NIR responsive scaffold with multistep shape memory and photothermal-chemodynamic properties for complex tissue defects repair and antibacterial therapy.

Complex tissue damage accompanying with bacterial infection challenges healthcare systems globally. Conventional tissue engineering scaffolds normally generate secondary implantation trauma, mismatched regeneration and infection risks. Herein, we developed an easily implanted scaffold with multistep shape memory and photothermal-chemodynamic properties to exactly match repair requirements of each part from the tissue defect by adjusting its morphology as needed meanwhile inhibiting bacterial infection on demand. Specifically, a thermal-induced shape memory scaffold was prepared using hydroxyethyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate, which was further combined with the photothermal agent iron tannate (FeTA) to produce NIR light-induced shape memory property. By varying ingredients ratios in each segment, this scaffold could perform a stepwise recovery under different NIR periods. This process facilitated implantation after shape fixing to avoid trauma caused by conventional methods and gradually filled irregular defects under NIR to perform suitable tissue regeneration. Moreover, FeTA also catalyzed Fenton reaction at bacterial infections with abundant H2O2, which produced excess ROS for chemodynamic antibacterial therapy. As expected, bacteriostatic rate was further enhanced by additional photothermal therapy under NIR. The in vitro and vivo results showed that our scaffold was able to perform high efficacy in both antibiosis, inflammation reduction and wound healing acceleration, indicating a promising candidate for the regeneration of complex tissue damage with bacterial infection.

Redox-manipulating nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery: a systematic review.

Spatiotemporally controlled cargo release is a key advantage of nanocarriers in anti-tumor therapy. Various external or internal stimuli-responsive nanomedicines have been reported for their ability to increase drug levels at the diseased site and enhance therapeutic efficacy through a triggered release mechanism. Redox-manipulating nanocarriers, by exploiting the redox imbalances in tumor tissues, can achieve precise drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing damage to healthy cells. As a typical redox-sensitive bond, the disulfide bond is considered a promising tool for designing tumor-specific, stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS). The intracellular redox imbalance caused by tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation has emerged as an appealing therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Sustained glutathione (GSH) depletion in the TME by redox-manipulating nanocarriers can exacerbate oxidative stress through the exchange of disulfide-thiol bonds, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ROS-based cancer therapy. Intriguingly, GSH depletion is simultaneously associated with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) oligomerization, triggering mechanisms such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis, which increase the sensitivity of tumor cells. Hence, in this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the advances in disulfide based redox-manipulating nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery and provide an overview of some representative achievements for combinational therapy and theragnostic. The high concentration of GSH in the TME enables the engineering of redox-responsive nanocarriers for GSH-triggered on-demand drug delivery, which relies on the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between GSH and disulfide-containing vehicles. Conversely, redox-manipulating nanocarriers can deplete GSH, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ROS-based treatment nanoplatforms. In brief, we summarize the up-to-date developments of the redox-manipulating nanocarriers for cancer therapy based on DDS and provide viewpoints for the establishment of more stringent anti-tumor nanoplatform.

Improving synthetic media generation and detection using generative adversarial networks.

Synthetic images ar---e created using computer graphics modeling and artificial intelligence techniques, referred to as deepfakes. They modify human features by using generative models and deep learning algorithms, posing risks violations of social media regulations and spread false information. To address these concerns, the study proposed an improved generative adversarial network (GAN) model which improves accuracy while differentiating between real and fake images focusing on data augmentation and label smoothing strategies for GAN training. The study utilizes a dataset containing human faces and employs DCGAN (deep convolutional generative adversarial network) as the base model. In comparison with the traditional GANs, the proposed GAN outperform in terms of frequently used metrics i.e., Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and accuracy. The model effectiveness is demonstrated through evaluation on the Flickr-Faces Nvidia dataset and Fakefaces d--ataset, achieving an FID score of 55.67, an accuracy of 98.82%, and an F1-score of 0.99 in detection. This study optimizes the model parameters to achieve optimal parameter settings. This study fine-tune the model parameters to reach optimal settings, thereby reducing risks in synthetic image generation. The article introduces an effective framework for both image manipulation and detection.

