Presupuesto por resultados y calidad del gasto del programa de cáncer en un hospital público / Budgeting for results and quality of cancer program spending in a public hospital / Orçamento para resultados e qualidade dos gastos com o programa de câncer em um hospital público

La implementación del Presupuesto por Resultados (PpR) requiere elementos como información oportuna, sistemas de monitoreo, incentivos y procedimientos normados. En el caso de Perú, su enfoque de PpR ha generado cambios significativos en resultados de salud, especialmente en programas como desnutrición y salud materna y neonatal, al priorizar actividades demostradas como más costo-eficaces a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el presupuesto por resultados (PpR) y la Calidad del gasto del programa de cáncer en un hospital público del Ministerio de Salud, 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño no experimental, descriptivo y nivel correlacional. La población fue de 131 trabajadores vinculados al ciclo del presupuesto, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 32 trabajadores responsables directos del PpR. Se utilizó la técnica de encuesta y dos cuestionarios como instrumentos, sometidos a los coeficientes KR-20 y Alpha de Cronbach para evaluar la confiabilidad. Resultados. El coeficiente de Spearman fue de 0.387, indicando una relación positiva y media entre las variables. La significancia fue de 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusiones. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el PpR y la Calidad del gasto del programa de Cáncer en el hospital del Ministerio de Salud, confirmando que un mejor manejo del PpR está asociado a una mejor calidad de gasto.

The implementation of results-based budgeting (RBB) requires elements such as timely information, monitoring systems, incentives and standardized procedures. In the case of Peru, its PfR approach has generated significant changes in health outcomes, especially in programs such as malnutrition and maternal and neonatal health, by prioritizing activities proven to be more cost-effective worldwide. Objective. To determine the relationship between the budget for results (BfR) and the Quality of cancer program spending in a public hospital of the Ministry of Health, 2021. Materials and Methods. A quantitative approach, basic type, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational study was carried out. The population was 131 workers linked to the budget cycle, from which a sample of 32 workers directly responsible for the PpR was selected. The survey technique and two questionnaires were used as instruments, subjected to Cronbach's KR-20 and Alpha coefficients to assess reliability. Results. Spearman's coefficient was 0.387, indicating a positive and average relationship between the variables. Significance was 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusions. A significant relationship was found between PpR and Quality of expenditure of the Cancer program in the Ministry of Health hospital, confirming that better management of PpR is associated with better quality of expenditure.

A implementação do orçamento por desempenho (PfR) requer elementos como informações oportunas, sistemas de monitoramento, incentivos e procedimentos padronizados. No caso do Peru, sua abordagem de PfR gerou mudanças significativas nos resultados de saúde, especialmente em programas como desnutrição e saúde materna e neonatal, priorizando atividades comprovadamente mais econômicas em todo o mundo. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre o orçamento por resultados (BfR) e a qualidade dos gastos com o programa de câncer em um hospital público do Ministério da Saúde, 2021. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo básico, não experimental, descritivo e correlacional. A população foi de 131 trabalhadores ligados ao ciclo orçamentário, dos quais foi selecionada uma amostra de 32 trabalhadores diretamente responsáveis pelo BfR. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados a técnica de survey e dois questionários, submetidos aos coeficientes KR-20 e Alfa de Cronbach para avaliar a confiabilidade. Resultados. O coeficiente de Spearman foi de 0,387, indicando uma relação positiva e média entre as variáveis. A significância foi de 0,029 (< 0,05). Conclusões. Foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre o PfR e a qualidade das despesas do programa de câncer no hospital do Ministério da Saúde, confirmando que uma melhor gestão do PfR está associada a uma melhor qualidade das despesas.

Evaluation of newborn screening in the state of Mato Grosso from 2005 to 2019 / Avaliação da triagem neonatal no Estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2005 a 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate quality indicators of the Neonatal Screening Referral Service of the state of Mato Grosso (NSRS-MT) from 2005 to 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, exploratory, descriptive, and observational study from 2005 to 2019. The following parameters were analyzed: age of newborns at the first collection, time between sample collection and arrival at the laboratory, time between the arrival and release of results and time between requesting the second sample and arrival at the NSRS. The population coverage of the program and the incidence of each clinical situation screened were also analyzed. Results: NSRS-MT coverage was analyzed and recorded as 76%. The incidence was analyzed for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) 1:1867, phenylketonuria (PKU) 1:33,311, sickle cell disease (SCD) 1:2004, cystic fibrosis (CF) 1:12,663, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 1:15,843, and biotinidase deficiency (DB) 1:25,349. The median age (days) at the first consultation was: 44 for HC, 22 for PKU, 60 for DF, 52 for FC, 79 for HAC and 79 for DB. The mean time between exam collection and delivery to the NSRS was 8.4 days; between the arrival and release of results, 9 days; and for the return of recalls, 59 days. Conclusions: Regarding the coverage of the target population and collection at the ideal age, the NSRS-MT presents values below the national average. However, regarding the mean age at the time of the first consultation, the state's performance is better than the national.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar indicadores de qualidade do Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal do Estado de Mato Grosso (SRTN/MT) no período de 2005 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, exploratório, descritivo e observacional, que utilizou dados do formulário FormSUS nos anos de 2005 a 2019. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: idade dos recém-nascidos na primeira coleta, tempo entre coleta da amostra e chegada ao laboratório, tempo entre a chegada e a liberação dos resultados e tempo entre a solicitação da segunda amostra até a chegada ao SRTN. Foram analisadas, também, a cobertura populacional do programa e a incidência de cada situação clínica triada. Resultados: Cobertura do SRTN-MT: 76%. Incidências: hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) 1:1.867, fenilcetonúria (PKU) 1:33.311, doença falciforme (DF) 1:2.004, fibrose cística (FC) 1:12.663, hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) 1:15.843 e deficiência de biotinidase (DB) 1:25.349. A mediana da idade (dias) na primeira consulta foi: 44 para HC, 22 para PKU, 60 para DF, 52 para FC, 79 para HAC e 79 para DB. A média entre a coleta do exame e a entrega no SRTN foi de 8,4 dias; entre a chegada e liberação dos resultados, de 9 dias; e para o retorno de reconvocados, de 59 dias. Conclusões: Com relação à cobertura da população alvo e a coleta na idade ideal, o SRTN apresenta valores abaixo da média nacional. Contudo, quanto à idade média no momento da primeira consulta, o desempenho de MT é melhor que a média nacional.

