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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Videolaparoscopic esophagocardiomyotomy with fundoplication has been a widely used technique for the treatment of achalasia. This study analyzes the safety and effectiveness of the technique in the treatment of non-advanced achalasia (megaesophagus) in a Brazilian federal university public hospital. AIMS: To evaluate the short- and long-term results of videolaparoscopic treatment of non-advanced megaesophagus in a public university hospital in Brazil, employing the esophagocardiomyotomy technique with fundoplication. METHODS: The medical records of 44 patients who underwent surgical treatment for non-advanced achalasia at the Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU-MG), Minas Gerais, from January 2001 to July 2021 were analyzed. The following data were evaluated: gender, age, etiology, radiological classification of Rezende-Alves and Ferreira-Santos, immediate and late complications (mean follow-up of 31.4 months), need or not for conversion to open access, postoperative reflux, performance or not of endoscopic esophageal dilation in the preoperative period, postoperative mortality, frequency of pre and postoperative symptoms (persistent dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, vomiting, odynophagia, and weight loss), surgery time, hospital stay, duration of dysphagia, pre and postoperative weight, and Eckardt score. RESULTS: Among the analyzed patients, 23 (52.3%) were male, and 21 (47.7%) were female, with a mean age of 50.8 years. No early complications were recorded and there were 27.2% cases of late gastroesophageal reflux. Postoperative weight gain was 81.8% and the success rate of surgery according to the Eckardt score was 84.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagocardiomyotomy with fundoplication is an effective and safe technique for the treatment of non-advanced achalasia.
RESUMO RACIONAL: A esofagocardiomiotomia com fundoplicatura videolaparoscópica é uma técnica amplamente utilizada para o tratamento da acalasia. Este estudo avalia se esta técnica é segura e efetiva para o tratamento da acalasia não avançada (megaesôfago) em hospital público federal universitário. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar em um hospital universitário público no Brasil os resultados imediatos e tardios do tratamento videolaparoscópico do megaesôfago não avançado pela técnica de esofagocardiomiotomia com fundoplicatura. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 44 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento da acalasia não avançada no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU-MG) no período de janeiro de 2001 até julho de 2021. Avaliou-se: sexo, idade, etiologia, classificação radiológica de Rezende-Alves e Ferreira-Santos, complicações imediatas e tardias (seguimento médio de 31,4 meses), necessidade ou não de conversão para via aberta, refluxo pós-operatório, realização ou não de dilatação endoscópica do esôfago no pré-operatório, mortalidade pós-operatória, frequência dos sintomas no pré e pós-operatório (disfagia persistente, regurgitação, pirose, vômitos, odinofagia e emagrecimento), tempos de cirurgia, internação hospitalar, disfagia, peso pré e pós-operatório e escore de Eckardt. RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes analisados, 23 (52,3%) eram do sexo masculino e 21 (47,7%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 50,8 anos. Não foram registradas complicações precoces e houve 27,2% de casos de refluxo gastroesofágico. O ganho de peso no pós-operatório foi de 81,8% e a taxa de sucesso da cirurgia segundo o escore de Eckardt foi de 84,1%. CONCLUSÕES: A esofagocardiomiotomia com válvula antirrefluxo por videolaparoscopia é uma técnica eficaz e segura para o tratamento da acalasia não avançada.
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Introducción. La acalasia es un trastorno motor del esófago caracterizado por la ausencia de peristalsis y la alteración en la relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior. La cardiomiotomía laparoscópica de Heller más funduplicatura parcial es el tratamiento estándar. La mejoría sintomática ha sido bien documentada, pero no hay suficiente información objetiva respecto a los cambios fisiológicos y radiográficos luego del procedimiento. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte bidireccional de pacientes llevados a cardiomiotomía laparoscópica de Heller, entre los años 2018 y 2021, en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación de Medellín, Colombia. Se describen variables demográficas y clínicas. Se realizaron puntaje sintomático de Eckardt, manometría esofágica y radiografía de esófago en el pre y postoperatorio. Se hizo comparación de síntomas, presión basal del esfínter esofágico inferior, presión de relajación integrada y diámetro del esófago antes y después de la intervención. Resultados. Se incluyeron 24 pacientes. El 63 % fueron mujeres y la edad promedio fue de 44 años. Los valores promedio preoperatorios vs postoperatorios fueron: puntaje de Eckardt 10,6 vs 1,4 puntos (p<0,001), presión basal de 41,4 vs 18,1 mmHg (p=0,004) y presión de relajación integrada de 28,6 vs 12,5 mmHg (p=0,001). El diámetro del esófago no presentó cambios. No hubo correlación de síntomas con los cambios de presión del esfínter esofágico inferior. El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 20 meses. Conclusiones. La cardiomiotomía de Heller es un procedimiento altamente efectivo para el tratamiento definitivo de la acalasia, logrando una mejoría subjetiva y objetiva basada en síntomas y en parámetros de manometría, respectivamente
Introduction. Achalasia is a motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by the absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic Heller Ìs cardiomyotomy plus partial fundoplication is the standard treatment. Symptomatic improvement has been well documented, but there is insufficient objective information regarding physiologic and radiographic changes after the procedure. Methods. Bidirectional cohort study of patients underwent laparoscopic Heller Ìs cardiomyotomy between 2018 and 2021 at the San Vicente Fundación University Hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Demographic and clinical variables are described. Eckardt symptom score, esophageal manometry, and esophageal radiography were performed pre and postoperatively. A comparison of symptoms, baseline lower esophageal sphincter pressure, integrated relaxation pressure, and esophageal diameter before and after intervention were performed.Results. 24 patients were included. 63% were women and the average age was 44 years. The preoperative vs. postoperative mean values were: Eckardt score 10.6 vs. 1.4 points (p<0.001), basal pressure of 41.4 vs. 18.1 mmHg (p=0.004) and integrated relaxation pressure of 28.6 vs. 12.5 mmHg (p=0.001). The diameter of the esophagus did not present changes. There was no correlation of symptoms with lower esophageal sphincter pressure changes. The follow-up time was 20 months. Conclusions. Heller cardiomyotomy is a highly effective procedure for the definitive treatment of achalasia, achieving subjective and objective improvements, based on symptoms and manometry parameters, respectively
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Achalasia , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower , Laparoscopy , Heller Myotomy , ManometryABSTRACT
Introduction: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is widely recognized as the standard surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia. However, there is a lack of local data regarding the clinical characteristics of patients and the outcomes of this intervention. Methodology: This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent LHM over an eight-year period. Demographic, operative, and postoperative variables were assessed. The Eckardt score was used to compare symptoms before and after the intervention. Continuous variables were presented as means. Results: Among the 39 patients assessed, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 51% were male, with an average age of 48 years. The average lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 36 mmHg. The mean operative time and bleeding were 133 minutes and 34 mL, respectively. The average length of the myotomy was 8.3 cm. Partial fundoplication was performed in all cases, and intraoperative endoscopy was conducted in 88% of the cases. Two intraoperative mucosal perforations occurred. The average length of hospital stay was 2.7 days. There was one medical complication but no mortality. Dysphagia significantly improved by 95%, and the mean Eckardt score decreased from 7.7 to 1.2 after surgery (p < 0.001). The average follow-up period was 24 months. Conclusion: LHM with partial fundoplication proves to be an effective and safe procedure for treating achalasia. It results in the resolution of dysphagia in 95% of cases and carries minimal morbidity. Therefore, LHM should be considered the definitive treatment of choice for achalasia.
