Análisis psicométrico de la escala de evaluación de la percepción del teletrabajo femenino durante situaciones de confinamiento familiar: el caso del COVID-19 / Psychometric analysis of the female teleworking perception scale during situations of family confinement: the case of COVID-19 / Análise psicométrico e validade da escala de percepção do teletrabalho feminino em situações de confinamento familiar: o caso da COVID-19

El estudio examina las características psicométricas de una escala que mide la percepción sobre el teletrabajo femenino en la población chilena en situación de confinamiento familiar, construida durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El cuestionario explora la interacción entre los ámbitos del trabajo y la familia, centrándose específicamente en la salud mental, las actitudes hacia el teletrabajo femenino, las dinámicas familiares relacionadas con el teletrabajo femenino y las dinámicas laborales en el contexto del teletrabajo femenino durante la pandemia. Los resultados indican una fuerte coherencia interna tanto para la escala global como para sus cuatro dimensiones diferenciadas: Salud Mental, ámbito laboral, teletrabajo femenino y ámbito familiar. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) revela índices de ajuste favorables gl = 17; p<0.183; x 2 /gl = 22.211; CFI = 0.995; NNFI = 0.983; RMSEA = 0.052 para los 12 ítems en las cuatro dimensiones, alineándose bien con la estructura teórica respaldando los fundamentos del constructo balance trabajo/familia.

The study examines the psychometric characteristics of a scale that measures the perception of female teleworking in the Chilean population in a situation of family confinement, built during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire explores the interaction between the spheres of work and family, specifically focusing on mental health, attitudes towards female teleworking, family dynamics related to female teleworking, and work dynamics in the context of female teleworking during the pandemic. The results indicate strong internal coherence both for the global scale and for its four differentiated dimensions: Mental Health, work environment, female teleworking and family environment. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reveals favorable adjustment indices df = 17; p<0.183; χ 2 /df = 22.211; CFI = 0.995; NNFI = 0.983; RMSEA = 0.052 for the 12 items in the four dimensions, aligning well with the theoretical structure supporting the foundations of the work/family balance construct.

O estudo examina as características psicométricas de uma escala que mede as percepções do teletrabalho feminino na população chilena em confinamento familiar, construída durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O questionário explora a interação entre os domínios do trabalho e da família, concentrando-se especificamente na saúde mental, nas atitudes em relação ao teletrabalho feminino, na dinâmica familiar relacionada ao teletrabalho feminino e na dinâmica do trabalho no contexto do teletrabalho feminino durante a pandemia. Os resultados indicam uma forte consistência interna tanto para a escala geral quanto para suas quatro dimensões distintas: saúde mental, ambiente de trabalho, teletrabalho feminino e ambiente familiar. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) revela índices de ajuste favoráveis gl = 17; p<0,183; χ 2 /gl = 22,211; CFI = 0,995; NNFI = 0,983; RMSEA = 0,052 para os 12 itens nas quatro dimensões, alinhando-se bem com a estrutura teórica que sustenta os fundamentos do conceito de equilíbrio entre trabalho e família.

Otherness measuring scale: design and validation for social sciences.

This paper is the result of a scale validation process, applicable to social science research, which allows the constructs of otherness and coexistence and their relationship to be trasnformed into measurable, systematized variables. In turn, this scale is the product of a research project whose main objectives were (i) to demonstrate the relationship between coexistence as an independent variable and otherness as a dependent variable, and (ii) to create and statistically validate a scale to measure both variables, so to use it in applied research. The sample consisted of 600 participants. Three instruments were used: two semantic differentials and a 33-item questionnaire. The application was carried out virtually due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The method includes a mixed type of work, i.e., qualitative, and quantitative procedures. The results showed two factors, the other as strange or foreign and the other as equal. The final scale consisted of 10 items, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 and variance explaining 58% of the otherness.

Psychometric properties of the Providers Survey in the Brazilian context of mental health: a validation study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Precisely determining the aspects related to an instrument's validity and reliability measures allows for greater assurance of the quality of the results. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the psychometric properties of The Providers Survey in the Brazilian context of mental health services. DESIGN AND SETTING: The instrument validation study was conducted in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The validation study was conducted using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist to analyze its validity and reliability. RESULTS: A committee of expert judges performed content validation after which the Content Validity Index was calculated. Construct validation took place through Exploratory Factor Analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test criterion and Bartlett's Sphericity Test. Reliability was verified using test-retest reliability. The significance level adopted for the statistical tests was 5% (P < 0.05). The final instrument comprised 54 questions. The Content Validity Index was 97%. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.901 and Bartlett's Sphericity Test with P < 0.001. We obtained a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.849. CONCLUSIONS: The Providers Survey, translated and adapted into Portuguese, was named the Work Assessment Instrument for the Recovery of Mental Health. It presented adequate psychometric properties for evaluating work-related practices for the recovery of psychosocial care network users.

Work Engagement Scale: Construct Validity and Reliability in the Colombian Organizational Context.

This manuscript shows the results of the evidence of content and internal structure obtained from an instrument to measure work engagement. This instrument is aimed at workers of Colombian labor organizations that belong to different economic sectors (commerce, services, education, and health). The instrument was designed based on the postulates of cognitive theory and is structured into three factors that operationalize the construct: (a) behavioral dimension (15 items), (b) affective dimension (16 items), and (c) cognitive dimension (14 items), for a total of 45 items. The results of the content evidence through expert judgment suggested the elimination of three items, due to ambiguity and lack of clarity, leaving the 42item test. After this evidence, the instrument was piloted in a sample of 460 participants. The item-test correlation analysis recommended the elimination of one item due to its low correlation with the factor. The evidence of internal structure through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) proposed a three-factor structure, with an explained variance of 63%; 9 items were eliminated due to high residual. The fit indicators showed a GFI = .99; and those of residual showed a RMSR =.03 and Kelley = .04; each factor obtained an ordinal Cronbach's Alpha of .95 (behavioral), .97 (affective), and .87 (cognitive). These results indicate precision in the measurement and consistency of the items to measure each of the factors.