IRT/IRT as a newborn cystic fibrosis screening method: optimal cutoff points for a mixed population / Protocolo TIR/TIR como método de triagem neonatal para fibrose cística: pontos de corte ideais para populações com baixa incidência da doença e poucos recursos / Protocolo TIR/TIR como método de tamizaje neonatal de fibrosis quística: puntos de corte ideales para poblaciones con baja incidencia de la enfermedad y pocos recursos

Abstract: The Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) has incorporated newborn screening for cystic fibrosis since 2001. The protocol involves two samples of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT1/IRT2). This study aims to analyze fixed and floating values at the first and second IRT (IRT1/IRT2) cutoff points and assess the accuracy of the IRT/IRT methodology in a population from Northeastern Brazil. Descriptive, individual-level data from the newborn screening reference service data system (2013-2017) were used in this observational population study. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) for the protocol were calculated. The best cutoff point was determined using the Youden's index. The previous year's cut-off values for the IRT1 and IRT2 99.4-, 99.5-, 99.6-, and 99.7-percentiles were utilized for the floating cutoff. During the studied period, 840,832 newborns underwent screening for cystic fibrosis, obtaining 49 cystic fibrosis diagnoses: 39 by newborn screening (79.6%) and 10 (20.4%) by clinical suspicion (false negative). The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of the protocol totaled 79.6%, 99.9%, and 6.1%, respectively. No proposed cutoff for IRT1 performed better than the current one. IRT2 performed similarly to the current protocol at a cutoff point of 90ng/mL, showing the appropriate sensitivity and specificity while reducing the frequency of false positives. The protocol to screen newborns for cystic fibrosis had low sensitivity, a predictive positive value, and a high number of false positives and negatives. A floating cut point for IRT1 or IRT2 seems to constitute no viable option. However, changing the IRT2 cut point from 70ng/mL to 90ng/mL seems to have advantages and should undergo consideration.

Resumo: A triagem neonatal para fibrose cística oi incorporada ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em 2001. O protocolo envolve duas amostras de tripsinogênio imunorreativo (TIR/TIR). O objetivo foi analisar os valores fixos e flutuantes no primeiro e segundo pontos de corte da TIR (TIR1/TIR2) e avaliar a acurácia da metodologia TIR/TIR em uma população do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de base populacional que inclui dados descritivos em nível individual obtidos retrospectivamente do Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal (2013-2017). Foram calculados a sensibilidade, a especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo (VPP) do protocolo. O melhor ponto de corte foi determinado pelo índice de Youden. Os pontos de corte do ano anterior para os percentis TIR1 e TIR2 de 99,4, 99,5, 99,6 e 99,7 foram utilizados para o ponto de corte flutuante. No período do estudo, 840.832 recém-nascidos foram submetidos à triagem neonatal para fibrose cística, com 49 diagnósticos de fibrose cística, sendo 39 pela triagem neonatal (79,6%) e 10 (20,4%) por suspeita clínica (falso-negativos). A sensibilidade, a especificidade e o VPP do protocolo de triagem neonatal para fibrose cística foram de 79,6%, 99,9% e 6,1%, respectivamente. Nenhum dos pontos de corte propostos para a TIR1 mostrou-se melhor do que o atual. A TIR2 teve desempenho semelhante ao atual no ponto de corte de 90ng/mL, demonstrando sensibilidade e especificidade adequadas, ao mesmo tempo que reduziu a frequência de falsos positivos. A triagem neonatal para fibrose cística apresentou valores baixos de sensibilidade e VPP, e número elevado de falso-positivos e negativos. Um ponto de corte flutuante para TIR1 ou TIR2 não parece ser uma opção viável. No entanto, a mudança do ponto de corte da TIR2 de 70ng/mL para 90ng/mL parece ter vantagens e deve ser considerada.

Resumen: El tamizaje neonatal de fibrosis quística fue incorporado al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en el 2001. El protocolo implica dos muestras de tripsinógeno inmunorreactivo (TIR/TIR). El objetivo fue analizar los valores fijos y flotantes en el primer y segundo puntos de corte de la TIR (TIR1/TIR2) y evaluar la precisión de la metodología TIR/TIR en una población del Nordeste brasileño. Se trata de un estudio observacional de base poblacional que incluye datos descriptivos a nivel individual obtenidos retrospectivamente del Servicio de Referencia en Tamizaje Neonatal (2013-2017). Se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad y el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) del protocolo. El mejor punto de corte lo determinó el índice de Youden. Para el punto de corte flotante, se utilizaron los puntos de corte del año anterior para los percentiles TIR1 y TIR2 de 99,4, 99,5, 99,6 y 99,7. Durante el período de estudio, 840.832 recién nacidos fueron sometidos a tamizaje neonatal para fibrosis quística, con 49 diagnósticos de fibrosis quística, 39 de los cuales por la tamizaje neonatal (79,6%) y 10 (20,4%) por sospecha clínica (falsos negativos). La sensibilidad, la especificidad y el VPP del protocolo tamizaje neonatal para fibrosis quística fueron del 79,6%, 99,9% y 6,1%, respectivamente. Ninguno de los puntos de corte propuestos para la TIR1 resultó ser mejor que el actual. La TIR2 tuvo un desempeño similar al actual en el punto de corte de 90ng/mL, lo que demuestra sensibilidad y especificidad adecuadas, a la vez que redujo la frecuencia de falsos positivos. El tamizaje neonatal para fibrosis quística presentó valores bajos de sensibilidad y VPP, y un elevado número de falsos positivos y negativos. Un punto de corte flotante para TIR1 o TIR2 no parece ser una opción viable. Sin embargo, cambiar el punto de corte de la TIR2 de 70ng/mL a 90ng/mL parece tener ventajas y debe tenerse en cuenta.