Introducción: la miotomía de Heller laparoscópica (MHL) se considera el tratamiento quirúrgico estándar en acalasia esofágica. A nivel local se desconocen las características clínicas de los pacientes y los resultados de la intervención. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo que incluye pacientes llevados a MHL durante un periodo de 8 años. Se analizaron variables demográficas, operatorias y posoperatorias. Mediante el puntaje de Eckardt se compararon síntomas antes y después de la intervención. Las variables continuas se expresan en promedios. Resultados: 27 de 39 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El 51% fueron hombres y el promedio de edad fue de 48 años. La presión promedio del esfínter esofágico inferior fue de 36 mm Hg. El promedio de tiempo operatorio y sangrado fue de 133 minutos y 34 mL, respectivamente. La longitud promedio de la miotomía fue de 8,3 cm. Se adicionó funduplicatura parcial en todos los casos y en el 88% se realizó una endoscopia intraoperatoria. Se presentaron 2 perforaciones intraoperatorias de la mucosa. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue 2,7 días. Hubo una complicación médica y ninguna mortalidad. La disfagia mejoró en el 95% y el promedio del puntaje de Eckardt disminuyó de 7,7 a 1,2 luego de cirugía (p < 0,001). El seguimiento fue de 24 meses en promedio. Conclusión: la MHL con funduplicatura parcial es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro para el tratamiento de la acalasia. Se asocia a resolución de la disfagia en el 95% de los casos, su morbilidad es mínima y debe considerarse el tratamiento definitivo de elección.
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Introducción. La acalasia es un trastorno motor del esófago poco común, de etiología no clara, caracterizado por la pérdida de relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior, pérdida del peristaltismo normal, regurgitación y disfagia. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura en revistas científicas y bases de datos en español e inglés, con el fin de presentar información actualizada en lo referente al diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta patología. Resultado. Se presenta la actualización de los criterios de los trastornos motores esofágicos según la clasificación de Chicago (CCv4.0) para el diagnóstico de acalasia y sus subtipos de acuerdo con los nuevos criterios, así como los tratamientos actuales. Conclusión. La acalasia es un trastorno esofágico multimodal, con manifestaciones de predominio gastrointestinal, por lo que su diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico oportuno es esencial para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes
Introduction. Achalasia is a rare motor disorder of the esophagus of unclear etiology, characterized by loss of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, loss of normal peristalsis, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Methods. A narrative review of the literature in scientific journals and databases in Spanish and English was carried out, in order to present updated information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Result. The update of the Chicago esophageal motor disorders criteria (CCv4.0) is presented for the diagnosis of achalasia and its subtypes according to the new criteria, as well as current treatments. Conclusion. Achalasia is a multimodal esophageal disorder, with predominantly gastrointestinal manifestations, so its timely diagnosis and therapeutic approach is essential to improve the quality of life of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Achalasia , Heller Myotomy , Deglutition Disorders , Classification , ManometryABSTRACT
El dominio de procedimientos avanzados en laparoscopia es fundamental para los cirujanos, por ello el entrenamiento es imprescindible. La miotomía de Heller y funduplicatura de Dor requieren el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas para realizar la cirugía de forma segura y eficaz, superar la curva de aprendizaje es un reto para el cirujano en formación, por lo que se propone el esófago porcino como modelo ex vivo de entrenamiento laparoscópico, con el fin de permitir desarrollar las habilidades necesarias y así llevar a cabo con éxito el procedimiento quirúrgico.Objetivo : Aplicar el esófago porcino como modelo ex vivo para el entrenamiento laparoscópico de la miotomía de Heller y funduplicatura de Dor.Métodos : Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, experimental y longitudinal, aplicado en un período de 17 semanas, en sesiones de 1 hora cada una, una sesión por semana.Resultados : Se llevaron a cabo 17 prácticas realizadas por el autor, evaluadas por cirujanos expertos, observando un aumento de la puntuación obtenida en la escala GOALS y disminución del tiempo de ejecución a medida que aumentaba el número de prácticas con una correlación altamente significativa, según la tau-B de Kendall (p=0,000).Conclusión : El modelo ex vivo permitió recrear la mayoría de los pasos quirúrgicos y demostró ser una herramienta útil y valiosa, disminuyendo el tiempo de ejecución del procedimiento y aumentando significativamente las habilidades laparoscópicas(AU)
Mastery of advanced procedures in laparoscopy is important for surgeons, therefore training is essential. Heller's myotomy and Dor's fundoplication require the development of abilities and skills to perform the surgery safely and effectively, overcoming the learning curve is a challenge for the surgeon in training, so the porcine esophagus is proposed as an ex vivo model of laparoscopic training in order to develop the necessary skills to successfully carry out the surgical procedure. Objective: To apply the porcine esophagus as an ex vivo model for laparoscopic training of Heller's myotomy and Dor's fundoplication. Methods: A prospective, experimental and longitudinal study was carried out, applied by the authors in a period of 17 weeks, in sessions of 1 hour each, one session per week. Results: 17 practices carried out by the author were carried out, evaluated by expert surgeons, observing an increase in the score obtained on the GOALS scale and a decrease in execution time as the number of practices with a high significant influence increase, according to Kendall's tau-B (p=0.000). Conclusion: The ex vivo model allowed recreating most of the surgical steps and stood out as a useful and valuable tool, decreasing the execution time of the procedure and significantly increasing laparoscopic skills(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Laparoscopy , Esophagus/anatomy & histology , Simulation Training , Heller Myotomy/instrumentation , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objetivo Describir la experiencia del abordaje robótico