El presente manuscrito muestra los resultados de la evidencia de contenido y estructura interna obtenidas de un instrumento para medir work engagement. Este instrumento está dirigido a trabajadores de organizaciones laborales colombianas que pertenecen a diferentes sectores económicos (comercio, servicios, educación y salud). El instrumento se diseñó basado en los postulados de la teoría cognitiva y se estructura en tres factores que operacionalizan el constructo: (a) dimensión conductual (15 ítems), (b) dimensión afectiva (16 ítems), y (c) dimensión cognitiva (14 ítems), para un total de 45 ítems.Los resultados de la evidencia de contenido a través del juicio de expertos sugirieron la eliminación de tres ítems, por presentar ambigüedad y poca claridad, quedando la prueba de 42 ítems. Posterior a esta evidencia, se piloteó el instrumento en una muestra de 460 participantes. El análisis de correlación ítem-test recomendó la eliminación de un ítem por presentar baja correlación con el factor. La evidencia de estructura interna a través del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) propuso una estructura trifactorial, con una varianza explicada del 63%; se eliminaron 9 ítems por presentar alto residual. Los indicadores de ajuste mostraron un GFI = .99; y los de residual un RMSR = .03 y Kelley = .04; cada factor obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach ordinal de .95 (conductual), .97 (emocional) y .87 (cognitivo). Estos resultados indican precisión en la medida y consistencia de los ítems para medir cada uno de los factores.

Validación de instrumentos para estudio de referenciación en enfermería oftalmológica / Validation of Instruments for the Study of Benchmarking in Ophthalmology Nursing

Introducción: El estudio de procesos que inciden en la calidad de enfermería en oftalmología con la utilización de la referenciación competitiva requiere la validación de instrumentos para el alcance de los resultados esperados. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción y validación de instrumentos para el estudio de procesos relacionados con la calidad de enfermería en oftalmología. Métodos: Estudio instrumental realizado en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el período de enero-julio 2020, que contó con dos fases, la construcción de los instrumentos y la validación de comprensión o de apariencia y de contenido. Para el diseño se tuvieron en cuenta las tareas que cada proceso estudiado incluye en su ficha y para la validación de comprensión y de contenido se utilizó la consulta a profesionales y expertos, así como el método Barraza que integra la valoración cuantitativa de los ítems que integran los instrumentos. Resultados: En la validación de comprensión o apariencia más del 94 % de los ítems no sufrieron cambios desde su primera ronda de consulta, en tanto solo cuatro ítems requirieron modificaciones en la forma de enfocar las preguntas propuestas. Los instrumentos recibieron en la valoración de los expertos una evaluación mayor a 2,6, lo que les confiere una fuerte validez de contenido. Conclusión: La validación realizada permitió constatar la pertinencia de los instrumentos diseñados para el estudio en la referencia de buenas prácticas, en la Clínica Central "Cira García", de los procesos de hospitalización, atención a urgencias y esterilización(AU)

Introduction: The use of competitive benchmarking for the study of processes that influence on ophthalmology nursing quality requires the validation of instruments for the achievement of the expected results. Objective: To describe the construction and validation of instruments for the study of processes related to nursing quality in ophthalmology. Methods: A instrumental study was carried out at Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" in the period January-July 2020. It had two phases: the construction of the instruments, and the validation of comprehension or appearance and content. For the design, the tasks that each studied process includes in their respective files were taken into account, while the validation of comprehension and content was performed by means of consultation with professionals and experts, as well as the Barraza method, which integrates the quantitative evaluation of the items making up the instruments. Results: In the validation of comprehension or appearance, more than 94% of the items did not have any changes since the first consultation round, while only four items required modifications in the way of approaching the proposed questions; the instruments received an evaluation of more than 2.6 according to the experts' assessment, which provides them with strong content validity. Conclusion: The performed validation allowed to confirm the relevance of the instruments designed for the study in reference to good practices, as well as the hospitalization, emergency care and sterilization processes, at Clínica Central "Cira García"(AU)

Sample size in quantitative instrument validation studies: A systematic review of articles published in Scopus, 2021.

Background: Due to the range of conflicting criteria regarding minimum sample size needed for a scale/questionnaire validation study, the objective of this review is to analyze sample sizes used in published journal articles to contribute a pragmatic perspective to the discussion on sample sizes. Methods: A sample of 1999 articles published in a Scopus-indexed journal about the validation of a scale or questionnaire during 2021 were analyzed for this study. Abstracts from these articles were tabulated by two data entry professionals and any discrepancies were reviewed by the author. The sample size data was grouped by highest quartile of the journal publishing the article and further sub-categorized based on the inclusion of medical patients or students in each study's population. Results: From the total sample, 1750 articles provided sufficient information in their summary to determine the sample size used. Of these, the majority were published in quartile 1 (784) and quartile 2 (620) journals. Mean values by quartile ranged from 389 (quartile 3) to 2032 (quartile 1), but extreme outliers limited the usefulness of the simple mean. Thus, outlier-removed means were calculated, and in most cases, these sample size values were higher for studies involving students and lower for studies involving patients. Discussion: This study is limited by its focus on a single database and by including all phases of validation from initial quantitative instrument design studies (which tend to have the lowest sample sizes) up to international macro-studies (which can have hundreds of thousands of participants.) Nevertheless, the results of this study provide an additional practical perspective for the academic discussion regarding minimum sample size based on accepted practice.

Construcción y validación de una Escala de Resiliencia Comunitaria Frente a Amenazas Naturales

Antecedentes: Los efectos ocasionados por los fenómenos de origen natural han ido en aumento, agravando la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones expuestas. Resulta necesario medir la capacidad de resiliencia de la comunidad para hacer frente a este tipo de situaciones adversas. El objetivo del estudio fue la construcción y validación de una escala de autoinforme de resiliencia comunitaria. Método: Los ítems se basaron en la propuesta de Twigg (2007) y Suárez-Ojeda (2001). Para la validación del instrumento se empleó la V de Aiken y el análisis semi-confirmatorio (McDonald, 2005). Se contó con una muestra de 290 participantes con un rango de edad de 18 a 78 años, de los municipios de Jojutla y Yautepec del Estado de Morelos (México). Resultados: Se obtuvo una escala final unidimensional conformada por 16 ítems, consistencia interna Ω = .924. Conclusiones: Esta escala puede ser de utilidad para quienes trabajan en la gestión integral de riesgos de desastres.