Contextual inequalities in specialized dental public health care in Brazil

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the contextual inequalities of specialized public dental care (SPDC) in Brazil. The outcome was the trajectory of dental specialized production in municipalities with SPDC (from 2015 to 2017) obtained by group-based trajectory modeling. A Poisson regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with the high trajectory of SPDC production. The inequality indicators for SPDC production were the slope index and the concentration index according to contextual factors. The study included 954 SPDC units distributed across 893 municipalities. Among the municipalities evaluated, 62.9% had a low trajectory of SPDC. Large-sized municipalities had the highest production (IRR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.94-4.14) and the southern region had the lowest production (IRR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.92). Municipalities presenting a very high human development index (HDI) showed the greatest SPDC production (IRR = 3.34, 95%CI: 1.09-10.24), as well as municipalities with the highest tertile of schooling rate (IRR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.50). The absolute inequality was 52.1 percentage points for the average monthly wage (p < 0.001), 61.0 percentage points for the HDI (p < 0.001), -22.1 for infant mortality rate (p <0.001), and 14.8 for the schooling rate (p = 0.012). Thus, there are contextual inequalities in the Brazilian SPDC. Higher scores for social indicators were associated with better SPDC performance.

Asthma in the Brazilian Unified Health Care System: an epidemiological analysis from 2008 to 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the number of hospitalizations, the length of hospital stay, and mortality due to asthma, as well as the costs to the Unified Health Care System in Brazil between 2008 and 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study using data from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. Proportional hospitalization and death rates were estimated per 100,000 population by age, microregion, and year. Results: The number of hospitalizations and deaths due to asthma decreased from 2008 to 2021 (205,392 vs. 55,009 and 822 vs. 327, respectively). In addition, a between-sex difference was observed in asthma-related hospitalizations in 2008, and more men were hospitalized in 2021 (51.8%). Asthma mortality rates were similar for both sexes (50.0% each) in 2008, and a slight increase was observed in women's deaths in 2021 (52.9%). Even so, approximately one death/day and more than 55,000 hospitalizations were observed yearly, with a mean length of hospital stay of three days. Additionally, the Southeast region allocated more financial resources to asthma-related hospitalizations. Conclusions: Our results showed that the number of deaths and hospitalizations due to asthma substantially declined during the study period.

[Analysis of the internal coherence of the Mental Health and Addictions Program of Mexico 2020-2024]. / Análisis de la coherencia interna del Programa de Salud Mental y Adicciones de México 2020-2024.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the internal coherence of the Specific Mental Health and Addictions Program 2020-2024 (PAE-SM20-24) of the Health Secretary of Mexico. METHOD: Qualitative descriptive analysis of the logic connection and causal articulation between the objectives, the strategies, and the specific actions of the PAE-SM20-24. RESULTS: PAE-SM20-24 formulates 3 priority objectives, 9 priority strategies, and 49 specific actions. The formulation of the objectives, strategies and actions lacks the necessary structure to define the who, how, where, and when. Neither does it establish financing sources, the mechanisms for resource administration, nor the strategies and actions that are needed to restructure the functions of the participating institutions. It does not define the mechanisms for social participation nor any clear actions for intersectoral work. The actions that are presented are limited to rhetoric proposals to promote, encourage, support, strengthen, and foster, which do not allow us to determine tangible effects due to their implementation. In general terms, the formulation of the program is ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS: PAE-SM20-24 lacks internal coherence, which means that there is only a medium connection between its objectives, strategies, and specific actions. This jeopardizes its implementation and, therefore, its potential to contribute to the improvement of public policy related to mental health and addictions in the country.

Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A: o olhar dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Evaluation of the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program: the perspective of professionals from Primary Health Care

A carência de vitamina A é considerada um problema de saúde pública em vários países de baixa e média renda, inclusive no Brasil. Nesse contexto, foi instituído o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A (PNSVA), com o intuito de suplementar as crianças de 6 a 59 meses com megadoses dessa vitamina. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais a respeito desse programa, além da operacionalização, do funcionamento e da cobertura do PNSVA. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, para o qual foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais de 58 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Os dados da cobertura do PNSVA (2012 a 2020) foram coletados através do Sistema de Informação de Micronutrientes. Dos entrevistados, 39,6% citaram a distribuição de cápsulas de vitamina A como forma de atingir os objetivos do PNSVA, e apenas 36,2% receberam capacitação sobre o programa. Em relação à sua operacionalização, 56,9% relataram nunca terem faltado cápsulas de vitamina A na UBS, e 41,3% realizavam o registro das doses administradas no Mapa Diário de Administração de Vitamina A. Já sobre o funcionamento do programa, 61,1% o avaliaram como bom. A cobertura do PNSVA foi inferior à meta pactuada, tendo sido observadas lacunas no conhecimento, na operacionalização e no funcionamento do programa.

Vitamin A deficiency is considered a public health problem in several low-and middle-income countries, including Brazil. In this context, the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program (PNSVA) was instituted with the aim of supplementing children aged 6 to 59 months with megadoses of vitamin A. This cross-sectional study carried out in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, aimed to evaluate professionals' knowledge, operationalization, functioning, and coverage of the PNSVA. We interviewed professionals from 58 Basic Health Units and collected PNSVA coverage data (2012-2020) from the Micronutrient Information System. Of those interviewed, 39.6% cited the distribution of vitamin A capsules to achieve the PNSVA objectives, and only 36.2% received training on the program. Operationalization-wise, 56.9% reported never running out of vitamin A capsules at the Unit, and 41.3% recorded the doses administered on the Daily Map. About the operation, 61.1% rated the PNSVA as good. PNSVA coverage was below the recommended target. PNSVA functioning, operationalization, and coverage did not reach the agreed goals, highlighting the current knowledge gaps in the program.

Is it feasible to enhance quality assurance of cervical cancer screening in Latin America? A regional expert consensus.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer elimination requires high-performance screening tests and high treatment rates, and thus high screening program performance is essential; however, Latin America lacks organized screening and quality assurance (QA) guidelines. We aimed to develop a core set of QA indicators suitable to the region. METHODS: We reviewed QA guidelines from countries/regions with highly organized screening programs and selected 49 indicators for screening intensity, test performance, follow-up, screening outcomes and system capacity. A regional expert consensus using the Delphi method in two rounds was implemented to identify basic indicators actionable within the regional context. The panel was integrated by recognized Latin American scientists and public health experts. They voted for the indicators blinded to each other based on feasibility and relevance. The correlation between both attributes was analyzed. RESULTS: In the first round 33 indicators reached consensus for feasibility but only 9 for relevance, without full coincidence. In the second round 9 indicators met the criteria for both (2 screening intensity, 1 test performance, 2 follow-up, 3 outcomes, 1 system capacity). A significant positive correlation was observed for test performance and outcomes indicators between the two attributes assessed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer control requires realistic goals supported by proper programs and QA systems. We identified a set of indicators suitable to improve cervical cancer screening performance in Latin America. The assessment by an expert panel with a joint vision from science and public health practice represents a significant progress towards real and feasible QA guidelines for countries in the region.