en la cirugía de la acalasia en un centro de tercer nivel. Material y métodos Se analizaron los pacientes con acalasia intervenidos mediante cirugía robótica entre mayo de 2010 y abril de 2019. Las variables a estudio se recogieron en una base de datos prospectiva y se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados Se incluyeron 45 pacientes (55,6% varones) con edad media de 44 años. El síntoma principal al diagnóstico fue la disfagia. Diecinueve pacientes (42,2%) habían recibido tratamiento endoscópico previo a la cirugía, mayoritariamente dilatación neumática (84,2%). La técnica quirúrgica empleada fue la miotomía de Heller asociada a funduplicatura tipo Toupet, con un tiempo operatorio medio de 211 minutos. La estancia media fue 5 días. Se produjeron 2 perforaciones postoperatorias (4,4%). La mortalidad peroperatoria fue del 0%. El seguimiento medio fue de 64 meses. A 3 y 5 años se evidenció una importante disminución del Eckardt score y el estudio manométrico mostró una disminución de la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior en reposo media del 58% y del 70%, respectivamente, con persistencia de hipomotilidad del cuerpo esofágico. En dos pacientes (5,4%) se diagnosticó reflujo gastroesofágico patológico y 4 (10,8%) presentaron recurrencia de los síntomas, requiriendo dilataciones neumáticas endoscópicas. En 2 casos las dilataciones no fueron efectivas por lo que se planteó la realización de una miotomía endoscópica. Conclusiones Según nuestra experiencia, la cirugía robótica constituye un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de la acalasia (AU)
Objective To describe the experience of the robotic approach for achalasia surgery in a tertiary center. Material and methods Patients with achalasia who underwent robotic surgery between May 2010 and April 2019 were analyzed. The study variables were collected in a prospective database and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results 45 patients (55.6% male) with a mean age of 44 years were included. The main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia. 19 patients (42.2%) received endoscopic treatment prior to surgery, mostly pneumatic dilation (84.2%). Heller's myotomy associated with Toupet fundoplication was the surgical technique of choice, with a mean operative time of 211minutes. The average stay was 5 days. There were 2 postoperative perforations (4.4%). Perioperative mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 64 months. At 3 and 5 years, a significant decrease in the Eckardt score was observed and the manometric study showed a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure at rest of 58% and 70%, respectively, with persistence of hypomotility of the esophageal body. Pathological gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed in two patients (5.4%) and 4 (10.8%) presented recurrence of symptoms, requiring endoscopic pneumatic dilations. In 2 cases, the dilations were not effective, so an endoscopic myotomy was considered. Conclusions In our experience, robotic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of achalasia (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Fundoplication/methods , Heller Myotomy/methods , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Treatment Outcome , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of the robotic approach for achalasia surgery in a tertiary center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with achalasia who underwent robotic surgery between May 2010 and April 2019 were analyzed. The study variables were collected in a prospective database and a descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: 45 patients (55.6% male) with a mean age of 44 years were included. The main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia. 19 patients (42.2%) received endoscopic treatment prior to surgery, mostly pneumatic dilation (84.2%). Heller's myotomy associated with Toupet fundoplication was the surgical technique of choice, with a mean operative time of 211 min. The average stay was 5 days. There were 2 postoperative perforations (4.4%). Perioperative mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 64 months. At 3 and 5 years, a significant decrease in the Eckardt score was observed and the manometric study showed a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure at rest of 58% and 70%, respectively, with persistence of hypomotility of the esophageal body. Pathological gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed in two patients (5.4%) and 4 (10.8%) presented recurrence of symptoms, requiring endoscopic pneumatic dilations. In 2 cases, the dilations were not effective, so an endoscopic myotomy was considered. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, robotic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of achalasia.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Achalasia , Heller Myotomy , Myotomy , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Adult , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Female , Fundoplication/methods , Heller Myotomy/methods , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: present a new operative technique characterized by abdominal esophagocardiectomy, with esophagogastrus anastomosis, vagal preservation and spiral anti-reflux valve construction in the treatment of advanced megaesophagus in patients with severe systemic diseases, as well as its result in an initial group of 17 patients. Method: We selected 17 patients with advanced megaesophagus and comorbidities submitted to new technique. The following parameters were analyzed: age, sex, length of hospital stay, early and late complications, mortality, radiological/endoscopic aspects. Results: twelve male patients (70%) and five (30%) were operated on, with mean age of 51.5 years and mean hospital stay of 14.8 days. There was no mortality in the immediate intraoperative or postoperative period and there were no cases of postoperative fistula. During hospitalization there was one case of pulmonary atelectasis (5.8%), one of pleural effusion (5.8%), two of wall infection (11.7%) and one of urinary retention (5.8%). Discussion: We believe it to be an easy technique, made exclusively by the abdominal route, that is, without violating the thoracic cavity. Such a procedure would be beneficial in patients with advanced megaesophagus and important comorbidities, as well as in those with a history of previous surgeries. Conclusion: the technique described was easy to perform and safe, when performed by an experienced team, with low morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced megaesophagus and important comorbidities, which could increase your complications with more invasive and complex surgeries.
RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar uma nova técnica caracterizada por esofagocardiectomia abdominal com esofagogastro anastomose, preservação vagal e construção de válvula antirrefluxo em espiral no tratamento do megaesôfago avançado de pacientes com doenças sistêmicas graves, assim como seu resultado em grupo inicial de 17 pacientes. Método: foram selecionados 17 pacientes com megaesôfago avançado e comorbidades submetidos a nova técnica. Os seguintes parâmetros analisados foram: idade, sexo, tempo de permanência hospitalar, complicações precoces e tardias, mortalidade, aspectos radiológicos/endoscópicos. Resultados: foram operados 12 (70%) pacientes do sexo masculino e 5 (30%) do sexo feminino, com idade média foi de 51,5 anos e tempo de permanência hospitalar médio de 14,8 dias. Não houve mortalidade no intraoperatório ou pós-operatório imediato e não houve casos de fìstula. Durante a internação houve um caso de atelectasia pulmonar (5,8%), um de derrame pleural (5,8%), dois de infecção de parede (11,7%) e um de retenção urinária (5,8%). Discussão: acreditamos ser uma técnica de fácil realização, feita exclusivamente por via abdominal, ou seja, sem violar a cavidade torácica. Tal procedimento seria benéfico em pacientes com megaesôfago avançado e comorbidades importantes, assim como naqueles com história de cirurgias prévias. Conclusão: a técnica descrita mostrou-se de fácil execução e segura, quando realizada por equipe experiente, com baixa morbimortalidade em pacientes com megaesôfago avançado e comorbidades importantes, o que poderia aumentar suas complicações com cirurgias mais invasivas e complexas.
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Introducción: La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad emergente, caracterizada por infiltración del esófago por leucocitos eosinófilos. Sus principales síntomas son la disfagia y las frecuentes impactaciones de alimento en el esófago. Actualmente existen evidencias científicas que reconocen la enfermedad como causa posible de evolución no favorable en pacientes después de miotomía de Héller. Objetivo: Describir las evidencias biomoleculares que asocian la esofagitis eosinofílica y la acalasia esofágica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y crítica de las evidencias sobre los mecanismos biomoleculares asociados a la esofagitis eosinofílica y la acalasia esofágica. Se consultaron artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2020 e indexados en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y Scopus. Análisis e integración de la información: Se discute sobre cuestiones medulares que han sido publicadas recientemente respecto al tema en cuestión. ¿Pueden coexistir la esofagitis eosinofílica y la acalasia esofágica? ¿Influye la esofagitis eosinofílica en el resultado del tratamiento de la acalasia esofágica? ¿Qué investigaciones serían necesarias para establecer la relación entre las dos enfermedades? Conclusiones: Los mecanismos celulares y biomoleculares desencadenados por la infiltración eosinofílica contextualizan la diferencia etiológica y fisiopatológica de la esofagitis eosinofílica y la acalasia esofágica, lo cual sustenta la evolución desfavorable posmiotomía de los pacientes y motiva la realización de estudios prospectivos y controlados con el fin de ofrecer una mejor calidad de vida(AU)
Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis is an emerging disease characterized by infiltration of the esophagus by eosinophilic leukocytes. Its main symptoms are dysphagia and frequent food impaction in the esophagus. Scientific evidence is now available that recognizes the disease as the possible cause of unfavorable evolution in patients undergoing Heller myotomy. Objective: Describe the biomolecular evidence associating eosinophilic esophagitis to esophageal achalasia. Methods: A systematic critical review was conducted of the evidence about biomolecular mechanisms associated to eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal achalasia. The articles consulted were published in the databases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Scopus from 2015 to 2020. Data analysis and integration: A discussion is provided about crucial questions published recently concerning the study topic: Can eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal achalasia coexist? Does eosinophilic esophagitis influence the result of esophageal achalasia treatment? What studies are required to establish the relationship between the two conditions? Conclusions: The cellular and biomolecular mechanisms triggered by eosonophilic infiltration contextualize the etiological and pathophysiological difference between eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal achalasia. This explains the unfavorable post-myotomy evolution of patients and encourages the conduct of prospective controlled studies aimed at enhancing quality of life(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Motility Disorders/complications , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Esophageal Achalasia , Eosinophilic Esophagitis , Heller Myotomy/methods , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of the robotic approach for achalasia surgery in a tertiary center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with achalasia who underwent robotic surgery between May 2010 and April 2019 were analyzed. The study variables were collected in a prospective database and a descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: 45 patients (55.6% male) with a mean age of 44 years were included. The main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia. 19 patients (42.2%) received endoscopic treatment prior to surgery, mostly pneumatic dilation (84.2%). Heller's myotomy associated with Toupet fundoplication was the surgical technique of choice, with a mean operative time of 211minutes. The average stay was 5 days. There were 2 postoperative perforations (4.4%). Perioperative mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 64 months. At 3 and 5 years, a significant decrease in the Eckardt score was observed and the manometric study showed a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure at rest of 58% and 70%, respectively, with persistence of hypomotility of the esophageal body. Pathological gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed in two patients (5.4%) and 4 (10.8%) presented recurrence of symptoms, requiring endoscopic pneumatic dilations. In 2 cases, the dilations were not effective, so an endoscopic myotomy was considered. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, robotic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of achalasia.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility esophageal disorder characterized by failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. The conventional treatment option for achalasia has been laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). However, in 2010, Inoue et al. described peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a minimally invasive procedure, as an alternative therapy. To date, some studies with small sample sizes have aimed to compare outcomes of LHM vs POEM. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of these two techniques. METHODS: Individualized search strategies were developed from inception through April 2019 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Variables analyzed included operative time, overall adverse events rate, post-procedure gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hospitalization length, post-procedure pain score, and Eckardt Score reduction. RESULTS: Twelve cohort trials were selected, consisting of 893 patients (359 in POEM group and 534 in LHM.) No randomized clinical trials were available. There was no difference in operative time (MD= -10,26, 95% CI (-5,6 to 8,2), P<0.001) or Post-Operative Gastroesophageal Reflux (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: (-0.09, 0.09), I2: 0%). There was decreased length of hospital stay for POEM (MD: -0.6, 95% CI (-1.11, -0.09), P=0.02), and an increased mean reduction in Eckardt score in POEM patients (MD = -0.257, 95% CI: (-0.512 to -0.002), P=0.048), with similar rates of adverse events. CONCLUSION: POEM demonstrated similar results compared to laparoscopic Heller myotomy with regards to improvement of dysphagia, post-procedure reflux, and surgical time, with the benefit of shorter length of hospital stay. Therefore, POEM can be considered an option for patients with achalasia.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A acalasia é um distúrbio esofágico da motilidade neurodegenerativa caracterizado por falha no relaxamento do esfíncter esofágico inferior (EEI). A opção de tratamento convencional para acalasia tem sido a miotomia laparoscópica de Heller (LHM). No entanto, em 2010, Inoue et al. descreveram a miotomia endoscópica peroral (POEM), um procedimento minimamente invasivo, como uma terapia alternativa. Até o momento, poucos estudos com amostras pequenas tiveram como objetivo comparar os resultados do LHM versus POEM. OBJETIVO: Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise para melhor avaliar a eficácia e segurança dessas duas técnicas. MÉTODOS: Estratégias de busca individualizadas foram desenvolvidas desde o início até abril de 2019, de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. As variáveis analisadas incluíram tempo operatório, taxa global de eventos adversos, doença de refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) pós-procedimento, tempo de internação, escore de dor pós-procedimento e redução do escore de Eckardt. RESULTADOS: Doze estudos de coorte foram selecionados, consistindo em 893 pacientes (359 no grupo POEM e 524 no LHM). Nenhum ensaio clínico randomizado estava disponível. Não houve diferença no tempo operatório (MD = -10,26, IC 95% (-5,6 a 8,2), P<0,001) ou refluxo gastroesofágico pós-operatório (RD: -0,00, 95% IC: (-0,09, 0,09), I2: 0%). Houve diminuição do tempo de permanência hospitalar para POEM (MD: -0,6, 95% CI (-1,11, -0,09), P=0,02) e um aumento da redução média no escore de Eckardt em pacientes POEM (MD= -0,257, IC95%: (-0,512 a -0,002), P=0,048), com taxas similares de eventos adversos. CONCLUSÃO: O POEM demonstrou resultados semelhantes aos da miotomia a Heller por videolaparoscopia, com melhora da disfagia, do refluxo pós-procedimento e tempo cirúrgico, com o benefício de menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Portanto, o POEM pode ser considerado uma opção para pacientes com acalasia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Esophagoscopy/methods , Myotomy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Operative Time , Length of StayABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the surgical treatment of patients with recurrent megaesophagus followed at the esophageal-stomach-duodenal outpatient clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas - UNICAMP. Methods: a retrospective study, from 2011 to 2017, with 26 patients with Chagas or idiopathic megaesophagus, surgically treated, and who recurred with dysphagia. Clinical, endoscopic and radiographic aspects were assessed and correlated with the performed surgical procedures. Results: 50% had dysphagia for liquids, 69% regurgitation, 65.3% heartburn, 69.2% weight loss and 69.2% had Chagas disease. In addition, 38.4% had megaesophagus stage 1 and 2 and 61.5% stage 3 and 4. Regarding the reoperations, 53% of them underwent Heller-Pinotti surgery by laparoscopy, Serra-Dória in 30.7% and esophageal mucosectomy in 7.9%. In 72% of the reoperations there were no postoperative complications, and 80% of the patients had a good outcome, with reduction or elimination of dysphagia. Among the reoperated patients undergoing the laparoscopic Heller-Pinotti technique, three reported little improvement of dysphagia in the postoperative period and among those who underwent Serra-Dória surgery, 100% had no dysphagia. It was observed that, when the time between the first procedure and the reoperation was longer, the better the surgical result was, with statistical significant decreased dysphagia (p=0.0013, p<0.05). Conclusions: there was a preference to perform laparoscopic re-miotomy and, as a second option, Serra-Dória surgery, for patients with recurrent megaesophagus. Esophagectomy or esophageal mucosectomy were reserved for more severe patients.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes com megaesôfago recidivado acompanhados no ambulatório de cirurgia de esôfago-estômago-duodeno do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP. Métodos: estudo restrospectivo no período de 2011 a 2017, com 26 pacientes portadores de megaesôfago chagásico ou idiopático, tratados cirurgicamente e que evoluíram com recidiva da disfagia. Foram avaliados aspectos clínicos, endoscópicos e radiográficos, sendo correlacionados com os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados. Resultados: 50% apresentava disfagia para líquidos, 69% regurgitação, 65,3% pirose, 69,2% perda de peso e 69,2% era chagásico. Além disso, 38,4% apresentavam megaesôfago estágio 1 e 2 e 61,5% estágio 3 e 4. Quanto às reoperações, em 53% foi realizada a cirurgia de Heller-Pinotti videolaparoscópica, seguida de Serra-Dória em 30,7% e mucosectomia esofágica em 7,9%. Em 72% das reoperações não houve complicações pós-operatórias e 80% tiveram evolução satisfatória com redução ou ausência da disfagia. Dentre os pacientes reoperados pela técnica de Heller-Pinotti videolaparoscópica, três referiram pouca melhora da disfagia no pós-operatório. Dentre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de Serra-Dória, 100% tiveram evolução satisfatória da disfagia. Foi observado nos pacientes com o tempo entre a primeira cirurgia e a reoperação mais longo, um melhor resultado cirúrgico com diminuição da disfagia, com relevância estatística (p=0,0013, p<0,05). Conclusão: houve preferência nas reoperações de megaesôfago pela realização de re-miotomia por videolaparoscopia e, como segunda opção, a cirurgia de Serra-Dória. A esofagectomia ou mucosectomia esofágica foram reservadas para os casos mais avançados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Esophagectomy/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Recurrence , Reoperation , Esophageal Achalasia/etiology , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Esophagus/surgeryABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La miotomía de Heller laparoscópica es considerada en la actualidad el tratamiento de elección para el alivio de la disfagia. Se ha demostrado que gracias a ella se logra una baja incidencia de reflujo gastroesofágico y una mejoría evidente de la calidad de vida Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y evolución clínica de los pacientes después de la miotomía de Heller con fundoplicatura de Dor. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de índice de calidad de vida gastrointestinal a pacientes operados de acalasia esofágica desde enero del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2017 en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. Se aplicó un cuestionario en el preoperatorio y al año de operados. Análisis estadístico: Porcentajes para variables cualitativas, media ± desviación estándar o mediana y rango según corresponda para las cuantitativas, para la comparación de los resultados del cuestionario se emplearon pruebas de hipótesis de comparación de medias, con nivel de significación estadística α= 0,05. Resultados: Fueron incluidos en el estudio 101 pacientes. Las edades oscilaban entre 18 y 78 años con una media de 47 años. El tiempo medio de evolución de los síntomas fue de 62 meses, con una media de 3,3 en la escala de disfagia y una presión de reposo del esfínter esofágico inferior (mmHg) 38,7 ± 16,8, se obtuvo un GIQLI inicial de 85,3 ± 20,4 que aumentó al año a 131,6 ± 10,5 Conclusiones: La miotomía de Heller con fundoplicatura de Dor, mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes con acalasia esofágica con una evolución clínica excelente(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is now considered the treatment of choice for the relief of dysphagia. It has been shown that thanks to it a low incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and evident improvement in the quality of life is achieved. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and clinical evolution of patients after Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication. Method: Prospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational study carried out by applying the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) questionnaire to patients operated on for esophageal achalasia, from January 2010 to December 2017, at the National Center for Minimum Access Surgery. The questionnaire was applied preoperatively and one year after surgery. Statistical analysis: Percentages for qualitative variables, mean and standard deviation, or median and range, as appropriate for quantitative variables. For the comparison of the results of the questionnaire, we used tests of hypothesis of comparison of means, with statistical significance level of 0.05. Results: The ages ranged between 18 and 78 years, with an average of 47 years. The mean time of evolution of symptoms was 62 months, with an average of 3.3 on the dysphagia scale and a resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (mmHg) 38.7±16.8. An initial gastrointestinal quality of life index of 85.3±20.4 was obtained, which increased to 131.6±10.5 per year. Conclusions: Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication improves the quality of life of patients with esophageal achalasia and guarantees an excellent clinical evolution(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Heller Myotomy/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La acalasia es el trastorno motor primario más frecuente del esófago. Su incidencia reportada es baja, aún más en pacientes pediátricos. La miotomía de Heller laparoscópica corresponde al estándar actual de tratamiento. Durante los últimos años la miotomía endoscópica por vía oral (POEM) se ha posicionado como una alternativa terapéutica segura y tan efectiva como el Heller para la acalasia esofágica. OBJETIVO: Describir la técnica de POEM y reportar el primer caso pediátrico en nuestro país. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 11 años, previamente sano, que se presentó con disfagia ilógica progresiva y baja de peso. El estudio concluyó una acalasia tipo II. Fue sometido a POEM y cursó un postoperatorio sin incidentes. A un año de la intervención se ha documentado resolución de la sintomatología, seguimiento endoscópico y manométrico sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: El caso descrito corresponde al primer POEM en un paciente pediátrico en nuestro país. La acalasia esofágica es infrecuente en pediatría y el POEM ha demostrado éxito clínico y seguridad comparables a la miotomía de Heller laparoscópica en el corto y mediano plazo. El seguimiento a largo plazo permitirá determinar su rol definitivo en el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con acalasia esofágica.
INTRODUCTION: Achalasia is the most common primary motor disorder of the esophagus. Its reported incidence is low, even more in pediatric patients. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is the current stan dard of treatment. During the last years, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been positioned as a safe and effective therapeutic alternative as the Heller procedure for esophageal achalasia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the POEM technique and report the first pediatric case in our country. CLINICAL CASE: 11-year-old patient, previously healthy, who presented with progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids and weight loss. The study concluded a type II achalasia. The patient underwent a POEM and had a postoperative course without incidents. One year after the intervention, symptomatic, endoscopic and manometric resolution have been documented. CONCLUSIONS: The described case is the first POEM in a pediatric patient in our country. Esophageal achalasia is uncommon in pediatrics and POEM has demonstrated clinical success and safety comparable to laparoscopic Heller myotomy in short and medium term. Long-term follow-up will determine its definitive role in the treatment of pediatric patients with esophageal achalasia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , PyloromyotomyABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: la miotomía endoscópica por vía oral (POEM) se diseñó inicialmente para el manejo de la acalasia, que es un trastorno crónico y progresivo de la motilidad esofágica con hipertensión del esfínter esofágico inferior (EEI), para la cual el manejo estándar, hasta ahora, ha sido la cirugía de Heller; sin embargo, esta nueva técnica ofrece resultados muy comparables y prometedores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con acalasia operados por POEM en una institución de Colombia por un solo cirujano endoscopista. Resultados: se encontraron 4 pacientes con acalasia, todas con Eckardt ≥10 y presión EEI ≥30 mm Hg; el tiempo quirúrgico osciló entre 81-120 minutos; en el seguimiento, la reducción en la presión del EEI fue mayor al 50% prácticamente en todos los pacientes, encontrando valores cercanos a la normalidad y con resultados de Eckardt que demuestran éxito en la terapia POEM a los 2 meses de evaluación. Las complicaciones fueron resueltas en el intraoperatorio, con mortalidad de 0%. Conclusiones: El manejo de la acalasia mediante POEM ha demostrado ser una técnica eficaz y segura. Nuestros primeros hallazgos concuerdan con los resultados descritos en la literatura. Este es el primer paso para la implementación de este novedoso abordaje en el manejo de la acalasia en la población colombiana.