Antecedentes: Os efeitos causados por fenômenos naturais vêm aumentando, agravando a vulnerabilidade das populações expostas. É necessário mensurar a capacidade de resiliência da comunidade para lidar com esse tipo de situação adversa. O objetivo do estudo foi a construção e a validação de uma escala de autorrelato de resiliência comunitária. Método: Os itens foram baseados na proposta de Twigg (2007) e Suárez-Ojeda (2001). Para validação do instrumento, utilizou-se o V do AIKEN e a análise semiconfirmatória (McDonald, 2005). A amostra foi de 290 participantes, com faixa etária de 18 a 78 anos, dos municípios de Jojutla e Yautepec do Estado de Morelos (México). Resultados: Obteve-se uma escala final unidimensional composta por 16 itens, consistência interna Ω = 0,924. Conclusões: Esta escala pode ser útil para quem trabalha na gestão integral do risco de desastres.

Background: The effects caused by natural phenomena have been increasing, aggravating the vulnerability of exposed populations. It is necessary to measure the resilience capacity of the community to face this type of adverse situations. The objective of the study was the construction and validation of a self-report scale of community resilience. Method: The items were based on the proposal of Twigg (2007) and Suárez-Ojeda (2001). The AIKEN V and semi-confirmatory analysis (McDonald, 2005) were used to validate the instrument. There was a sample of 290 participants with an age range of 18 to 78 years, from the municipalities of Jojutla and Yautepec in the State of Morelos (Mexico). Results: A final unidimensional scale made up of 16 items was obtained, internal consistency Ω = .924. Conclusions: This scale can be useful for those working in integrated disaster risk management.

Validity evidence studies of the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale in Brazil

Self-efficacy for emotion regulation is understood as the perceived capability to regulate the negative affect and to express the positive ones. This study aimed at the validity evidence for the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale in the Brazilian context through two studies. In the first one, participants were 41 students from middle school (M = 13.49; SD = 1.52), being 58.5 % male. Results indicated a few adjustments in some items. The second study had 932 participants from two cities: one from Southeast Brazil and one from the North. The students were from middle and high schools being 50.3 % (n = 469) female. Their ages ranged from 13 to 23 years old (M = 16.50; SD = 1.52). After analysis through structural equation modeling, results indicated that the dimensions of the scale have a good fit according to the theoretical model with good accuracy indexes, thus confirming the validity evidence for this instrument, being reliable to be used in Brazil.

A autoeficácia para a regulação emocional é compreendida como a capacidade percebida de regular os afetos negativos e expressar os afetos positivos. Este estudo objetivou buscar evidência de validade para a Escala de Autoeficácia para Regulação Emocional para o contexto brasileiro por meio de dois estudos. Participaram do primeiro, 41 estudantes do ensino fundamental (M = 13,49; DP = 1,52), dos quais 58,5 % do sexo masculino. Os resultados indicaram pequenos ajustes em alguns itens. O estudo 2 contou com 932 participantes, de duas cidades, uma do Sudeste e outra do Norte, das quais 50,3 % (n = 469) do sexo feminino, dos ensinos médio e fundamental. A idade variou de 13 a 23 anos (M = 16,50; DP = 1,52). Após a análise pelo modelo de equações estruturais, os resultados indicaram que as dimensões da escala se ajustam adequadamente conforme o modelo teórico, com bons índices de precisão, revelando que foram confirmadas evidências de validade para a escala.

La autoeficacia para la regulación emocional se entiende como la capacidad percibida de regular los afectos negativos y expresar los afectos positivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencia de validez para la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Regulación Emocional para el contexto brasileño a través de dos estudios. 41 estudiantes de primaria participaron en el primer estudio (M = 13.49; DE = 1.52), 58.5 % de los cuales eran hombres. Los resultados indicaron la necesidad de pequeños ajustes en algunos ítems. El estudio 2 contó con 932 participantes, de dos ciudades, una en el sureste y la otra en el norte de Brasil, de los cuales el 50.3 % (n = 469) eran mujeres, de secundaria y primaria. La edad varió de 13 a 23 años (M = 16.50; DE = 1.52). Después del análisis por el modelo de ecuación estructural, los resultados indicaron que las dimensiones de la escala se ajustan correctamente de acuerdo con el modelo teórico, con buenos índices de precisión, revelando que se confirmó la evidencia de validez de la escala.

Protocolo con recomendaciones para aplicar el WHOQOL-BREF en población con cáncer de mama / Protocol and recommendations for applying the WHOQOL-BREF in population with breast cancer

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la validez de contenido de un protocolo con recomendaciones para la aplicación del instrumento WHOQOL-BREF, en la evaluación de la calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, tipo validación de instrumentos. El proceso se desarrolló en 3 fases, incluyendo validación de contenido con la participación de expertos en las áreas de oncología, psicología, trabajo social, y enfermería; valorando la claridad, coherencia, pertinencia, y suficiencia del protocolo. Se determinó el grado de acuerdo entre los evaluadores con el índice RwG. Resultados: El protocolo obtuvo puntajes promedios superiores a 9,0 en todos los ítems, la mayoría con índices RwG mayor a 0,5. Por su parte, los evaluadores adicionaron recomendaciones claves como acompañamiento permanente durante la aplicación de la encuesta e incluir pausas activas, por la extensión del instrumento. Conclusiones: Se presenta un protocolo para mejorar la aplicación del instrumento WHOQOL-BREF en población con cáncer de mama.

Abstract Objective: To determine content validity of a protocol with the recommendations for the application of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument to assess the quality of life of women with breast cancer. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, observational, and type validation of instruments study. The process was developed in 3 phases, including content validation with the participation of experts in the oncology, psychology, social work, and nursing fields that assessed the clarity, coherence, relevance, and sufficiency of the protocol. The degree of agreement between the evaluators was determined using the rWG index. Results: The protocol obtained mean scores higher than 9.0 in all items, the majority with rWG indices greater than 0.5. The evaluators added key recommendations such as permanent accompany during the application of the survey and active pauses inclusion due to the instrument extension. Conclusions: A protocol is presented to improve the application of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in populations that suffer from breast cancer.