Perfil de serviços públicos que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no Rio Grande do Norte / Profile of health services that assessthelingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state / Perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte

Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

Desempenho da gestão organizacional dos serviços hospitalares no Brasil / Organizational management performance of hospital services in Brazil / Desempeño de la gestión organizativa de los servicios hospitalarios en Brasil

Objetivo: avaliar o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos Serviços Hospitalares no Brasil. Método: estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde-PNASS 2015-2016 para avaliar o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional de 1.665 hospitais do Brasil. Foram utilizados 30 itens de verificação distribuídos em 5 critérios (Gestão de Contratos; Gestão de Pessoas; Gestão da Informação; Planejamento e Organização; e Modelo Organizacional), que compuseram um escore de avaliação. O desempenho foi avaliado segundo os indicadores: porte hospitalar; nível de complexidade; esfera administrativa; tipo de gestão; e região do país. Verificou-se associação entre Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais com os indicadores Taxa de Ocupação, Média de Permanência e Valor Médio da AIH. Utilizou-se Análise de Componentes Principais para verificar a relação de dependência entre as variáveis e explicar a variabilidade dos dados. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística ajustado para verificar variáveis que melhor explicam o Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional. Resultados: a média de Desempenho da Gestão Organizacional dos hospitais foi 63,83. Os melhores desempenhos estão nos hospitais da região Sul, de nível de Complexidade 8, acima de 150 leitos, de Esfera Administrativa Público Federal e de Gestão Estadual. Na análise de regressão logística, o desempenho se mostrou associado com: Taxa de Ocupação (p<9.87E-09), Porte hospitalar (p<4.49E-10), gestão municipal (p<0.004), Nível Hierárquico Nível 7 (p<0.042), Nível 8 (p<0.022) região Sul (p<0.004), Sudeste (p<0.002). Conclusão: o PNASS se mostrou adequado para avaliar o desempenho da gestão dos hospitais, sendo constatada relação entre melhor desempenho e maior porte e complexidade do hospital.(AU)

Objective: to assess the organizational management performance of hospital services in Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study that resorted to data from the 2015-2016 National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (Programa Nacional de Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde, PNASS) to assess the Organizational Management Performance in 1,665 Brazilian hospitals. A total of 30 verification items distributed into 5 criteria (Contract Management; People Management; Information Management; Planning and Organization; and Organizational Model) were used, which comprised an evaluation score. Performance was assessed according to the following indicators: hospital size; complexity level; administrative sphere; type of management; and region of the country. An association was verified between the hospitals' Organizational Management Performance and the Occupancy Rate, Mean Hospitalization Time and Mean HA Value indicators. Principal Components Analysis was used to verify the dependence relationship between the variables and to explain data variability. An adjusted logistic regression model was used to verify variable that best explain Organizational Management Performance. Results: the hospitals' mean Organizational Management Performance was 63.83. The best performance levels correspond to the hospitals from the South region, Complexity level 8, more than 150 beds, belonging to the Federal Public Administrative Sphere and with State Management. In the logistic regression analysis, performance proved to be associated with: Occupancy Rate (p<9.87E-09), Hospital size (p<4.49E-10), Municipal Management (p<0.004), Hierarchical Level 7 (p<0.042), Level 8 (p<0.022), South region (p<0.004), and Southeast region (p<0.002). Conclusion: the PNASS proved to be adequate to assess the hospitals' management performance, verifying a relationship between better performance and larger hospital size and higher complexity.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el Desempeño de la Gestión Organizativa de los Servicios Hospitalarios en Brasil. Método: estudio transversal que utilizó datos del Programa Nacional de Evaluación de Servicios de Salud-PNASS 2015-2016 para evaluar el Desempeño de la Gestión Organizativa de 1665 hospitales en Brasil. Se utilizaron 30 elementos de verificación distribuidos en 5 criterios: Gestión de Contratos, Gestión de Personas, Gestión de la Información, Planificación y Organización, Modelo Organizativo, que compusieron una puntuación de evaluación...(AU)

Five-year performance analysis of a cystic fibrosis newborn screening program in northeastern Brazil

Abstract Objective: To analyze the performance of the cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS) program over its first five years in a Brazilian northeastern state. Methods: A population-based study using a screening algorithm based on immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT. Data were retrieved from the state referral screening center registry. The program performance was evaluated using descriptive indicators such as the results of an active search, coverage, newborn's age at the time of blood sampling, the time between sample collection and its arrival at the laboratory, and the child's age at diagnosis of disease. Results: The public CF screening program covered 82.6% of the 1,017,576 births that occurred, with an accumulated five-year incidence of 1:20,767 live births. The median (25th-75th) age at diagnosis was 3.5 (2.3-7.3) months. The sampling before 7 days of life for the first IRT (IRT1) increased between 2013 and 2017 from 42.2 to 48.3%. Around 5% of IRT1 samples and 30% of the second samples were collected after 30 days of life. In the first and second stages of screening, 23.6% and 19.9% of the infants, respectively, were lost to follow-up. In both stages of screening, the samples were retained at the health units for a median (25th-75th) of 9.0 (7.0-13.0) days. Conclusions: The coverage by the CF-NBS program was satisfactory as compared to other Brazilian state rates and the percentage of IRT1 samples collected within the first week of life increased progressively. However, time of samples retention at the health units, inappropriate sampling, inherent methodological problems, and loss of follow-up need to improve.