Redemption or Manipulation? Revisiting the Art of a Serial Killer-A Dialogue.

This article revisits an ongoing dialogue between the co-authors, examining their divergent perspectives on whether the art of serial killers was used to perpetuate their psychopathic cycles after their murderous sprees were interrupted, or whether the art-particularly a piece done by one serial killer, Glen Rogers-reflects remorse and redemption. The two art therapists draw from their own clinical and professional experiences to argue their respective outlooks. After explaining what art therapy is, re-examining the concept of murderabilia, and underscoring psychopathy, this article provides an in-depth evaluation of two art pieces done by the serial killer through both of their viewpoints. Ultimately, while neither author completely changed their overall conclusions, elements from both sides of the argument were found relevant. Ultimately, this article emphasized the chaotic and messy connections between art and violence, yet through new perspectives explored on the complexities and motivations within the mayhem, mutual understandings emerged.

Light-Armed Nitric Oxide-Releasing Micromotor In Vivo.

The delivery of NO at a high spatiotemporal precision is important but still challenging for existing NO-releasing platforms due to the lack of precise motion control and limited biomedical functions. In this work, we propose an alternative strategy for developing the light-armed nitric oxide-releasing micromotor (LaNorM), in which a main light beam was employed to navigate the microparticle and stimulate NO release and an auxiliary light beam was used to cooperate with the released NO to act as a remotely controlled scalpel for cell separation. Benefiting from the advantages of fully controlled locomotion, photostimulated NO release, and microsurgery ability at the single-cell level, the proposed LaNorM could enable a series of biomedical applications in vivo, including the separation of flowing emboli, selective removal of a specific thrombus, and inhibition of thrombus growth, which may provide new insight into the precise delivery of NO and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Effects of Nutrient Manipulation during Peripartum and Suckling Period on Productivity of Hanwoo Cows and Offspring.

This study investigated the effects of nutrient manipulation during the peripartum and suckling periods on the productivity of Hanwoo cows and their offspring. A total of 183 pregnant cows and their 180 offspring were randomly assigned to either a control group, fed a formula feed with 13.5% crude protein (CP) and 70.5% total digestible nutrients (TDN), or a treatment group, fed nutrient-enriched formula feed with 18.0% CP and 72.5% TDN. Offspring were similarly divided and fed either 17.0% CP and 69.5% TDN (control) or 21.5% CP and 72.5% TDN (treatment). Results showed that body weight recovery was higher in the treatment group, although wither height, body length, and body condition scores were similar between groups. The treatment group exhibited increased chest girth, reduced intervals for first return to estrus, and shorter days open compared to the control group. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, albumin, and progesterone concentrations of Hanwoo cows varied between groups at the 3 months before and after calving. Offspring in the treatment group had higher body weight and average daily gain at birth, three and six months of age, with higher dry matter intake. These findings suggest that nutrient-enriched formula feed positively influences the reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo cows and the growth performance of their offspring.

Far-red light photoacclimation in a desert Chroococcidiopsis strain with a reduced FaRLiP gene cluster and expression of its chlorophyll f synthase in space-resistant isolates.