Creation and Validation of a Tool for Evaluating Caregiver Burnout Syndrome in Owners of Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Diagnosed with Behavior Disorders.

Currently, domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most common species among companion animals. The close bond that can grow between owners and their dogs could be worn out and finally broken due to various causes. One main cause is canine behavioral problems, leading to dogs being abandoned or euthanized due to the costs faced by the owner when caring for the animal. Tools have been developed to evaluate the mental and emotional cost of caring for humans, but there is currently no validated tool for evaluating this particular problem. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to evaluate caregiver burnout syndrome for owners of dogs with behavioral disorders. The methodology used consisted of drafting the tool, peer validation using the Delphi methodology and internal validation via Cronbach's alpha. Non-linear snowball sampling was used (n = 156 participants). A questionnaire with 35 questions was obtained which referred to various aspects of caregivers' lives. Regarding the description of the sample used, 50% had Low Burnout, 41% had Medium-Low Burnout and 9% had Medium-High Burnout. Furthermore, regarding the internal validation of the questionnaire, the general Cronbach's alpha coefficient was α = 0.9468. We can thus conclude that the questionnaire is valid for measuring caregiver burnout syndrome in owners of dogs with behavioral disorders.

Validez de constructo y fiabilidad de una escala de autopercepción de habilidades en investigación científica y estrategias de aprendizaje autónomo / Construction validity and reliability of a self-perceptionscale of skills in scientific research and self-learning strategies

OBJETIVO. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la validez de constructo y de fiabilidad de una escala para medir autopercepción de habilidades en investigación científica y estrategias de aprendizaje autónomo de estudiantes de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz 2021. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, psicométrico, de validación de instrumento documental, en 260 estudiantes universitarios, el tipo de muestreo fue probabilística de forma aleatoria. Se construyó la matriz de correlación y se realizó el análisis de variabilidad de los ítems, para la validez interna del instrumento fue mediante el análisis de fiabilidad, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio con el programa estadístico SPSS v18 y Excel 2016. RESULTADOS. Se validó un instrumento que mide autopercepción de habilidades en investigación científica y estrategias de aprendizaje autónomo. Consta de 52 ítems y 4 dominios o dimensiones, tiene 13 ítems asignados para cada dominio. La fiabilidad del instrumento ítem ­ total fue de 96% (Alfa de Cronbach = 0.96), la fiabilidad dominio total fue 92% (Alfa de Cronbach = 0.92). La fiabilidad dominio total fue también aceptable 87% (Alfa de Cronbach = 0.872). CONCLUSIONES. Por los resultados obtenidos está disponible un instrumento que cuenta con una adecuada validez de constructo y fiabilidad que justifica su uso y aplicación en el ámbito investigativo.

OBJECTIVE. To determine the construct validity and reliability of a scale to measure self-perception of skills in scientific research and autonomous learning strategies of students of the Nutrition and Dietetics Career at the Mayor de San Andrés University, La Paz 2021. MATERIAL AND METHOD. A quantitative, psychometric, documentary instrument validation study was carried out in 260 university students, the type of sampling was random probabilistic. The correlation matrix was built and the variability analysis of the items was carried out, for the internal validity of the instrument it was through the reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with the statistical program SPSS v18 and Excel 2016. RESULTS. An instrument that measures self-perception of skills in scientific research and autonomous learning strategies was validated. It consists of 52 items and 4 domains or dimensions; it has 13 items assigned for each domain. The reliability of the item-total instrument was 96% (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.96), the total domain reliability was 92% (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.92). Total domain reliability was also acceptable 87% (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.872). CONCLUSIONS. Due to the results obtained, an instrument is available that has adequate construct validity and reliability that justifies its use and application in the research field.

Diseño y validación de una rúbrica para evaluar las habilidades socioemocionales en estudiantes de enfermería / Design and validation of an instrument to assess the social and emotional skills of nursing students / Desenho e validação de uma rubrica para avaliar habilidades socioemocionais em estudantes de enfermagem

RESUMEN Introducción Las habilidades socioemocionales (HSE) hacen referencia a las actuaciones integrales representadas mediante la conducta para un adecuado manejo de emociones, realización personal y desarrollo social. Existen diversos instrumentos de evaluación para medir las HSE en universitarios, pero son inexistentes los dirigidos a estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo Diseñar y determinar la validez de contenido de un instrumento para evaluar HSE en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología Se realizó un estudio instrumental que incluyó las fases de revisión de instrumentos para evaluar las HSE; construcción del instrumento; revisión y mejora del instrumento por expertos; validación de contenido mediante el juicio de 16 expertos empleando un índice de relevancia (V de Aiken); pilotaje del instrumento con 50 estudiantes para el análisis de confiabilidad (Alpha de Cronbach) y comprensión del instrumento. Resultados El instrumento integró 12 indicadores (tolerancia, trabajo colaborativo, adaptación al entorno, comunicación eficaz, empatía, toma de decisiones, creatividad, relaciones interpersonales, asertividad, autoeficacia, resiliencia, y manejo del estrés). El juicio de expertos reveló la validez de contenido (V de Aiken > 0.90). Se obtuvo un valor aceptable de confiabilidad (α= 0.786) y una adecuada opinión sobre la comprensión del instrumento en el pilotaje. Discusión y Conclusión La evaluación de HSE en estudiantes de enfermería es fundamental tanto para mejorar y mantener su salud mental como para favorecer el desarrollo profesional, personal y social. La rúbrica es un instrumento confiable, primero en su tipo y con validez de contenido. Para que obtenga una calidad óptima se requiere continuar con el análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas.