Five-year performance analysis of a cystic fibrosis newborn screening program in northeastern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of the cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS) program over its first five years in a Brazilian northeastern state. METHOD: A population-based study using a screening algorithm based on immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT. Data were retrieved from the state referral screening center registry. The program performance was evaluated using descriptive indicators such as the results of an active search, coverage, newborn's age at the time of blood sampling, the time between sample collection and its arrival at the laboratory, and the child's age at diagnosis of disease. RESULTS: The public CF screening program covered 82.6% of the 1,017,576 births that occurred, with an accumulated five-year incidence of 1:20,767 live births. The median (25th-75th) age at diagnosis was 3.5 (2.3-7.3) months. The sampling before 7 days of life for the first IRT (IRT1) increased between 2013 and 2017 from 42.2 to 48.3%. Around 5% of IRT1 samples and 30% of the second samples were collected after 30 days of life. In the first and second stages of screening, 23.6% and 19.9% of the infants, respectively, were lost to follow-up. In both stages of screening, the samples were retained at the health units for a median (25th-75th) of 9.0 (7.0-13.0) days. CONCLUSIONS: The coverage by the CF-NBS program was satisfactory as compared to other Brazilian state rates and the percentage of IRT1 samples collected within the first week of life increased progressively. However, time of samples retention at the health units, inappropriate sampling, inherent methodological problems, and loss of follow-up need to improve.

Gerontogeriatría en el curso propio "Envejecimiento". Plan de estudios "D" de la carrera de Medicina / Gerontogeriatrics in the own course "Aging". Study plan "D" of the Medicine career

Fundamento: el sector cubano de salud, además de garantizar una atención médico-social al adulto mayor, tiene la misión de formar los recursos humanos especializados en esta área del conocimiento, desde el pregrado en las carreras de las ciencias médicas, y de forma continua y sostenida hasta el posgrado; por lo que se precisa observar el tratamiento de los contenidos relacionados con la Gerontogeriatría en los planes de estudio. Objetivo: caracterizar la representación de la Gerontogeriatría en el curso propio "Envejecimiento" del Plan de estudios "D" de la carrera de Medicina en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó una investigación educativa observacional, descriptiva. Se desarrolló una amplia revisión documental de los planes de estudio y el diseño del curso propio "Envejecimiento" del Plan de estudios "D", precisando el análisis de sus contenidos y su aporte a la Gerontogeriatría. Resultados: se constató que el curso permite la enseñanza de la Gerontología y Geriatría, diseñado con tres objetivos y cinco temas, y contenidos que favorecen la formación gerontogeriátrica en el desempeño de la función de atención médica integral al particular proceso salud enfermedad que se expresa en el adulto mayor. Conclusiones: la Gerontogeriatría está presente en el curso propio "Envejecimiento", representada fundamentalmente con este diseño académico en todo el vigente Plan de estudios "D".

Background: the Cuban health branch, in addition to guaranteeing medical-social care for the elderly, has the mission of training specialized human resources in this area of knowledge, from undergraduate in medical sciences careers, and continuously and sustained until postgraduate; Therefore, it is necessary to observe the treatment of the contents related to Gerontogeriatrics in the study plans. Objective: to characterize the representation of Gerontogeriatrics in the own course "Aging" of the Study Plan "D" of the Medicine career in Cuba. Methods: an observational, descriptive educational research was carried out. An extensive documentary review of the study plans and the design of the own course "Aging" of the Study Plan "D" was carried out, specifying the analysis of its contents and its contribution to Gerontogeriatrics. Results: it was verified that the course allows the teaching of Gerontology and Geriatrics, designed with three objectives and five topics, and contents that favor gerontology and geriatric training in the performance of the function of comprehensive medical attention to the particular health-disease process that is expressed in the elderly. Conclusions: Gerontogeriatrics is present in the own course "Aging", fundamentally represented with this academic design throughout the current Curriculum "D".

Partnering to implement the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer in the Americas: prioritizing systems strengthening / Alianzas para ejecutar la Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil en la Región de las Américas: priorizar el fortalecimiento de los sistemas / Parceria para implementar a Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil nas Américas: priorização do fortalecimento dos sistemas

ABSTRACT Working with PAHO/WHO to prioritize childhood cancer in the context of systems strengthening is central to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH)'s role as WHO Collaborating Centre for Childhood Cancer. This manuscript focuses on how SJCRH and PAHO/WHO have partnered to apply C5 (Country Collaboration for Childhood Cancer Control) to define and implement priority actions regionally, strengthening Ministry programs for childhood cancer, while implementing the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer since 2018. Using C5, a tool developed by SJCRH, PAHO/WHO and SJCRH co-hosted regional/national workshops engaging authorities, clinicians and other stakeholders across 10 countries to map health systems needs and prioritize strategic activities (spanning Central America, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Brazil and Uruguay). SJCRH provided English/Spanish/Portuguese C5 versions/templates for analysis/prioritization exercises, and worked with PAHO/WHO and country teams to implement C5, analyze findings, and develop outputs. In an eight-country regional workshop, countries defined priorities within national/regional initiatives and ranked their value and political will, incorporating country-specific surveys and stakeholder dialogues. Each country prioritized one strategic activity for 2022-2023, exchanged insights via storytelling, and disseminated and applied results to inform country-specific and regional action plans. National workshops analyses have been incorporated into cancer control planning activities and collaborative work regionally. Implementation success factors include engaging actors beyond the clinic, enabling flexibility, and focusing on co-design with stakeholders. Joint implementation of C5 catalyzed prioritization and accelerated strategic activities to improve policies, capacity, and quality of care for children in the Americas, supporting Ministries to integrate childhood cancer interventions as part of systems strengthening.