Abstract Introduction: Peroral endoscopic myotomies (POEMs) were initially designed to manage achalasia, a chronic and progressive esophageal motility disorder with lower esophageal sphincter hypertension (LES). Until recently, standard treatment had been Heller's surgery, but this new technique offers very promising pressure. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of the clinical histories of patients with achalasia who underwent POEM performed by one endoscopic surgeon at a Colombian institution. Results: Four patients with achalasia were found. All had Eckardt scores of ten or more and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure of 30mm Hg or more. Surgical times ranged between 81 and 120 minutes. Follow-up examinations found that LES pressure had decreased by more than 50% in practically all patients. Eckardt scores were close to normal. This demonstrates success of POEM therapy after two months of evaluation. Complications were resolved intraoperatively without mortality. Conclusions: Management of achalasia by POEM has proven to be a safe and effective technique. Our first findings agree with the results described in the literature. This is the first step in the implementation of this novel approach for management of achalasia in our Colombian population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Esophageal Achalasia , Myotomy , Esophageal Motility DisordersABSTRACT
Introducción: la cardiomiotomía de Heller asociada al proceder antirreflujo descrito por Dor constituye el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con acalasia esofágica; sin embargo, las causas del fracaso del tratamiento aún son controversiales. Objetivo: describir las causas del fracaso de la miotomía de Heller en pacientes operados por acalasia esofágica y la evolución clínica de los pacientes reintervenidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de una serie de pacientes reintervenidos por fracaso de la miotomía de Heller en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se les realizó miotomía de Heller a 253 pacientes con diagnóstico de acalasia esofágica. De ellos, 7 (2,7 por ciento) fueron reintervenidos por recurrencia de los síntomas, 4 (1,5 por ciento) fueron operados inicialmente en la institución y el resto fueron remitidos de otras instituciones del país. La edad media fue de 41 ± 15 años (rango 20-59). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la disfagia posoperatoria y la pérdida de peso (100 por ciento). El tiempo de recurrencia de los síntomas después de la primera operación fue de 6-12 meses en 4 (57 por ciento), de 12 a 18 meses en 1 (16 por ciento) y de 18 a 24 en 2 (33 por ciento) pacientes. Conclusiones: la miotomía incompleta fue la causa principal de reintervención. La remiotomia laparoscópica con o sin fundoplicatura fue la técnica quirúrgica de elección para estos pacientes los cuales tuvieron una evolución clínica excelente o buena en el posoperatorio(AU)
Introduction: Heller's cardiomyotomy associated with the antireflux procedure described by Dor is the treatment of choice in patients with esophageal achalasia. However, the causes of treatment failure are still controversial. Objective: To describe the causes of failure of Heller's myotomy in patients operated for esophageal achalasia and the clinical progress of patients who required another surgery. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was performed in a series of patients who required another surgery due to failed Heller's myotomy at the National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery from January 2010 to December 2016. Results: Heller's myotomy was performed in 253 patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia. Among these patients, 7 (2.7 percent) required another surgery due to the relapse of symptoms, 4 (1.5 percent) were initially operated at the institution, and the rest were referred from other institutions in the country. The average age was 41±15 years (range 20-59). The most frequent symptoms were postoperative dysphagia and weight loss (100 percent). The time of symptoms relapse after the first surgery was 6-12 months in 4 patients (57 percent), 12-18 months in 1 (16 percent) and 18-24 months in 2 (33 percent) patients. Conclusions: Incomplete myotomy was the main cause of reintervention, laparoscopic myotomy with or without fundoplication being the surgical technique of choice for these patients, who had an excellent or good postoperative clinical evolution(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnosis , Heller Myotomy/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Reoperation , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: la cardiomiotomía de Heller asociada al proceder antirreflujo descrito por Dor constituye el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con acalasia esofágica; sin embargo, las causas del fracaso del tratamiento aún son controversiales. Objetivo: describir las causas del fracaso de la miotomía de Heller en pacientes operados por acalasia esofágica y la evolución clínica de los pacientes reintervenidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de una serie de pacientes reintervenidos por fracaso de la miotomía de Heller en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se les realizó miotomía de Heller a 253 pacientes con diagnóstico de acalasia esofágica. De ellos, 7 (2,7 por ciento) fueron reintervenidos por recurrencia de los síntomas, 4 (1,5 por ciento) fueron operados inicialmente en la institución y el resto fueron remitidos de otras instituciones del país. La edad media fue de 41 ± 15 años (rango 20-59). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la disfagia posoperatoria y la pérdida de peso (100 por ciento). El tiempo de recurrencia de los síntomas después de la primera operación fue de 6-12 meses en 4 (57 por ciento), de 12 a 18 meses en 1 (16 por ciento) y de 18 a 24 en 2 (33 por ciento) pacientes. Conclusiones: la miotomía incompleta fue la causa principal de reintervención. La remiotomia laparoscópica con o sin fundoplicatura fue la técnica quirúrgica de elección para estos pacientes los cuales tuvieron una evolución clínica excelente o buena en el posoperatorio(AU)