ABSTRACT Introduction Social-emotional Skills (SES) refer to integral behaviors representing ade- quate management of emotions while achieving personal and social development. There are diverse instruments to assess SES on university students in general, but not on nursing students in particular. Objective To design an instrument to assess SES among nursing students and test its content validity. Methodology An instrumental study was carried out that included the revision phases of instruments to evaluate the SES: construction of the instrument; review and improvement of the instrument by experts; content validation by 16 experts using Aiken's V relevance index; and pilot test of the instrument on 50 students and assess its reliability (Cronbach´s Alpha) and ease of comprehension. Results The instrument integrated 12 indicators (tolerance, collaborative work, adaptation to the environment, efficacious communication, empathy, decision making, creativity, interpersonal relationships, assertiveness, self-efficacy, resilience, and stress management). Expert judgment revealed a content validity of Aiken's V > 0.90. An acceptable value of reliability (α= 0.786) and favorable opinion was obtained regarding the ease of comprehension of the instrument. Discussion and Conclusion The assessment of SES on nursing students is fundamental to improve and preserve their mental health, and foster their professional, personal, and social development. This is a reliable, first-of-its-kind, and content-validated instrument. Nevertheless, the analysis of its psychometric properties should be continued to keep improving its quality.

RESUMO Introdução As habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) referem-se a ações integrais representadas por meio do comportamento para o manejo adequado de emoções, realização pessoal e desenvolvimento social. Existem diversos instrumentos de avaliação para mensurar a HSE em estudantes universitários, mas os voltados para estudantes de enfermagem são inexistentes. Objetivo Desenhar e determinar a validade de conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliar HSE em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia Foi realizado um estudo instrumental que incluiu as fases de revisão dos instrumentos de avaliação da HSE; construção de instrumentos; revisão e aperfeiçoamento do instrumento pelos especialistas; validação de conteúdo por meio dos pareceres de 16 especialistas utilizando um índice de relevância (V de Aiken); pilotagem do instrumento com 50 alunos para análise da confiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach) e compreensão do instrumento. Resultados O instrumento integrou 12 indicadores (tolerância, trabalho colaborativo, adaptação ao entorno, comunicação efetiva, empatia, tomada de decisão, criatividade, relacionamento interpessoal, assertividade, autoeficácia, resiliência e gerenciamento de estresse). O parecer de especialistas revelou validade de conteúdo (V de Aiken > 0.90). Obteve-se um valor aceitável de confiabilidade (α= 0.786) e uma opinião adequada sobre o entendimento do instrumento na pilotagem. Discussão e Conclusão A avaliação da HSE em estudantes de enfermagem é essencial tanto para melhorar e manter sua saúde mental quanto para promover o desenvolvimento profissional, pessoal e social. A rubrica é um instrumento confiável, primeiro do gênero e com validade de conteúdo. Para obter a qualidade ideal, é necessário continuar com a análise de suas propriedades psicométricas.

Validation of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale-5.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate CAPS-5 for the Brazilian-Portuguese language on a sample of 128 individuals from two centers (from the cities of São Paulo and Porto Alegre) who have been recently exposed to a traumatic event. Methods: We performed a reliability analysis between interviewers (with a subset of 32 individuals), an internal consistency analysis, and a confirmatory factorial analysis for the validation study. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the total PTSD symptom severity score was high [intraclass correlation coefficient =0.994, 95% CI (0.987-0.997), p < 0.001]. Cohen's Kappa for individual items ranged between 0.759 and 1. Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated high internal consistency for the CAPS-5 full scale (α = 0.826) and an acceptable level of internal consistency for the four symptom clusters. The confirmatory factorial analysis for the 20-item original CAPS-5 did not fit the data well. A 15-item model with better results was then established by excluding the following CAPS-5 items: dissociative amnesia, recklessness, distorted cognitions, irritability, and hypervigilance. Conclusion: Despite the limitation of the predominance of female victims, and the high number of sexually assaulted women in our sample, the model with only 15 items provided a good fit to the data with high internal consistency (α = 0.835).

Validación de instrumentos evaluativos del conocimiento sobre salud bucodental / Validation of evaluative instruments of knowledge on oral health

RESUMEN Introducción: el diseño de instrumentos de medición es un proceso complejo que exige una elaboración rigurosa para lograr la obtención de un test que responda a las exigencias que generó su construcción. La validez es un proceso que requiere seriedad, tiene gran importancia en la actualidad porque permite la elaboración de instrumentos que facilitan medir parámetros con mayor veracidad. Objetivo: validar el contenido de instrumentos evaluativos del conocimiento sobre salud bucodental, en niños del grado preescolar, personal docente y familias. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio evaluativo en el período de 2017-2019. Se valoraron los siguientes instrumentos de medición del conocimiento sobre salud bucodental: entrevistas dirigidas a niños, cuestionarios al personal docente y a las familias. La validación de contenido se realizó mediante el método de Moriyama y la técnica Delphi. Resultados: la validación de los instrumentos evidenció que el 100 % de las preguntas fueron razonables y comprensibles, sensibles a variaciones, con suposiciones básicas justificables, con componentes claramente definidos y derivables de datos factibles de obtener. En la validación por Delphi el 100 % de las preguntas fueron evaluadas con las categorías de muy adecuado y bastante adecuado. Conclusiones: los instrumentos evaluados resultaron ser confiables mediante la validez de contenido, lo que contribuyó al aumento de la rigurosidad del proceso investigativo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the design of measuring instruments is a complex process that requires a rigorous preparation to obtain a test answering the demands generating its construction. Validity is a process that requires reliability, it is currently of great importance since it allows the elaboration of instruments that allow measuring parameters with greater veracity. Objective: to validate the content of instruments for evaluating oral health knowledge in preschool children, teaching staff and families. Materials and methods: an evaluative study was carried out during the time period 2017 - 2019. Interviews addressed to children and questionnaires to teaching staff and families, both instruments for measuring knowledge on oral health, were assessed: Content validation was performed using the Moriyama method and the Delphi technique. Results: the validation of the instruments showed that 100% of the questions were reasonable and understandable, sensitive to variations, with justifiable basic assumptions, with clearly defined components that are derived from data feasible to obtain. In the Delphi validation, 100% of the questions were evaluated with categories of very adequate and quite adequate. Conclusions: The evaluated instruments turned out to be reliable through content validity, which increases the rigor of the research process (AU).

