High rates of multidrug resistance in bacteria associated with small animal otitis: A study of cumulative microbiological culture and antimicrobial susceptibility.

The etiology of otitis in dogs and cats is multifactorial and complex, involving bacterial and fungal pathogens. As empiric antimicrobial prescription is a common practice when treating such cases, antimicrobial resistance may represent a complicating factor. The aim of this study was to describe microbiological features and susceptibility profiles of pathogens associated with 142 cases of external otitis, comprising 138 dogs and 4 cats.. The specimens were processed to identify bacterial and fungal etiologies following standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined in vitro against 15 antibiotics and 3 antifungals. Further, Staphylococcus spp. isolates were screened for the detection of ß-lactamase enzymes using cefinase paper discs. Pseudomonas spp. and isolates from Enterobacteriaceae family were screened for colistin (Polymyxin E) resistance and for the mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance gene by PCR. The presence of mixed cultures of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp., and co-infections with Malassezia spp., emphasizes the polymicrobial etiology of external otitis in small animals. Emerging rates of multidrug resistance observed in almost 50% of the isolates may alert for a near future of challenging veterinary cases unresponsive to first-line antimicrobials. In addition, these results highlight a potential public health concern of multidrug resistant bacteria, given the proximity of pets and their owners. This study addressed central aspects of external otitis, providing microbiologists and clinicians updated information on the etiology and treatment of challenging cases of multidrug resistant bacteria. It also provides priceless surveillance value in monitoring resistant bacteria in small animals.

Oral administration of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum) in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) vaccinated and challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen in intensive Nile tilapia production, causing high mortality rates and great economic losses. This work aimed to evaluate the Nile tilapia vaccination against S. agalactiae and fed with ration containing probiotic AQUA PHOTO® composed of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum, on the immune response action and gut microbiota. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (CON = control; ADJ = adjuvant; PRO = probiotic; VAC = vaccine; PRO + VAC = probiotic + vaccine) and five replicates. The vaccine (bacterin + adjuvant) was injected after 21 days (21d) of probiotic feeding and the vaccine was booster 14 days post-vaccination (35d). After 14 days of the booster (49d), the fish were challenged with S. agalactiae and observed for more than 14 days, completing 63 days. The immunized group showed a better survival rate (CON 40%; ADJ 57%; PRO 67%; VAC 87%; PRO + VAC 97%). The treatments VAC and PRO + VAC, after booster produced higher levels of IgM antibodies compared with the control from the same time. The combination of probiotic and vaccination provided better protection against S. agalactiae infection, directly affecting the gut microbiological profile. These results indicated the contribution of probiotic to the adaptive immune response through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, improving the effect of the vaccination. In conclusion, AQUA PHOTO®, composed of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, orally administered to Nile tilapia vaccinated against and challenged with S. agalactiae increases protection from infection and modifies the intestinal microbiota profile of the host, promoting the microbiota balance and improving adaptive immune response.

Perfil microbiologico y de resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad. Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán / Microbiological profile and resistance spectrum of the community acquired bacterial infection of the San Jose Universitary Hospital in Popayan

Resumen Objetivo. Describir el perfil microbiológico y de resistencia bacteriana de los aislamientos en adultos con infecciones adquiridas en comunidad en el Hospital Universitario San José de junio 2016 a diciembre 2019. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, análisis retrospectivo de los aislamientos microbiológicos en adultos desde junio 2016 a diciembre 2019, basado en la data institucional. Se analizó la información con STATA15,0. Se obtuvo la aprobación del comité de ética del hospital. Resultados. Se incluyeron 5121 aislamientos microbiológicos, el 61% en el servicio de urgencias. El urocultivo fue la muestra más frecuente. Escherichia coli fue el germen más común tanto a nivel general como en urocultivos, hemocultivos y cultivos de líquido peritoneal. La resistencia a ampicilina y amp/sul fue elevada, hasta del 68% para E. coli. El 20% de los Staphylococcus aureus fueron resistentes a meticilina. Se observó una resistencia inusual a carbapenémicos por parte de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Discusión. El perfil microbiológico concuerda con la literatura mundial y nacional, sin embargo, el HUSJ tiene un comportamiento microbiológico que debe ser estudiado a profundidad. Conclusión. Los porcentajes de resistencia a antibióticos de uso frecuente son elevados. Se requiere ajustes de las guías de manejo institucionales y nacionales.