RESUMEN La colaboración con la OPS/OMS para priorizar el cáncer infantil en el contexto del fortalecimiento de los sistemas es fundamental para la labor del St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) como centro colaborador de la OMS contra el cáncer infantil. Este artículo se centra en la alianza entre el SJCRH y la OPS/OMS en la aplicación de la herramienta C5 (colaboración nacional para el control del cáncer infantil) para definir y ejecutar medidas prioritarias a nivel regional, fortalecer los programas contra el cáncer infantil del ministerio y poner en marcha la Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil desde el 2018. Con C5, una herramienta elaborada por el SJCRH, la OPS/OMS y este hospital organizaron conjuntamente talleres regionales y nacionales con autoridades, personal médico y otras partes interesadas en diez países para determinar cuáles son las necesidades de los sistemas de salud y priorizar las actividades estratégicas (en América Central, República Dominicana, Haití, Brasil y Uruguay). El SJCRH proporcionó versiones y plantillas de C5 en inglés, español y portugués para actividades de análisis y priorización y trabajó con la OPS/OMS y los equipos de país para ejecutar la herramienta C5, analizar los resultados y elaborar productos. En un taller regional de ocho países, se definieron las prioridades en las iniciativas regionales y nacionales, se clasificó su valor y la voluntad política y se incorporaron encuestas específicas para cada país y diálogos con las partes interesadas. Cada país priorizó una actividad estratégica para el período 2022-2023, intercambió ideas por medio de narrativas, y difundió y aplicó los resultados para fundamentar planes de acción tanto regionales como específicos para el país. Los análisis de los talleres nacionales se han incorporado a las actividades de planificación del control del cáncer y al trabajo colaborativo a nivel regional. Entre los factores de éxito de la ejecución se encuentra involucrar a los agentes más allá de lo clínico, permitir que haya flexibilidad y centrarse en un diseño elaborado en colaboración con las partes interesadas. La ejecución conjunta de la herramienta C5 catalizó la priorización y aceleró las actividades estratégicas para mejorar las políticas, la capacidad y la calidad de la atención infantil en la Región de las Américas y brindó apoyo a los ministerios para integrar las intervenciones contra el cáncer infantil en el fortalecimiento de los sistemas.

RESUMO A colaboração com a OPAS/OMS para priorizar o câncer infantil no contexto do fortalecimento dos sistemas é fundamental para o papel do St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) como Centro Colaborador da OMS para o Câncer Infantil. Este artigo mostra como o SJCRH e a OPAS/OMS se associaram para aplicar a ferramenta C5 (Colaboração Nacional para Controle do Câncer Infantil), com o propósito de definir e implementar ações prioritárias regionalmente, fortalecendo programas ministeriais para o câncer na infância, durante a implementação da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil desde 2018. Com auxílio da C5, uma ferramenta desenvolvida pelo SJCRH, a OPAS/OMS e o SJCRH organizaram conjuntamente oficinas regionais/nacionais com a participação de autoridades, profissionais de saúde e outras partes interessadas em 10 países, com a finalidade de mapear as necessidades dos sistemas de saúde e priorizar atividades estratégicas (abrangendo América Central, República Dominicana, Haiti, Brasil e Uruguai). O SJCRH forneceu versões/modelos da C5 em inglês, espanhol e português para exercícios de análise/priorização e colaborou com a OPAS/OMS e as equipes dos países para implementar a C5, analisar resultados e desenvolver produtos. Em uma oficina regional com oito países, foram definidas as prioridades das iniciativas nacionais/regionais e classificados seu valor e vontade política, incorporando levantamentos nacionais e diálogos entre as partes interessadas. Cada país priorizou uma atividade estratégica para 2022-2023, trocou conhecimentos por meio da narração de histórias e disseminou e aplicou os resultados para informar planos de ação nacionais e regionais. As análises das oficinas nacionais foram incorporadas às atividades de planejamento para controle do câncer e ao trabalho conjunto no âmbito regional. Entre os fatores de êxito da implementação estão o engajamento de agentes de fora do segmento da saúde, a oferta de flexibilidade e a ênfase no planejamento conjunto com as partes interessadas. A implementação conjunta da C5 catalisou a priorização e acelerou atividades estratégicas para aprimorar as políticas, a capacidade e a qualidade da atenção às crianças nas Américas, apoiando os ministérios na integração das intervenções contra o câncer infantil como parte do fortalecimento dos sistemas.

Health literacy dimensions among public health service users with chronic diseases in Piracicaba, Brazil, 2019

Aim: This study analyzes factors associated with dimensions of health literacy (HL) functional, communicative and critical among public health service users with chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical research was carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, with adults and older adults attending Family Health Units (FHU). Data were collected by oral exam (CPOD and CPI) and a questionnaire on systemic conditions, sociodemographic factors, health behaviors and HLS (HLS-14). The outcomes consisted of functional, communicative, and critical HL dimensions dichotomized by median (high and low), which were analyzed by chi-square test (p<0.05) to find associations with the variables studied. Results: The study sample comprised 238 FHU users with 62.7 (± 10.55) mean age, of which 47.5% (n=113) showed high functional HL, 50.0% (n=119) high communicative HL, and 46.2% (n=110) high critical HL. High functional HL was associated with men (p<0.05). Functional and communicative HL were associated with having higher education (p<0.001 and p=0.018, respectively). High communicative and critical HL were associated with regular use of dental and medical services (p<0.05). Individuals with low functional HL were more likely to present poor tooth brushing (p=0.020). High HL (in all three dimensions) was associated with regular flossing and having more teeth (p<0.05). Conclusion: Functional, communicative and critical HL were associated with health behaviors and clinical outcomes, whereas the functional dimension was also associated with sociodemographic factors. HL dimensions allowed to differentiate health-related factors

Estrategias de consolidación de vínculos en contexto de intervenciones en salud intercultural en América Latina: una revisión sistemática / Link consolidation strategies in the context of intercultural health interventions in Latin America: a systematic review / Estratégias de consolidação de vínculos no contexto das intervenções interculturais em saúde na América Latina: uma revisão sistemática