Validación de los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en la accesibilidad al servicio de inmunizaciones en niños menores de 24 meses / Validation of the quantitative and qualitative instruments to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect the accessibility to the immunization service in children under 24 months

La inmunización es una de las intervenciones de salud más exitosas y costo-efectivas, por medio de la cual se pueden prevenir entre dos y tres millones de muertes cada año en el mundo, sigue siendo considerada como una intervención eficaz que salva vidas y evita el sufrimiento; beneficia a los niños porque mejora la salud y la esperanza de vida, también por su impacto social y económico a escala mundial. Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en la accesibilidad al servicio de inmunizaciones en niños menores de 24 meses. Metodología: El presente estudio es de enfoque mixto (cuanti ­ cualitativo) de corte transversal, exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de campo, con un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico diseñado por 3 categorías y codificado de acuerdo al número de participantes. La población como muestra de la investigación es de 100 personas, de las cuales se hizo un estudio piloto de 15 personas para la encuesta y 1 persona para la entrevista a profundidad. Resultados: Al aplicar el criterio de los juicios de expertos, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: en el instrumento cuantitativo se obtuvo un promedio de 96 y en el instrumento cualitativo logrando un promedio de 95, ambos resultados equivalentes a muy confiable. Conclusión: El plan piloto da a entender que los instrumentos tienen propiedades buenas para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que incidan a la accesibilidad del servicio de inmunizaciones(AU)

Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective health interventions; because of it, two and three million deaths can be prevented each year in the world. It continues to be considered an effective intervention that saves lives and avoid suffering; it benefits children because it improves health and life expectancy because of its social and economic impact on a global scale. Objective: To validate the quantitative and qualitative instruments in order to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect accessibility to the immunization service in children under 24 months. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional (quantitative - qualitative) mixed approach, exploratory, descriptive and field, with a phenomenological qualitative approach designed by three categories and coded according to the number of participants. The population as a sample of the research is 100 people, of which a pilot study of 15 people was carried out for the survey and one person for the in-depth interview. Results: When applying the criterion of expert judgments, getting the following results: in the quantitative instrument obtained an average of 96 and in the qualitative instrument achieving an average of 95, both results equivalent to very reliable. Conclusion: The pilot plan suggests that the instruments have good properties to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect the accessibility of the immunization service(AU)

Fear of Loneliness: Development and Validation of a Brief Scale.

This research aims to develop and validate a Spanish version of The Brief Scale of Fear of Loneliness (BSFL). Participants were 1385 youth and adults, 347 from a pilot sample and 1032 from the final version, whose ages were in the range of 18 to 40 years. Two instruments, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, in their Peruvian versions, were used to support the relationship with other variables. Results show that the BSFL should be interpreted as a one-dimensional measure, the same ones that were examined at the exploratory level and verified at the confirmatory moment (RMSEA < 0.08, CFI > 0.95), and its reliability is considered good (ω > 0.88). In addition, the quality of the item content was reviewed by six expert judges for relevance and validity, with Aiken's V being greater than 0.70. It is concluded that the BSFL is a valid and precise short instrument that can be used in future research studies.

Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do questionário EORTC QLQ-LMC21 para o português versão Brasil / Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the EORTC QLQ-LMC21 questionnaire into Portuguese version Brazil

Esta tese está vinculada ao Grupo de Estudos Multiprofissional em Saúde do Adulto na linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Enfermagem dentro do projeto temático Qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer. O Câncer Colorretal (CCR) é considerado o terceiro tipo de câncer mais comum em todo o mundo e o segundo no Brasil, para ambos os sexos. Destes, estima-se que metade pode vir a desenvolver metástase hepática. Pacientes com câncer vivenciam diversas alterações em seu estilo de vida, que prejudicam a Qualidade de Vida (QV). A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) é uma organização composta por diversos profissionais que têm por objetivo coordenar e conduzir pesquisas internacionais relacionadas ao câncer. Seus questionários de avaliação de QV são utilizados mundialmente. O questionário Quality of Life Questionnaire, Liver Metastase Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LMC21) consiste num questionário que avalia a QV de pacientes com metástase hepática de CCR. No Brasil esse questionário não foi traduzido, nem validado. Objetivo: traduzir, adaptar transculturamente e validar o questionário EORTC QLQ-LMC21 para o Português, versão Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico com procedimentos analíticos. Para tradução, adaptação e validação do questionário, seguiu-se a seguintes etapas: tradução inicial do módulo inglês para o português (T1 e T2); síntese das traduções (T3); retrotradução do português para o inglês; envio do relatório de retrotradução para a EORTC; teste piloto da versão traduzida; validação de constructo, critério e confiabilidade com a versão final do questionário. Para a etapa de tradução e reconciliação, participaram três tradutores independentes; para retrotradução, dois tradutores. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três hospitais do Paraná, de junho de 2017 a agosto de 2019. Participaram do estudo 116 pacientes (10 para teste piloto e 106 para validação), que responderam os questionários sociodemográficos e clínicos, o Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) e o QLQ-LMC21. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, e testes de correlações de Spearman para validade de construto e de critério. Para avaliar a confiabilidade foi realizado o teste alfa de Cronbach. Valores significantes foram de p<0,05. Resultados: Das 21 questões, 15 já possuíam pré-traduções, três foram traduzidas na totalidade, três precisavam de revisão conforme solicitação da EORTC. Todos os itens traduzidos foram revisados, totalizando 16 alterações distintas quanto aos termos gramaticais, tempo verbal, sinônimos, presença ou não de pronomes possessivos. Para validade de construto, foi possível observar que houve validação convergente e divergente. As escalas que apresentaram maiores valores de convergência foi escala de fadiga (0,78 a 0,79) e escala de problemas nutricionais (0,75 a 0,80). Em relação a validação de critério, houve correlação entre escalas semelhantes do QLQ-LMC21 e QLQ-C30 (dor x dor= 0,45; fadiga x fadiga= 0,49; náusea e vômito x problemas nutricionais= 0,45). A consistência interna foi adequada, apresentando valor satisfatório de alfa de Cronbach (0,79). Conclusão: A etapa do teste piloto demonstrou que o questionário traduzido apresentou-se de fácil entendimento para os participantes e a análise psicométrica do QLQ-LMC21 foi adequada. Desta forma, estará disponível um instrumento válido e confiável que avalia a QV de pacientes com metástase hepática de CCR, auxiliando para que profissionais da área da saúde promovam estratégias que visem na melhor QV.