Abstract Objetive. To describe the microbiological profile and resistance spectrum of the community acquired bacterial infection of the San Jose university hospital from june 2016 to december 2019 Methodology. A retrospective transverse descriptive study of microbial organisms found in adults in the institution from June 2016 to December 2019, the study is based in the hospital data. The analysis of the information was made with SATA 15.0. Results. 5121 samples were included, 61% from the emergency department. Urine culture was the most frequent sample taken. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolated bacterial, in all samples, urine culture, blood culture, and peritoneal culture. Ampiciline r and ampiciline/sulbactam was high up to 68% of the E. Coli cultures. 20% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant. Unusual carbapenemic resistance was found in the Pseudomona aeruginosa isolates.. Discussion. The data of the bacterial resistance spectrum Concord which was is found in the general medical literature, nevertheless the HUSJ, has a microbial behaviour that must be studied thoroughly. Conclusion. The antibiotic bacterial resistance to common used antibiotics is high. Adjustments are required in the instucional and national management guidelines

Comparison of epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infection in children with solid tumours and haematological malignancies.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious complication in immunocompromised hosts. This study compares epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of BSI among children with haematological malignancies (HM) and solid tumours (ST). The study was conducted from October 2012 through to November 2015 at a referral hospital for cancer care and included the first BSI episode detected in 210 patients aged 18 years or less. BSI cases were prospectively detected by daily laboratory-based surveillance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions for primary or secondary BSI were used. A higher proportion of use of corticosteroids (P = 0.02), chemotherapy (P = 0.01) and antibiotics (P = 0.05) before the BSI diagnosis; as well as of neutropenia (P < 0.001) and mucositis (P < 0.001) at the time of BSI diagnosis was observed in patients with HM than with ST. Previous surgical procedures (P = 0.03), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.01) and bed confinement (P < 0.001) were more frequent among children with ST. The frequency of use of temporary (P = 0.01) and implanted vascular lines (P < 0.01) was significantly higher in children with ST than with HM while the tunnelled line (P = 0.01) use was more frequent in children with HM as compared to ST. Most (n = 181) BSI cases were primary BSI. BSI associated with a tunnelled catheter was more frequent in children with HM (P < 0.01), whereas BSI associated with an implanted (P < 0.01) or temporary central line (P < 0.02) was more common in patients with ST. BSI associated with mucosal barrier injury was more frequent (P = 0.01) in children with HM. Indication for intensive care was more frequent in children (P = 0.05) with ST. Mortality ratio was similar in children with ST and HM, and length of hospital stay after BSI was higher in patients with HM than with ST (median of 19 vs. 13 days; P = 0.02). Infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria (P = 0.04) and polymicrobial infections (P = 0.05) due to Gram-positive cocci plus fungus was more common in patients with HM. These findings suggest that the characteristics of BSI acquisition and mortality can be cancer-specific.

Additional effect of coated sodium butyrate 30% in the piglets feeding during the nursery phase / Efeito adicional do butirato de sódio 30% revestido na alimentação de leitões durante a fase de creche

In this study, the objective was to assess the growth performance, rectal microbiological profile, serum and immunological standards, and incidence of diarrhoea in piglets in the nursery phase fed diets with and without the addition of coated sodium butyrate 30% (SB). A total of 80 crossbred piglets (40 entire males and 40 females), with an average initial body weight of 9.47 ± 1.03 kg, were distributed in a randomised block design, with four treatments repeated twice in the two blocks and five piglets of the same gender per experimental unit. The treatments comprised a combination of two feeds, formulated based on corn and soybean meal with and without 0.1% SB inclusion as an additional product, and both genders, fed from of the pre-starter I diet. SB did not affect (p > 0.05) the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of the piglets, but efficiently (p = 0.05) controlled the incidence of diarrhoea. The average values of the characteristics measured in the blood of the piglets were within the normal physiological parameters of the species. The inclusion of SB in commercial feed did not alter the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of nursery piglets under low sanitary challenge conditions. However, the organic acid efficiently reduced gastrointestinal disorders that cause diarrhoea, with diarrhoea incidence rates of 2.68 and 4.46% for piglets fed with and without the inclusion of the additional organic acid, respectively.(AU)

Neste estudo, o objetivo foi o de avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o perfil microbiológico retal, padrões imunológicos e no soro, e a incidência de diarreia em leitões na fase de creche alimentados com dietas adicionadas ou não do butirato de sódio 30% revestido (BS). Um total de 80 leitões mestiços (40 machos inteiros e 40 fêmeas), com um peso corporal médio inicial de 9,47 ± 1,03 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos repetidos duas vezes nos dois blocos e cinco suínos de mesmo sexo por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de duas rações formuladas à base de milho e farelo de soja, com e sem inclusão de 0,1% de BS como produto adicional, e dois sexos, alimentados a partir da dieta pré-inicial I. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) do BS no desempenho zootécnico e no perfil microbiológico retal dos leitões, mas houve eficiência do BS (p = 0,05) no controle da incidência de diarreia. Os valores médios das características mensuradas no sangue dos leitões estão dentro dos parâmetros fisiológicos normais da espécie. A inclusão de BS em rações comerciais não altera o desempenho zootécnico e o perfil microbiológico retal de leitões na fase de creche sob condições de baixo desafio sanitário. Entretanto, o ácido orgânico é eficiente na redução de distúrbios gastrointestinais causadores de diarreia, com proporções de incidência de diarreia de 2,68% e 4,46% para leitões alimentados com e sem inclusão do ácido orgânico adicional, respectivamente.(AU)

Additional effect of coated sodium butyrate 30% in the piglets feeding during the nursery phase / Efeito adicional do butirato de sódio 30% revestido na alimentação de leitões durante a fase de creche