OBJETIVO: Describir las estrategias de consolidación de los vínculos en el contexto de las intervenciones de salud orientadas a la salud intercultural en América Latina. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática cualitativa, utilizando el flujograma prisma para selección de artículos. Las bases de datos revisadas fueron: SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc y Scopus. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales y/o revisión, con metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa descriptiva, que no tuvieran más de 10 años desde su publicación, basados en países pertenecientes a América Latina y cuyo idioma sea español, portugués y/o inglés. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la guía de lectura crítica de CASPe. Se analizaron un total de 19 estudios publicados entre el periodo 2014-2021. RESULTADOS: La consolidación de vínculos se logra a través de la participación activa de integrantes de las comunidades en el diseño de las intervenciones en salud. La preparación de los profesionales es clave, considerando el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural como una piedra angular. Adicionalmente, las políticas públicas en salud permean en la ejecución de los programas e intervenciones en salud intercultural. CONCLUSIÓN: La construcción de vínculos y de relaciones sólidas y de confianza toman tiempo, y es necesario que haya suficiente co-diseño y un proceso participativo para establecer la relación entre equipo de salud y comunidades. Es necesario reconocer el contexto epistemológico y cosmológico que impulsa la salud y el bienestar en las comunidades nativas.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the strategies for consolidating links in the context of health programs/interventions aimed at intercultural health in Latin America. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative systematic review, using the prism flowchart for article selection. The databases reviewed were: SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc,andScopus.The inclusion criteria were original articles and/or reviews, with descriptive qualitative and quantitative methodology, whichwere not more than 10 years old from their publication, based on countries belonging to Latin America and whose language is Spanish, Portuguese,and/or English. The methodological quality was evaluated using the CASPe critical reading guide. A total of 19 studies published between the 2014-2021 period were analyzed. RESULTS: The consolidation of links isachieved through the active participation of community members in the design of health disturbances. The preparation of professionals is key, considering the development of intercultural competence as a cornerstone. Additionally, public health policies permeate the execution of intercultural health programs and interventions.CONCLUSIONS: Building bonds and solid, trusting relationships take time, and there needs to be sufficient co-design and a participatory process to establish the relationship between the health team and the communities. It is necessary to recognize the epistemological and cosmological context that drives health and well-being in native communities

OBJETIVO: Descrever as estratégias de consolidação de vínculos no contexto das intervenções de saúde orientado à saúde intercultural na América Latina. METODOLOGIA: Revisão sistemática qualitativa, utilizando o fluxograma prisma para seleção dos artigos. Os bancosde dados usadas são:SciELO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Redalyc eScopus. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais e/ou revisões, com metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa descritiva, com até 10 anos de sua publicação, baseados em países pertencentes à América Latina e cujo idioma seja espanhol, português e/ou inglês. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio do guia de leitura crítica CASPe.Foram analisados 19 estudos publicados entre o período 2014-2021. RESULTADOS: A consolidação dos vínculos é alcançada por meio da participação ativa dos membros da comunidade no desenho das intervenções de saúde. A preparação dos profissionais é fundamental, tendo como pilar fundamental o desenvolvimento da competência intercultural. Além disso, as políticas públicas de saúde permeiam a execução de programas e intervenções de saúde intercultural. CONCLUSÃO: A construção de vínculos e relações sólidas e de confiança leva tempo, e é preciso haver co-design suficiente e um processo participativo para estabelecer a relação entre a equipe de saúde e as comunidades. É necessário reconhecer o contexto epistemológico e cosmológico que impulsiona a saúde e o bem-estar nas comunidades nativas

Monitoring of high-risk children in health services: A geospatial mixed-methods study / Acompanhamento de crianças de alto risco em serviços de saúde: estudo de método misto geoespacial / Seguimiento de niños de alto riesgo en los servicios de salud: estudio de método geoespacial mixto

Abstract Objective: to analyze adherence, non-adherence and abandonment of the monitoring of children referred to the high-risk reference centers of Rede Mãe Paranaense. Method: a parallel and convergent mixed-methods study, in which both approaches have the same weight. The study loci were two high-risk outpatient services from the South of the country. In the quantitative part, 3,107 medical charts of high-risk children were analyzed and the spatial distribution was performed. In the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with 29 health professionals, in addition to 34 family members, and content analysis was performed. Two databases were produced, which were analyzed separately and eventually integrated. Results: the rates regarding adherence to monitoring are decreasing, mainly in the municipalities that are far away from the high-risk outpatient services, and the non-adherence and abandonment rates are increasing. In the reports by the representatives and the manager, a failure was observed between the transportation offer and the active search flow of the absent patients, which contributes to the increase in the non-adherence and abandonment rates and to the consequent decrease in adherence. Conclusion: in high-risk children, adherence is decreasing and the non-adherence and abandonment rates increased.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a adesão, não adesão e abandono do acompanhamento das crianças encaminhadas aos centros de referência de alto risco da Rede Mãe Paranaense. Método: estudo de método misto paralelo convergente, no qual ambas as abordagens possuem o mesmo peso. O cenário do estudo foram dois ambulatórios de alto risco do sul do país. Na parte quantitativa, analisou-se 3.107 prontuários de crianças de alto risco e realizou-se distribuição espacial. Na parte qualitativa, realizou-se entrevistas com 29 profissionais de saúde, além de 34 familiares e se procedeu com a análise de conteúdo. Houve a produção de dois bancos de dados analisados separadamente e com integração ao final. Resultados: as taxas de adesão ao acompanhamento estão diminuindo, principalmente nos municípios distantes dos ambulatórios de alto risco, e as taxas de não adesão e abandono estão em ascensão. Observou-se nos relatos dos representantes e do gestor, falha entre a oferta de transporte e o fluxo de busca ativa dos pacientes faltosos, o que contribui para o aumento das taxas de não adesão e abandono, e a consequente diminuição da adesão. Conclusão: a adesão das crianças de alto risco está em decréscimo ao mesmo tempo em que as taxas de não adesão e abandono aumentaram.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la adherencia, no adherencia y el abandono del seguimiento de niños derivados a los centros de referencia de alto riesgo de la Rede Mãe Paranaense. Método: estudio del método convergente paralelo mixto, en el que ambos enfoques tienen el mismo peso. El escenario de estudio fueron dos consultorios externos de alto riesgo del sur del país. En la parte cuantitativa se analizaron 3.107 historias clínicas de niños de alto riesgo y se realizó una distribución espacial. En la parte cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a 29 profesionales de la salud y a 34 familiares, y se realizó el análisis de contenido. Se crearon dos bases de datos que se analizaron por separado y se integraron al final. Resultados: las tasas de adherencia al seguimiento están disminuyendo, fundamentalmente en los municipios alejados de los consultorios externos de alto riesgo, y las tasas de no adherencia y abandono van en aumento. Se observó en los relatos de los representantes y del gestor, un problema entre la oferta de transporte y el flujo de búsqueda activa de pacientes ausentes, lo que contribuye al aumento de las tasas de no adherencia y abandono, y, por ende, a la disminución de la adherencia. Conclusión: la adherencia de los niños de alto riesgo está disminuyendo y, a su vez, aumentan las tasas de no adherencia y abandono.