Introduction: This thesis is linked to the Multiprofessional Study Group on Adult Health in the research line Nursing Care Process within the thematic project Quality of life of cancer patients. Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is considered the third most common type of cancer worldwide and the second in Brazil, for both sexes. It is estimated that half these patients may develop liver metastasis. Cancer patients experience several changes in their lifestyle, which affect the Quality of Life (QoL). The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) is an organization composed of several professionals whose objective is to coordinate and conduct international research related to cancer. Their QoL assessment questionnaires are used worldwide. The Quality of Life Questionnaire, Liver Metastase Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LMC21) consists of a questionnaire that evaluates the QoL of patients with CRC liver metastasis. In Brazil, this questionnaire has not been translated or validated. Objective: to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the EORTC QLQ-LMC21 questionnaire into Portuguese, Brazil version. Method: methodological study with analytical procedures. For translation, adaptation and validation of the questionnaire, the following steps were followed: initial translation of the English module into Portuguese (T1 and T2); synthesis of translations (T3); back-translation from Portuguese to English; sending the backtranslation report to EORTC; pilot test of the translated version; construct, criterion and reliability validation with the final version of the questionnaire. For the translation and reconciliation stage, three independent translators participated; for back-translation, two translators participated. Data collection was carried out in three hospitals in Parana, from June 2017 to August 2019. 116 patients participated in the study (10 for pilot test and 106 for validation), who answered the sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and QLQ-LMC21. Descriptive analyzes and Spearman correlation tests were performed for construct and criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha test was performed to assess reliability. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 21 questions, 15 already had pre-translations, three were fully translated, and three needed revision as requested by EORTC. All translated items were revised, totaling 16 different changes in terms of grammatical terms, tense, synonyms, presence or not of possessive pronouns. For construct validity, it was observed that there was convergent and divergent validation. The scales with the highest convergence values were the fatigue scale (0.78 to 0.79) and the scale of nutritional problems (0.75 to 0.80). Regarding criterion validation, there was a correlation between similar scales of the QLQ-LMC21 and QLQ-C30 (pain x pain = 0.45; fatigue x fatigue = 0.49; nausea and vomiting x nutritional problems = 0.45). The internal consistency was adequate, with a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha value (0.79). Conclusion: The pilot test stage demonstrated that the translated questionnaire was easy to understand for the participants and the psychometric analysis of the QLQ-LMC21 was adequate. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument that evaluates the QoL of patients with liver metastasis from CRC will be available, helping health professionals to promote strategies aimed at the best QoL.

Validation of instrument to comply institutional measures on tuberculosis infection control / Validación del instrumento para el cumplimiento de las medidas institucionales de control de la infección por tuberculosis / Validação do instrumento de conformidadedas medidas institucionais de controle de infecções por tuberculosenos prestadores de serviços de saúde / Validation de linstrument de respect des mesures institutionnelles de luttecontrelinfectiontuberculeusedans les établissements de santé

Abstract Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument that inspect compliance with institutional tuberculosis infection control measures of Healthcare Providers in the city of Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods Across-sectional study (psychometric type, instrument validation). The development of instrument considered sections from the Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Healthcare Settings (CDC), Guidelines for implementation of infection control of tuberculosis in the Americas and Evaluation Control Tools for Hospital-Acquired Infections. The construction of the final instrument was carried out with the support of seven experts according to Delphi method, obtaining an instrument comprising three domains and a final number of 65 questions; each item was evaluated, usefulness, format, and validity of the instrument. Contents were assessed with the Aiken coefficient and reliability with Bangdiwala concordance coefficient. Rversion3.2.0 application was used. Results The instrument was concocted by 65 items referring to questions regarding administrative, environmental and respiratory measures. It holds acceptable psychometric properties, including good internal structure and suitable reliability. Conclusions A valid and reliable instrument was obtained to evaluate compliance with institutional measures on tuberculosis infection control in Healthcare Institutions in the city of Cali.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento que inspecciona el cumplimiento de las medidas institucionales de control de infecciones para la tuberculosis en las Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos El estudio fue de corte transversal (tipo psicométrico, validación de un instrumento). El desarrollo del instrumento consider secciones de las Guidelines for the preventing of transmission of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis in health care settings (CDC), Guidelines for implementation of infection control of tuberculosis in the Americas y Evaluation Control Tools for Hospital-Acquired Infections. La construcción del instrumento final se realizó con el apoyo de 7 expertos según la metodología Delphi, obteniéndose un instrumento constituido por tres dominios y con un número final de 65 preguntas; donde se evaluó cada uno de los ítems, la utilidad, el formato y la validez del instrumento. Se evaluó el contenido con el coeficiente de Aiken y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente de concordancia de Bangdiwala. Se utilizó el aplicativo R versión3.2.0. Resultados El instrumento quedó conformado por 65 ítems que se refieren a preguntas relacionadas con las medidas administrativas, ambientales y respiratorias. Cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas aceptables, entre ellas, una buena estructura interna y una adecuada confiabilidad. Conclusiones Se obtuvo un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar el cumplimiento de las medidas institucionales de control de infecciones para la tuberculosis en las Instituciones de Salud de la ciudad de Cali.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a validade e a confiabilidade de um instrumento que inspeciona o cumprimento de medidas institucionais de controle de infecção por tuberculosenasinstituições de saúde da cidade de Cali. Colombia. Materiais e métodos O estudofoi transversal (tipo psicométrico, validação de um instrumento). O desenvolvimento do instrumentoconsiderouseções dasGuidelines for the preventing of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health care settings (CDC), Guidelines for implementation of infection control of tuberculosis in the Americas e Evaluation Control Tools for Hospital-Acquired Infections.Aconstruçãodoinstrumentofinalfoirealizadacom o apoio de 7 especialistas, conforme a metodologia Delphi, obtendoum instrumento composto por trêsdomínios e comum número final de 65 perguntas; onde cada um dos itens, a utilidade, o formato e a validade do instrumento foram avaliados. O conteúdofoi avaliado com o coeficiente de Aiken e a confiabilidadecom o coeficiente de concordância de Bangdiwala. O aplicativo R versão 3.2.0 foiusado. Resultados O instrumento foi composto por 65 itens que se referem a questões relacionadas a medidas administrativas, ambientais e respiratórias. Possui propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis, incluindo boa estrutura interna e confiabilidade adequada. Conclusões Foiobtidoum instrumento válido e confiável para avaliar o cumprimento das medidas institucionais de controle de infecção por tuberculose nasinstituições de saúde da cidade de Cali.