In this study, the objective was to assess the growth performance, rectal microbiological profile, serum and immunological standards, and incidence of diarrhoea in piglets in the nursery phase fed diets with and without the addition of coated sodium butyrate 30% (SB). A total of 80 crossbred piglets (40 entire males and 40 females), with an average initial body weight of 9.47 ± 1.03 kg, were distributed in a randomised block design, with four treatments repeated twice in the two blocks and five piglets of the same gender per experimental unit. The treatments comprised a combination of two feeds, formulated based on corn and soybean meal with and without 0.1% SB inclusion as an additional product, and both genders, fed from of the pre-starter I diet. SB did not affect (p > 0.05) the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of the piglets, but efficiently (p = 0.05) controlled the incidence of diarrhoea. The average values of the characteristics measured in the blood of the piglets were within the normal physiological parameters of the species. The inclusion of SB in commercial feed did not alter the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of nursery piglets under low sanitary challenge conditions. However, the organic acid efficiently reduced gastrointestinal disorders that cause diarrhoea, with diarrhoea incidence rates of 2.68 and 4.46% for piglets fed with and without the inclusion of the additional organic acid, respectively.

Neste estudo, o objetivo foi o de avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o perfil microbiológico retal, padrões imunológicos e no soro, e a incidência de diarreia em leitões na fase de creche alimentados com dietas adicionadas ou não do butirato de sódio 30% revestido (BS). Um total de 80 leitões mestiços (40 machos inteiros e 40 fêmeas), com um peso corporal médio inicial de 9,47 ± 1,03 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos repetidos duas vezes nos dois blocos e cinco suínos de mesmo sexo por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de duas rações formuladas à base de milho e farelo de soja, com e sem inclusão de 0,1% de BS como produto adicional, e dois sexos, alimentados a partir da dieta pré-inicial I. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) do BS no desempenho zootécnico e no perfil microbiológico retal dos leitões, mas houve eficiência do BS (p = 0,05) no controle da incidência de diarreia. Os valores médios das características mensuradas no sangue dos leitões estão dentro dos parâmetros fisiológicos normais da espécie. A inclusão de BS em rações comerciais não altera o desempenho zootécnico e o perfil microbiológico retal de leitões na fase de creche sob condições de baixo desafio sanitário. Entretanto, o ácido orgânico é eficiente na redução de distúrbios gastrointestinais causadores de diarreia, com proporções de incidência de diarreia de 2,68% e 4,46% para leitões alimentados com e sem inclusão do ácido orgânico adicional, respectivamente.

Perfil Microbiológico de Infecciones Nosocomiales en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Clínico Viedma / Microbiological Profile of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Viedma

Objetivos: Determinar el perfil microbiológico, de los diferentes focos infecciosos aislados, su espectro antibiótico de sensibilidad y resistencia en pacientes de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Clínico Viedma. Métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, retrospectivo y descriptivo, con una muestra de 40 pacientes que presentaron infección nosocomial con cultivos positivos de los distintos focos infecciosos de aislamiento. Resultados: Todos los pacientes (n=40) fueron sujetos a instrumentalización invasiva, La infección nosocomial más predominante es la neumonía adquirida asociada a ventilador, seguida por las infecciones urinarias. Se aislaron la Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomona Aeruginosa, Acinetobacter Baumannii con sensibilidad al Imipenem y resistencia a la ciprofloxacina, en menor frecuencia el Sthaphylococo aureus SAMR., con sensibilidad a la Vancomicina, resistente a cefotaxima. Conclusiones: El 10% de los pacientes que se internaron en la UTI presentaron infección nosocomial, la instrumentalización invasiva, estadías hospitalarias prolongadas son factores predisponentes importantes.

Objectives:To determine the microbiological profile of the various isolated foci of infection, its antibiotic sensitivity spectrum and resistance in patients at the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Viedma. Methods: A quantitative approach, retrospective and descriptive, with a sample of 40 patients had nosocomial infections with positive cultures of various infectious, isolation. Results: All patients (n = 40) were subjected to invasive instrumentation, the most prevalent nosocomial infection is the ventilator associated acquired pneumonia followed by urinary tract infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii imipenem-sensitive and resistant to ciprofloxacin, less frequently in Sthaphylococo aureus MRSA. Sensitive to Vancomycin, cefotaxime resistance. Conclusions: 10% of patients who were admitted to the ICU had nosocomial infections, in which the invasive instrumentation, prolonged hospitalization are important predisposing factors.

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do soro de queijos Minas padrão e mozarela produzidos em quatro regiões do estado de Minas Gerais / Microbiological profile of the whey of "Minas padrão" and mozzarella cheese produced in Minas Gerais state (Brazil)

The microbiological profile of whey from the queijo-de-minas (Minas padrão) and mozzarella type cheeses produced in four of five most important regions of Minas Gerais state was studied. The contamination percentage found is serious, mainly in terms of the result found in coliforms count at 45ºC e coagulase-positive Staphylococci. The contamination of the whey would be too high, indicating the material as unsuitable for human consumption as well as for industrial means. Due to the lack of a specific identity and a quality pattern for cheese whey, the results can be taken as a base for standard developments, which are seen as necessary concerning the microbiological quality of such products.(AU)