Introduction: Heller's cardiomyotomy associated with the antireflux procedure described by Dor is the treatment of choice in patients with esophageal achalasia. However, the causes of treatment failure are still controversial. Objective: To describe the causes of failure of Heller's myotomy in patients operated for esophageal achalasia and the clinical progress of patients who required another surgery. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was performed in a series of patients who required another surgery due to failed Heller's myotomy at the National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery from January 2010 to December 2016. Results: Heller's myotomy was performed in 253 patients diagnosed with esophageal achalasia. Among these patients, 7 (2.7 percent) required another surgery due to the relapse of symptoms, 4 (1.5 percent) were initially operated at the institution, and the rest were referred from other institutions in the country. The average age was 41±15 years (range 20-59). The most frequent symptoms were postoperative dysphagia and weight loss (100 percent). The time of symptoms relapse after the first surgery was 6-12 months in 4 patients (57 percent), 12-18 months in 1 (16 percent) and 18-24 months in 2 (33 percent) patients. Conclusions: Incomplete myotomy was the main cause of reintervention, laparoscopic myotomy with or without fundoplication being the surgical technique of choice for these patients, who had an excellent or good postoperative clinical evolution(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnosis , Heller Myotomy/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen: Presentamos el caso de una joven de 16 años con síntomas digestivos, principalmente disfagia y dolor retroesternal. Luego de ser diagnosticada de acalasia (sintomatología compatible), que se confirma por manometría de alta resolución, se indica tratamiento quirúrgico (miotomía de Heller + funduplicatura de Toupet), con cirugía mínimamente invasiva (laparoscopia), La evolución fue muy favorable: desaparecieron los síntomas digestivos y fue notable la pronta recuperación. Se revisa la literatura de las distintas opciones terapéuticas y sus principales indicaciones. Palabras claves: acalasia, manometría de alta resolución, miotomía de Heller, funduplicatura de Toupet
Abstract: We report the case of 15 year old female with digestive symptoms, mainly dysphagia and chest pain. After being diagnosed with possible achalasia (compatible clinical), is confirmed by high-resolution manometry, surgical treatment is indicated (myotomy heller + fundoplication toupet), with minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy), with a very favorable evolution, disappearing digestive symptoms and produced a remarkable recovery in a short time. We do a literature review of therapeutic options available and their main indications. Key words: achalasia, high-resolution manometry, Heller myotomy, Toupet fundoplication
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Esophageal Achalasia , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Heller Myotomy , Radiography , Digestive System Abnormalities , Endoscopy , ManometryABSTRACT
Resumen: El trauma penetrante de médula espinal es una patología poco frecuente y corresponde a la tercera causa más común de lesión de médula espinal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con trauma medular penetrante, causado por un cuchillo que permaneció 12 horas incrustado en su columna dorsal y que no presentó déficit neurológico. Según nuestro conocimiento, existe un solo caso reportado de lesión penetrante de médula espinal sin compromiso neurológico. Es controvertido el manejo de estas lesiones, por ello comentaremos nuestra experiencia con el presente caso. Palabras claves: : trauma penetrante de médula espinal, lesión de médula espinal, arma blanca, cirugía, tratamiento, manejo.
Abstract: The penetrating spinal trauma is a very uncommon pathology, corresponds to the third most frequent of spinal medular lesion. We present a case of a patient with penetrating spinal trauma causes by a knife that remained twelve hours embedded at the spinal cord and this patient did not present neurological deficit. For our knowledge, there is only one case reported of a penetrating spinal trauma without a neurological compromise. There are controversies about the management of these lesions and that is why we will to present this case as our experience. Key words: penetrating spinal cord trauma, spinal cord injury, knife, surgery, treatment, management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Spinal Cord Injuries , Wounds, Penetrating , Neurologic Manifestations , Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed , WeaponsABSTRACT
Introducción. La miotomía de Heller como tratamiento quirúrgico de elección para la acalasia, ofrece de buenos a excelentes resultados a corto y largo plazo, pero, incluso en manos de cirujanos experimentados, pueden presentarse complicaciones. Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar la frecuencia de perforaciones de la mucosa esofágica cuando se practica la miotomía de Heller para tratar la acalasia, determinar las características preoperatorias de los pacientes que presentan este tipo de complicación y evaluar su evolución posoperatoria. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos. Se evaluó la incidencia de las perforaciones de la mucosa esofágica durante la miotomía de Heller por vía laparoscópica en 116 pacientes con diagnóstico de acalasia, en el Center for Esophageal Diseases de la University of Chicago. Además, se describe el tratamiento de este tipo de lesiones descubiertas durante el procedimiento. Resultados. De 116 pacientes sometidos a miotomía de Heller por laparoscopia, en 4 se presentó perforación de la mucosa esofágica durante el procedimiento, con una incidencia de 3,4 %. En ellos la perforación se reparó en el mismo procedimiento. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de dos días y el puntaje posoperatorio de Eckardt fue de 0 en todos los pacientes. Conclusiones. En las manos adecuadas, la miotomía de Heller es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de la acalasia, con una baja tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias. La detección y el tratamiento de las perforaciones esofágicas durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, ofrecen excelentes resultados.
Background: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is standard of treatment in achalasia with excellent short and long term, results but even in experienced hands intraoperative complication could be present. Aims:The aims of this study were to determine: (a) how often the esophageal mucosal perforation occurs during laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia (b) the preoperative characteristics of patients with this complication and (c) the postoperative outcome. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively set database. We evaluated the incidence of esophageal mucosal perforation of 116 patients in whom a laparoscopic Heller myotomy was performed at the Center of esophageal diseases of the University of Chicago. In addition we describe the proper treatment for this complication. Results: Esophageal mucosal perforation during laparoscopic Heller myotomy was present in 4 of 116 patients, the incidence was 3.4%.In all the patients a primary repair was done. The average hospital stay was 2 days and the postoperative Eckardt score was 0. Conclusions: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy in experienced hands is a safe and effective procedure with a low rate of intraoperative complications. The early detection and treatment of the esophageal mucosal perforation offer excellent results.