Résumé Objectif Évaluer la validité et la fiabilité d'un instrument qui inspecte le respect des mesures institutionnelles de contrôle des infections de la tuberculose dans les établissements de santé de la ville de Cali. Matériels et méthodes L'étude était transversale (type psychométrique, validation d'un instrument). L'élaboration de l'instrument a examiné des sections des Lignes directrices pour la prévention de la transmission de Mycobacterium tuberculosis dans les établissements de santé (CDC), des Lignes directrices pour la mise en œuvre de la lutte contre les infections de la tuberculose dans les Amériques et des outils de contrôle de l'évaluation des infections nosocomiales. La construction de l'instrument final a été réalisée avec le soutien de 7 experts selon la méthodologie Delphi, obtenant un instrument composé de trois domaines et avec un nombre final de 65 questions; où chacun des éléments, l'utilité, le format et la validité de l'instrument ont été évalués. Le contenu a été évalué avec le coefficient Aiken et la fiabilité avec le coefficient de concordance Bangdiwala. L'application R version 3.2.0 a été utilisée. Résultats L'instrument était composé de 65 éléments qui renvoient à des questions liées aux mesures administratives, environnementales et respiratoires. Il a des propriétés psychométriques acceptables, y compris une bonne structure interne et une fiabilité adéquate. Conclusions Un instrument valide et fiable a été obtenu pour évaluer le respect desmesures institutionnelles de contrôle des infections de la tuberculose dans les établissements de santé de la ville de Cali.

Adaptação e validação de instrumento para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos

Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar e validar um instrumento (questionário) em português do Brasil para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos. Utilizou-se como cenário de estudo áreas de manipulação de alimentos prontos para consumo de uma rede varejista de alimentos, composta por 28 lojas e 2204 manipuladores no estado de São Paulo. O processo de adaptação do instrumento ocorreu em seis passos: tradução do instrumento para o novo idioma, síntese das versões traduzidas, avaliação da síntese por especialistas, avaliação pelo público-alvo, retradução e estudo piloto. O instrumento adaptado consta de 31 itens, com respostas fechadas em escala Likert de sete pontos. O total de 383 manipuladores participaram do estudo, distribuídos em 15 lojas. Foi possível validar o instrumento para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos. Também foi possível ratificar a existência de elementos da cultura de segurança dos alimentos na rede varejista, indicando que existe de fato um processo de construção da segurança dos alimentos na organização.(AU)

This study aimed to adapt and validate an instrument (questionnaire) in Brazilian Portuguese for characterization of food safety culture. The study scenario used ready-to-eat food handling areas of a retail food chain, consisting of 28 stores and 2204 handlers in the state of São Paulo. The instrument adaptation process took place in six steps: translation of the instrument into the new language, synthesis of the translated versions, expert evaluation of the synthesis, target audience evaluation, backtranslation and pilot study. The adapted instrument consists of 31 items, with closed responses on a seven-point Likert scale. A total of 383 handlers participated in the study, distributed in 15 stores. It was possible to validate the instrument for characterization of food safety culture. It was also possible to ratify the existence of food safety culture elements in the retail chain, indicating that there is indeed a process of building food safety in the organization.(AU)

Hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC): a multi-method approach for target-language instrument translation, adaptation, and validation to improve the equivalence of meaning for cross-cultural research.

BACKGROUND: The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) is widely utilized in multiple languages across the world. Despite culture and language variations, research studies from Latin America use the Spanish language HSOPSC validated for Spain and the United States. Yet, these studies fail to report the translation method, cultural adaptation process, and the equivalence assessment strategy. As such, the psychometric properties of the HSOPSC are not well demonstrated for cross-cultural research in Latin America, including Peru. The purpose of this study was to develop a target-language HSOPSC for cross-cultural research in Peru that asks the same questions, in the same manner, with the same intended meaning, as the source instrument. METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach adapted from the translation guideline recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The 3-phase, 7-step process incorporated translation techniques, pilot testing, cognitive interviews, clinical participant review, and subject matter expert evaluation. RESULTS: The instrument was translated and evaluated in 3 rounds of cognitive interview (CI). There were 37 problem items identified in round 1 (14 clarity, 12 cultural, 11 mixed); and resolved to 4 problems by round 3. The pilot-testing language clarity inter-rater reliability was S-CVI/Avg = 0.97 and S-CVI/UA = 0.86; and S-CVI/Avg = 0.96 and S-CVI/UA = 0.83 for cultural relevance. Subject matter expert agreement in matching items to the correct dimensions was substantially equivalent (Kappa = 0.72). Only 1 of 12 dimensions had a low Kappa (0.39), borderline fair to moderate. The remaining dimensions performed well (7 = almost perfect, 2 = substantial, and 2 = moderate). CONCLUSIONS: The HSOPSC instrument developed for Peru was markedly different from the other Spanish-language versions. The resulting items were equivalent in meaning to the source, despite the new language and different cultural context. The analysis identified negatively worded items were problematic for target-language translation. With the limited literature about negatively worded items in the context of cross-cultural research, further research is necessary to evaluate this finding and the recommendation to include negatively worded items in instruments. This study demonstrates cross-cultural research with translated instruments should adhere to established guidelines, with cognitive interviews, based on evidence-based strategies.