Introduction: Some cyanobacteria can use far-red light (FRL) to drive oxygenic photosynthesis, a phenomenon known as Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP). It can expand photosynthetically active radiation beyond the visible light (VL) range. Therefore, it holds promise for biotechnological applications and may prove useful for the future human exploration of outer space. Typically, FaRLiP relies on a cluster of ~20 genes, encoding paralogs of the standard photosynthetic machinery. One of them, a highly divergent D1 gene known as chlF (or psbA4), is the synthase responsible for the formation of the FRL-absorbing chlorophyll f (Chl f) that is essential for FaRLiP. The minimum gene set required for this phenotype is unclear. The desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 010 is unusual in being capable of FaRLiP with a reduced gene cluster (15 genes), and it lacks most of the genes encoding FR-Photosystem I. Methods: Here we investigated whether the reduced gene cluster of Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 010 is transcriptionally regulated by FRL and characterized the spectral changes that occur during the FaRLiP response of Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 010. In addition, the heterologous expression of the Chl f synthase from CCMEE 010 was attempted in three closely related desert strains of Chroococcidiopsis. Results: All 15 genes of the FaRLiP cluster were preferentially expressed under FRL, accompanied by a progressive red-shift of the photosynthetic absorption spectrum. The Chl f synthase from CCMEE 010 was successfully expressed in two desert strains of Chroococcidiopsis and transformants could be selected in both VL and FRL. Discussion: In Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCME 010, all the far-red genes of the unusually reduced FaRLiP cluster, are transcriptionally regulated by FRL and two closely related desert strains heterologously expressing the chlF010 gene could grow in FRL. Since the transformation hosts had been reported to survive outer space conditions, such an achievement lays the foundation toward novel cyanobacteria-based technologies to support human space exploration.

Guest-Induced "Breathing-Helical" Dynamic System of a Porphyrinic Metallo-Organic Cage for Advanced Conformational Manipulation.

Host-guest dynamic systems in coordination-driven metallo-organic cages have gained significant attentions since their promising applications in chiral separation, drug delivery, and catalytical fields. To maximize guest-binding affinity, hosts adopting multiple conformations are widely investigated on their structural flexibility for guest accommodation. In this study, a novel metallo-organic cage S with breathing inner cavity and freely twisted side chains was proposed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses depicted a characteristic "breathing-helical" dynamic system on the semiflexible framework, which led to an unprecedent co-crystallisation of racemic and symmetric conformations via the encapsulation locking of C70 guests. By taking advantages of the high binding affinity, selective extraction of C70 was realized. This research provides new ideas for the modification on the helicities of metallo-organic cages, which could pave a new way for advanced conformational manipulation of supramolecular host systems.

Fine-Tuning of Optical Resonance Wavelength of Surface-Micromachined Optical Ultrasound Transducer Arrays for Single-Wavelength Light Source Readout.

This article reports the fine-tuning of the optical resonance wavelength (ORW) of surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer (SMOUT) arrays to enable ultrasound data readout with non-tunable interrogation light sources for photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT). Permanent ORW tuning is achieved by material deposition onto or subtraction from the top diaphragm of each element with sub-nanometer resolution. For demonstration, a SMOUT array is first fabricated, and its ORW is tuned for readout with an 808 nm laser diode (LD). Experiments are conducted to characterize the optical and acoustic performances of the elements within the center region of the SMOUT array. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional PACT (photoacoustic computed tomography) is also performed to evaluate the imaging performance of the ORW-tuned SMOUT array. The results show that the ORW tuning does not degrade the optical, acoustic, and overall imaging performances of the SMOUT elements. As a result, the fine-tuning method enables new SMOUT-based PACT systems that are low cost, compact, powerful, and even higher speed, with parallel readout capability.

Lab-on-Chip Systems for Cell Sorting: Main Features and Advantages of Inertial Focusing in Spiral Microchannels.

Inertial focusing-based Lab-on-Chip systems represent a promising technology for cell sorting in various applications, thanks to their alignment with the ASSURED criteria recommended by the World Health Organization: Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Delivered. Inertial focusing techniques using spiral microchannels offer a rapid, portable, and easy-to-prototype solution for cell sorting. Various microfluidic devices have been investigated in the literature to understand how hydrodynamic forces influence particle focusing in spiral microchannels. This is crucial for the effective prototyping of devices that allow for high-throughput and efficient filtration of particles of different sizes. However, a clear, comprehensive, and organized overview of current research in this area is lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by offering a thorough summary of the existing literature, thereby guiding future experimentation and facilitating the selection of spiral geometries and materials for cell sorting in microchannels. To this end, we begin with a detailed theoretical introduction to the physical mechanisms underlying particle separation in spiral microfluidic channels. We also dedicate a section to the materials and prototyping techniques most commonly used for spiral microchannels, highlighting and discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, we provide a critical examination of the key details of inertial focusing across various cross-sections (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, hybrid) in spiral devices as reported in the literature.

