Canasta alimentaria normativa: perspectivas actuales e implicaciones para la salud pública en Venezuela / Normative Food Basket current perspectives and implications for public health in Venezuela

La Canasta Alimentaria Normativa (CAN) es un instrumento estratégico de planificación y seguimiento, que impacta el ámbito económico (fijación del salario mínimo SM y del umbral de la pobreza relativa), la seguridad alimentaria y la salud pública. El objetivo fue describir la evolución histórica de la CAN en Venezuela, contrastando su valoración económica respecto al SM durante el período 1990 ­ 2023. Tipo de estudio: Descriptivo. Se empleó la CAN del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas/Instituto Nacional de Nutrición (INE/INN) y su comparación con la canasta del Centro de Documentación y Análisis Social de la Federación Venezolana de Maestros(CENDAS ­ FVM). Los valores mensuales de la CAN y del SM se recalcularon a dólares USA, de acuerdo a la tasa de cambio oficial. No se incluyó evaluación de la estructura interna, ni sus expresiones en términos de aporte de energía y nutrientes. Resultados: Desde 1990 hasta el año 2015, se requirieron entre1,0 y 1,8 SM y entre 0,6 y 1,7 Ingresos Mínimos Legales (IML)para acceder a la CAN. Para el año 2023 se requirieron hasta 78,3SM y 51,6 IML. El valor promedio de la canasta del CENDAS-FVM fue superior al valor de la CAN INE/INN, en una proporción de 1,7: 1. Conclusiones: la CAN resultó sensible en identificar los cambios y tendencias de su estimación económica, en el ambiente inflacionario venezolano. El uso de sus resultados está sujeta a cierto grado de discrecionalidad política. El costo de la CAN, expresa una contracción del poder de compra de los hogares venezolanos con potenciales impactos sobre la nutrición y la salud física y mental a corto y largo plazo.

The Normative Food Basket (NFB) represents astrategic planning and monitoring instrument, which impactsthe economic sphere (setting of the minimum wage (MW) andthe relative poverty threshold), food security and public health.The objective was to describe the historical evolution of the NFB in Venezuela, contrasting its economic valuation with respect to the MW during the period 1990 ­ 2023. Type of study: Descriptive. The NFB of the National Institute of Statistics/National Institute of Nutrition (NIS/NIN) was used and itscomparison with the basket of the Center for Documentationand Social Analysis of the Venezuelan Federation of Teachers (CENDAS ­ FVM). The monthly values of the NFB and theMW were recalculated into dollars (US$), according to theofficial exchange rate. No evaluation of the internal structurewas included, nor its expressions in terms of energy and nutrientcontribution. Results: From 1990 to 2015, between 1.0 and1.8 MW and between 0.6 and 1.7 Minimum Legal Income(MLI) were required to access the NFB. By 2023, up to 78.3MW and 51.6 MLI were required. The average value of the CENDAS-FVM basket was higher than the value of the NFBNIS/NIN, in a proportion of 1.7: 1. Conclusions: As a statistical operation, the NFB was sensitive in identifying changes andtrends in its estimate economic, in the Venezuelan inflationaryenvironment. The use of its results is subject to a certain degree ofpolitical discretion. The cost of CAN expresses a contraction inthe purchasing power of Venezuelan households with potentialimpacts on nutrition and physical/mental health in the shortand long term.

Formação do salário mínimo e os mínimos sociais necessários: sobre os direitos sociais e os impactos no 'Brasil de Bolsonaro' / Formation of the minimum wage and the necessary social minimums: on social rights and the impacts in 'Bolsonaro's Brazil'

Vislumbramos contribuir para o debate sobre os mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas no Brasil atual, onde o primeiro decreto do governo Bolsonaro resolveu sobre o Salário Mínimo. Fundamenta este artigo a Teoria Marxista da Dependência com a categoria superexploração, bem como as categorias mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas. O acirramento da precarização da vida e do trabalho, aliada a retirada de direitos, conformam um contexto que faz ampliar as expressões da questão social. Nesse interim, fica a reflexão sobre a atuação profissional, a fim de conjugar forças e resistências para o enfrentamento ao avanço do capital sobre as vidas humanas e da natureza

We aim to contribute to the debate on social minimums and human needs in present-day Brazil, where the initial decree of the Bolsonaro government addressed the Minimum Wage. This article is grounded in the Marxist Theory of Dependence, utilizing the concept of superexploitation, along with the categories of social minimums and human needs. The exacerbation of life and labor precarity, coupled with the erosion of rights, shapes a context that further magnifies the expressions of the social question. In the midst of this, there lies a reflection on professional engagement, with the goal of uniting forces and resistance to confront the encroachment of capital upon human lives and nature

Empobrecimento, fome e pandemia: o Auxílio Emergencial, o fim do Programa Bolsa Família e o Auxílio Brasil, 2019-2022 / Impoverishment, hunger, and pandemic: Emergency Aid, the end of the Bolsa Família Benefit, and its replacement, Auxílio Brasil, 2019-2022

Resumo O artigo aborda as escolhas políticas do governo brasileiro relacionadas aos programas sociais de transferência condicionada de renda feitas em meio à pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo é analisar como a implementação do Auxílio Emergencial, o fim do Programa Bolsa Família e a implementação do Auxílio Brasil estão relacionados ao rearranjo e ao desmanche da rede de proteção social brasileira diante da conjuntura de generalizado empobrecimento dos trabalhadores brasileiros. Espera-se não só apresentar um registro dessas ações, mas estabelecer chaves de leitura que, contextualizadas historicamente, permitam explicar a análise de tais ações em meio ao aprofundamento das políticas neoliberais no país.

Abstract This article addresses the political choices made by the Brazilian government concerning conditional cash transfer programs during the covid-19 pandemic. The aim is to analyze how the covid-related Emergency Aid (Auxílio Emergencial), the extinction of the Bolsa Família Program, and the implementation of its replacement, Auxílio Brasil, interacted in the rearrangement and dismantling of Brazil's social protection network in a broader context of a generalized impoverishment of Brazilian workers. The article not only presents a record of these actions, but also offers an interpretative approach that, historically contextualized, can shed light on these actions, which ran parallel to the deepening entrenchment of neoliberal policies in the country.