Protección al adulto mayor: necesario enfoque multidimensional por profesionales de la salud en Cuba / Protection of the elderly: a necessary multidimensional approach by health professionals in Cuba

RESUMEN Introducción: los pronósticos demográficos avizoran que el envejecimiento será uno de los más serios problemas que enfrente la humanidad en este siglo: de allí la necesidad del enfoque multidimensional por los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: analizar con fines educativos los mecanismos existentes de protección del adulto mayor para un enfoque multidimensional por los profesionales de la salud en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas en SciELO, Google Académico y artículos de revistas impresas y digitales. Se seleccionaron 25 textos por su pertinencia con el estudio. Se evaluaron publicaciones en idioma español de autores cubanos y extranjeros, fundamentalmente de países iberoamericanos. El análisis se centró en libros, tesis, documentos legales y artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años, aunque también se referencian otros de más larga data, por ser clásicos en el tema. Desarrollo: Se constató la existencia de varias políticas médicas y sociales para proteger los adultos mayores e instituciones jurídicas que pueden utilizarse. Para una correcta evaluación multidimensional, los profesionales del sector cubano de la salud necesitan conocer las regulaciones jurídicas referentes a los adultos mayores y el código de familia que regula el derecho de la población de la tercera edad. Conclusiones: Cuba se ubica entre los países con un estado de envejecimiento avanzado; la respuesta estatal al crecimiento del envejecimiento poblacional se ha dirigido, fundamentalmente, a la atención médica y la protección a través de la seguridad social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: demographic forecasts predict that aging will be one of the most serious problems facing humanity in this century: hence the need for a multidimensional approach by health professionals. Objective: to analyze for educational purposes the existing protection mechanisms for the elderly for a multidimensional approach by health professionals in Cuba. Methods: a review of bibliographic sources was carried out in SciELO, Google Scholar and articles from printed and electronic magazines. 25 texts were selected for their relevance to the study. Publications in Spanish by Cuban and foreign authors, mainly from Ibero-American countries, were evaluated. The analysis focused on books, theses, legal documents and articles published in the last 10 years, although others of longer standing are also referenced, as they are classics on the subject. Development: The existence of several medical and social policies to protect older adults and legal institutions that can be used was verified. For a correct multidimensional evaluation, professionals in the Cuban health branch need to know the legal regulations regarding the elderly and the family code that regulates the right of the elderly population. Conclusions: Cuba is located among the countries with a state of advanced aging; The state response to the growth of the aging population has been directed, fundamentally, at medical care and protection through social security.

Intervención educativa comunitaria para un envejecimiento activo y con calidad de vida / Community educational intervention for active and life quality aging

RESUMEN Fundamento: el envejecimiento poblacional caracteriza la sociedad cubana actual, por lo que se hace necesario promover acciones educativas para este grupo etario. Objetivo: elaborar una intervención educativa comunitaria que contribuya a un envejecimiento activo y con calidad de vida en los adultos mayores del Consejo Popular Falcón-Miller. Métodos: se realizó una investigación acción-participación en el Consejo Popular Falcón Miller, del municipio Placetas, Villa Clara, Cuba, entre septiembre 2019-junio 2020. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: análisis documental, entrevista a dirigentes locales y cuestionario a adultos mayores; y matemático-estadísticos, para los valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: se diagnosticaron potencialidades y carencias en el consejo popular para fortalecer la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores que residen en la demarcación, y las necesidades de capacitación de algunos dirigentes locales, por lo que se elaboró una intervención educativa que responde a indicadores de salud, seguridad, participación, información y conocimientos de este grupo social en los diversos ámbitos. Fue valorada por criterios de especialistas. Conclusiones: el sistema de acciones propuesto en la intervención educativa es variado desde una concepción terapéutica, de capacitación y promoción de salud. Está dirigido a estimular la participación y a socializar conocimientos respecto a temáticas importantes para los adultos mayores, a la deconstrucción de estereotipos de vejez, así como a potenciar actividades educativas y de comunicación para aprender a convivir en un ambiente intergeneracional. Fue valorado como muy adecuado para su aplicación por los especialistas.

ABSTRACT Background: population aging characterizes current Cuban society, so it is necessary to promote educational actions for this age group. Objective: to develop a community educational intervention that contributes to active and life quality aging in the elderly of the Falcón-Miller People´s Council. Methods: an action-participation investigation was carried out in the Falcón Miller People´s Council, of the Placetas municipality, Villa Clara, Cuba, from September 2019 to June 2020. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive; empirical: documentary analysis, interview with local leaders and questionnaire for the elderly; and mathematical-statistical, for absolute and relative values. Results: potentialities and shortcomings were diagnosed in the People´s council to strengthen the quality of life in the elderly residing in the demarcation, and the training needs of some local leaders, for which an educational intervention was developed that responds to indicators of health, safety, participation, information and knowledge of this social group in the various fields. It was evaluated by criteria of specialists. Conclusions: the system of actions proposed in the educational intervention is varied from a therapeutic, training and health promotion concept. It is aimed at stimulating participation and socializing knowledge regarding important issues for the elderly, deconstructing old age stereotypes, as well as promoting educational and communication activities to learn to live together in an intergenerational environment. It was valued as very suitable for its application by the specialists.

Association of Iron Supplementation Programs with Iron-Deficiency Anemia Outcomes among Children in Brazil.

Anemia remains a condition with high prevalence in populations worldwide, and the prevalence of anemia among children under five years old in Brazil is approximately 40%, being higher in communities marked by social inequities. Diverse government programs during recent decades targeted iron-deficiency anemia, considering its impacts throughout the lifetime. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two government iron supplementation programs on health outcomes related to iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old in Brazilian municipalities. A longitudinal panel encompassing data from 5570 municipalities from 1998 to 2019 was investigated using a difference-in-differences framework with multiple interventions and distinct times of adhesion, and fixed-effects models were estimated to control for invariant municipal characteristics throughout the period in order to ensure comparability. The results indicate significant effects of the federal programs in reducing hospitalizations and lengths of stay due to iron-deficiency anemia, especially in non-poor municipalities. There was complementarity in the effects of the programs; however, neither of the programs influenced mortality rates. Thus, it is important to consider possible improvements in the operationalization of the programs, in order to achieve better results in the reduction of severe iron-deficiency anemia among children up to 4 years old.