Satisfaction of patients with frozen shoulder following silent manipulation: a prospective observation study.

Silent manipulation is a procedure for frozen shoulders that involves manipulating the shoulder while the patient is awake by performing C5, C6, and C7 cervical nerve root block under ultrasound guidance. This retrospective study, conducted at Yokohama City University Hospital, aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of silent manipulation and assess whether the experience level of the practitioner influenced treatment efficacy. Between October 2020 and January 2022, 53 patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent silent manipulation for frozen shoulder. The procedure was performed by either an experienced or a less experienced practitioner, and the patients were followed-up for up to 1 year post-treatment. Silent manipulation resulted in significant improvements in shoulder range of motion, as measured by forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and hand-behind-back, as well as in patient-reported outcomes, including disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand and Shoulder 36 scores. These improvements were observed 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after silent manipulation, indicating the short-term efficacy of the procedure. Furthermore, this study revealed that the practitioners' level of experience played a significant role in the outcomes. The experienced doctor achieved better 1st external rotation and belt tying outcomes, as well as Shoulder 36 pain, muscle strength, and activities of daily living domain scores. This suggests that technical expertise in silent manipulation is crucial to achieve optimal outcomes. Silent manipulation offers an effective therapeutic approach for frozen shoulder, leading to significant improvements in range of motion and patient satisfaction. Practitioner expertise is a vital factor in treatment success, emphasizing the importance of skilled professionals in the performance of this procedure.

Generalized Optical Binding for Multiple Assemblies of Nanoparticles under Multiple Laser Beams.

Optical forces enable noncontact manipulation of micro- and nanoscale objects, offering diverse applications. When a laser beam irradiates multiple nanoparticles in a solvent, it induces the formation of an ordered array with a finite distance between particles due to optical binding, which results from the optical force exerted by scattered light. This scattered light extends beyond the irradiation area, facilitating interactions between spatially separated nanoparticle assemblies under multiple laser beams. However, the extension of optical binding in this context remains underexplored. In this study, we propose a concept of generalized optical binding between particle assemblies using two focal laser beams. Under carefully designed conditions, the scattered light between assemblies leads the particles to stable positions and impedes rotational dynamics driven by the circular polarization of the lasers. We demonstrate the fusion and reordering of two hexagonal assemblies, offering a blueprint for creating on-demand particle arrays through laser beam manipulation.

A Review of Animal Models for Studying Bone Health in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Obesity.

Preclinical research on diabetes and obesity has been carried out in various animal models over the years. These animal models are developed from genetic manipulation that affects their body metabolism, chemical-induced procedures, diet alteration/modifications, or combinations of the aforementioned approaches. The diabetic and obesity animal models have allowed researchers to not only study the pathological aspect of the diseases but also enable them to screen and explore potential therapeutic compounds. Besides several widely known complications such as macrovascular diseases, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus is also known to affect bone health. There is also evidence to suggest obesity affects bone health. Therefore, continuous research needs to be conducted to find a remedy or solution to this matter. Previous literature reported evidence of bone loss in animal models of diabetes and obesity. These findings, as highlighted in this review, further augment the suggestion of an inter-relationship between diabetes, obesity and bone loss.

Do Audible Sounds during a Lumbar Spine Thrust Manipulation Have an Impact on Brainwave Activity?

