) entre los pacientes del patrón “lácteos y bebidas azucaradas” en comparación con el grupo de referencia. Conclusiones: el patrón dietético caracterizado por un alto consumo de lácteos y bebidas azucaradas se asoció con niveles más altos de A1c y un mayor riesgo de elevación de la glucosa y el IMC, en comparación con un patrón dietético con mayor consumo de frutas y verduras (AU)

Faecal proteome in clinically healthy dogs and cats: Findings in pooled faeces from 10 cats and 10 dogs.

BACKGROUND: In the scientific literature, there are only a few manuscripts available on small animal faecal proteomics. METHODS: In the present pilot study, this evaluation was performed using pooled faecal samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and, for the first time, in 10 clinically healthy cats by mean of two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Our results showed the presence of nine (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, chymotrypsin-C-like, cytosol aminopeptidase, elastase-3B/proteinase E, immunoglobulins and nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210) and 14 (albumin, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein, chymotrypsin-like, deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 protein-like, hypothetical protein LOC107375, immunoglobulin, kallikrein-1, superoxide dismutase, transthyretin precursor, interstitial collagenase-like) different proteins in canine and feline faeces, respectively. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings document the presence of a range of proteins in the faeces of apparently healthy dogs and cats and may serve as a basis for larger, prospective studies to establish reference proteomic data against which diseased populations can be compared.

Association between glycemic control and dietary patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Mexican institute.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glycemic control (hemoglobin (Hb) A1c <7%) and the dietary patterns identified in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This was a secondary analysis conducted with 4838 patients with T2DM in Mexico. Biochemical blood profiles, socioeconomic level, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were obtained. Dietary data from a food frequency questionnaire were used to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain dietary patterns, and multivariate analysis was fitted to assess the relationship between glycemic control and consumption of dietary patterns. RESULTS: Three dietary patterns were identified. After control for potential cofounders (age, sex, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pharmacologic treatment, intensity of physical activity, socioeconomic level, and kcal/kg ideal weight), we found that consuming a Western-style diet (odds ratio [OR], 1.533, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.253-1.875; P < 0.000), and the sweets and dairy diet (fats and sugars; OR, 1.444; 95% CI, 1.133-1.841; P = 0.003) patterns were associated with HbA1c ≥7%, whereas consuming a healthy dietary patter (OR, 0.800; 95% CI, 0.642-0.998; P = 0.048) was associated with HbA1c <7%. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming a healthy diet was associated with glycemic control; whereas the Western-style or sweets and dairy patterns promoted a lack of metabolic control. These results support the promotion of a healthy pattern in the Mexican population with T2DM.

Dietary patterns among French-speaking men residing in Montreal, Canada.

The purpose of this study was to describe dietary patterns among 1636 French-speaking men residing in Montreal, Canada and to assess sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of men adhering to the dietary patterns identified. Participants were population controls from the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study, a case-control study conducted between 2006 and 2011 in Montreal. Information on diet was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis, a data-driven method and a posteriori method, was used to identify dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns were identified; Healthy, Modified Western - Salty and Modified Western - Sweet patterns accounted for 7.0%, 5.4%, and 3.2% of the variance, respectively. The Healthy pattern was characterized by consumption of fruits, vegetables, vegetable soup, chicken, fish and seafood, cheese, rice, yogurt, and wine. The Modified Western - Salty pattern included high loadings for beef, pork, chicken, hot-dogs or sausages, cold cuts, bacon, barbecue cooking, meat slightly blackened, potatoes, pasta with tomato sauce, pizza, pastries, dark carbonated soft drinks, ice cream, and white bread. The third pattern, labelled as Modified Western - Sweet, had high loadings of cookies, muffins, cakes, pastries, pies, ice cream, fruits and vegetables. In multivariate analyses, the Healthy pattern was positively associated with higher income and education, moderate recreational physical activity and less heavy smoking, and inversely associated with French ancestry. The Modified Western - Salty pattern was positively associated with French, other European, and Latino ancestries, and with married and common-law relationships. Finally, the Modified Western - Sweet pattern was more common among men of French ancestry and users of vitamin/mineral supplements. The Healthy pattern has been frequently observed in other Western populations, but the other two are described for the first time in a study population of men.