BACKGROUND: To manage pain and stiffness of the lumbar spine, thrust manipulation is commonly used. High-velocity, small-amplitude thrust manipulation often elicits audible sounds. What causes this audible sound remains unclear, and its clinical significance has not been shown. This study aimed to identify how audible sound affects brainwave activity following a side-lying right rotatory thrust manipulation in a group of healthy individuals. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental repeated measures study design in which 44 subjects completed the study protocol. A portable Bluetooth EEG device was used to capture brainwave activity. The environment was controlled during testing to minimize any factors influencing the acquisition of real-time EEG data. After a short accommodation period, initial brainwaves were measured. Following this, each subject underwent a lumbar 4-5 side-lying right rotatory thrust manipulation, immediately followed by a second brainwave measurement. A third measurement took place one minute later, followed by a fourth one at the three-minute mark. RESULTS: 21 subjects did not experience audible sounds, while 23 subjects experienced audible sounds. Both groups had significant changes measured by the 14 electrodes (p < 0.05). The audible group had more significant changes, which lasted only two minutes. CONCLUSION: The lack of brainwave response differences between the audible and non-audible groups implies no direct, measurable placebo or beneficial effect from the audible sound. This study could not identify a benefit from the audible sound during an HVLA manipulation of the subjects.

Methods of Manipulation of Acoustic Radiation Using Metamaterials with a Focus on Polymers: Design and Mechanism Insights.

The manipulation of acoustic waves is becoming increasingly crucial in research and practical applications. The coordinate transformation methods and acoustic metamaterials represent two significant areas of study that offer innovative strategies for precise acoustic wave control. This review highlights the applications of these methods in acoustic wave manipulation and examines their synergistic effects. We present the fundamental concepts of the coordinate transformation methods and their primary techniques for modulating electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Following this, we deeply study the principle of acoustic metamaterials, with particular emphasis on the superior acoustic properties of polymers. Moreover, the polymers have the characteristics of design flexibility and a light weight, which shows significant advantages in the preparation of acoustic metamaterials. The current research on the manipulation of various acoustic characteristics is reviewed. Furthermore, the paper discusses the combined use of the coordinate transformation methods and polymer acoustic metamaterials, emphasizing their complementary nature. Finally, this article envisions future research directions and challenges in acoustic wave manipulation, considering further technological progress and polymers' application potential. These efforts aim to unlock new possibilities and foster innovative ideas in the field.

Recent Advances in Dielectrophoretic Manipulation and Separation of Microparticles and Biological Cells.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an advanced microfluidic manipulation technique that is based on the interaction of polarized particles with the spatial gradient of a non-uniform electric field to achieve non-contact and highly selective manipulation of particles. In recent years, DEP has made remarkable progress in the field of microfluidics, and it has gradually transitioned from laboratory-scale research to high-throughput manipulation in practical applications. This paper reviews the recent advances in dielectric manipulation and separation of microparticles and biological cells and discusses in detail the design of chip structures for the two main methods, direct current dielectrophoresis (DC-DEP) and alternating current dielectrophoresis (AC-DEP). The working principles, technical implementation details, and other improved designs of electrode-based and insulator-based chips are summarized. Functional customization of DEP systems with specific capabilities, including separation, capture, purification, aggregation, and assembly of particles and cells, is then performed. The aim of this paper is to provide new ideas for the design of novel DEP micro/nano platforms with the desired high throughput for further development in practical applications.

Experimental Considerations for the Evaluation of Viral Biomolecular Condensates.

Biomolecular condensates are nonmembrane-bound assemblies of biological polymers such as protein and nucleic acids. An increasingly accepted paradigm across the viral tree of life is (a) that viruses form biomolecular condensates and (b) that the formation is required for the virus. Condensates can promote viral replication by promoting packaging, genome compaction, membrane bending, and co-opting of host translation. This review is primarily concerned with exploring methodologies for assessing virally encoded biomolecular condensates. The goal of this review is to provide an experimental framework for virologists to consider when designing experiments to (a) identify viral condensates and their components, (b) reconstitute condensation cell free from minimal components, (c) ask questions about what conditions lead to condensation, (d) map these questions back to the viral life cycle, and (e) design and test inhibitors/modulators of condensation as potential therapeutics. This experimental framework attempts to integrate virology, cell biology, and biochemistry approaches.

Natural selection on floral volatiles and other traits can change with snowmelt timing and summer precipitation.

Climate change is disrupting floral traits that mediate mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions. Plastic responses of these traits to multiple shifting conditions may be adaptive, depending on natural selection in new environments. We manipulated snowmelt date over three seasons (3-11 d earlier) in factorial combination with growing-season precipitation (normal, halved, or doubled) to measure plastic responses of volatile emissions and other floral traits in Ipomopsis aggregata. We quantified how precipitation and early snowmelt affected selection on traits by seed predators and pollinators. Within years, floral emissions did not respond to precipitation treatments but shifted with snowmelt treatment depending on the year. Across 3 yr, emissions correlated with both precipitation and snowmelt date. These effects were driven by changes in soil moisture. Selection on several traits changed with earlier snowmelt or reduced precipitation, in some cases driven by predispersal seed predation. Floral trait plasticity was not generally adaptive. Floral volatile emissions shifted in the face of two effects of climate change, and the new environments modulated selection imposed by interacting species. The complexity of the responses underscores the need for more studies of how climate change will affect floral volatiles and other floral traits.

Umbrella Review of Primary Care Treatments for Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify, critically assess, and summarize evidence of the effectiveness of primary care treatments for adults with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). METHODS: We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews focusing on primary care treatments for NSCLBP. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane library databases for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating primary care treatments for adults with NSCLBP published between January 2007 and March 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of these systematic reviews using the AMSTAR checklist. We selected systematic reviews with a low or moderate risk of bias and graded the evidence based on Grading of GRADE criteria. RESULTS: Among the initial 66 systematic reviews meeting our inclusion criteria, 19 systematic reviews with low or moderate bias risk were selected for analysis. These reviews included a total of 365 studies involving 62 832 participants. The evidence suggested moderate to high support for the effectiveness of certain primary care treatments in improving pain and function in NSCLBP patients. These treatments included NSAIDs and opioids compared to placebos, spinal manipulation versus exercise/physical therapy, and MBR versus exercise/education/advice/no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for specific primary care treatments for NSCLBP in adults remain inconclusive. Further high-quality systematic reviews and RCTs are needed to better understand the effectiveness of these treatments. Future RCTs should prioritize the assessment of NSAIDs, opioids, spinal manipulation, and MBR, as they appear promising for improving NSCLBP outcomes in certain comparisons.

Embryonic thermal manipulation and post-hatch dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation alleviated chronic heat stress impact on broiler chickens.

The study investigated the effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) and post-hatch guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress (HS). Ross 308 eggs (n = 710) were randomly assigned to control (37.8 °C, 56% RH) or TM (39.5 °C, 65% RH for 12 h/day from embryonic day 7-16) treatments. After hatching, chicks were further assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 12 birds/pen, 5 replicates/treatment): control, control with 1.2 g/kg GAA supplementation (CS), TM, and TM with 1.2 g/kg GAA supplementation (TMS). All birds were subjected to chronic HS (32-36 °C and 55% RH for 6 h/day) from day 28-42. Embryonic TM treatment decreased hatchability, hatching weight (HW), and facial temperature (FT). During the pre-HS period (days 1-28), no significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were observed, although the TM group exhibited the lowest body weight gain (BWG). Following HS exposure (days 29-42), the TMS group displayed significantly higher BWG than the control and CS groups. The TM and TMS groups also demonstrated significantly lower FCR and mortality rates during this period. Across the entire period (days 1-42), BWG was significantly higher in the TMS group compared to other groups. Furthermore, TM and TMS treatments were associated with lower mortality rates, improved FCR, better European Performance Efficiency Index (EPEI), and reduced abdominal fat deposition. The experimental treatments did not significantly affect intestinal morphology or most blood parameters, except triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and uric acid. Plasma concentrations of T3, T4, and uric acid were significantly lower in the TM and TMS groups compared to the control and CS treatments. The findings suggest that a combined strategy of embryonic TM and post-hatch dietary GAA supplementation may not only alleviate the detrimental effects of HS but also promote beneficial physiological responses in broiler chickens.