Prevalência de tabagismo e morbimortalidade por câncer de pulmão nos estados brasileiros / Smoking prevalence and lung cancer morbimortality in Brazilian states / Prevalencia del tabaquismo y morbimortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en los estados brasileños

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é uma doença grave, sendo a segunda maior causa de morte em todo o mundo, entretanto, em alguns países desenvolvidos, tornou-se já a primeira causa de morte. Cerca de 90% dos casos de neoplasia pulmonares são causados pela inalação da fumaça do cigarro. Objetivo: Correlacionar a prevalência de tabagismo e morbimortalidade por câncer de pulmão nos estados brasileiros, além de demonstrar a associação destes com sexo e faixa etária. Métodos: Estudo de caráter ecológico acerca da prevalência de tabagismo e morbimortalidade por câncer de pulmão nos estados brasileiros, nos períodos de 2013 e 2019, dividida por sexo e faixa etária. Foram utilizados bancos de coleta de dados como o Tabnet e Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: As maiores taxas de mortalidade e internações hospitalares foram do público masculino, em 2013, com taxa de 2,7 e 10, respectivamente, e em 2019 com 3,3 e 11,9, respectivamente. Ademais, a maior prevalência de tabagismo foi encontrada nos homens; entretanto seu índice tem caído, enquanto a quantidade de mulheres tabagistas tem aumentado. A Região Sul demonstrou maiores números de mortalidade em ambos os períodos estudados, com taxas de 4,9 e 5,8 por 100 mil habitantes, e morbidade hospitalar com 19,9 e 23,5 por 100 mil habitantes. Já a Região Norte se configurou com as menores prevalências: em 2013 apresentou taxa de óbito por câncer de pulmão de 1,0 e morbidade hospitalar de 3,5/100 mil habitantes, em 2019 apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 4,6 e internações de 1,6/100 mil habitantes. Os coeficientes de correlação de morbidade hospitalar e prevalência de tabagismo foram R2=0,0628, r=0,251 e p=0,042, enquanto os de mortalidade e prevalência de tabagismo foram R2=0,0337, r=0,183 e p=0,140. Conclusões: Na presente pesquisa, pode-se inferir que houve associação positiva na comparação entre taxa de morbidade hospitalar e prevalência de tabagismo; em contrapartida, não foi possível observar associação positiva na correlação da taxa de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão e prevalência de tabagismo.

Introduction: Lung cancer is a serious disease, being the second leading cause of death worldwide. Moreover, in some developed countries, it has already become the leading cause of death. About 90% of lung cancer cases are caused by cigarette smoking. Objective: To correlate the prevalence of smoking and lung cancer morbidity and mortality in Brazilian states, and to demonstrate their association with sex and age group as well. Methods: An ecological study on the prevalence of smoking and lung cancer morbidity and mortality in Brazilian states between 2013 and 2019, divided by sex and age group. The data collection databases Tabnet and National Health Survey were used. Results: The highest rates of mortality and hospital admissions were among men, in 2013 with a rate of 2.7 and 10, respectively, and in 2019 with 3.3 and 11.9, respectively. In addition, the highest prevalence of smoking was found in men, but this rate has fallen, while the number of women smokers has increased. The South region showed higher mortality rates in both periods studied, with rates of 4.9 and 5.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, and hospital morbidity with 19.9 and 23.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. The North region had the lowest prevalence, where in 2013, it had a death rate from lung cancer of 1.0 and hospital morbidity of 3.5/100 thousand inhabitants, and where in 2019, it had a mortality rate of 4.6 and hospitalizations of 1.6/100 thousand inhabitants. The correlation coefficients for hospital morbidity and smoking prevalence were R2=0.0628, r=0.251 and p=0.042, while for mortality and smoking prevalence, these were R2=0.0337, r=0.183 and p=0.140. Conclusions: In the present study, it can be inferred that there was a positive association between hospital morbidity rate and prevalence of smoking, while it was not possible to observe a correlation between lung cancer mortality rate and prevalence of smoking.

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es una enfermedad grave, siendo la segunda causa de muerte en todo el mundo, sin embargo, en algunos países desarrollados, ya se ha convertido en la primera causa de muerte. Alrededor del 90% de los casos de neoplasias pulmonares están causados por la inhalación del humo del cigarrillo. Objetivo: Correlacionar la prevalencia de tabaquismo y la morbimortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en los estados brasileños, además de demostrar la asociación de estos con el género y el grupo de edad. Métodos: estudio ecológico sobre la prevalencia de tabaquismo y morbimortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en los estados brasileños, dentro de los períodos 2013 y 2019, divididos por sexo y grupo de edad. Se utilizaron bancos de recogida de datos como Tabnet y la Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Resultados: las mayores tasas de mortalidad e ingresos hospitalarios se dieron en el público masculino, en 2013 con una tasa de 2,7 y 10, respectivamente, y en 2019 con 3,3 y 11,9, respectivamente. Además, la mayor prevalencia del tabaquismo se encontró en los hombres, sin embargo, su tasa ha disminuido, mientras que la cantidad de mujeres fumadoras ha aumentado. La región Sur presentó cifras más altas de mortalidad en ambos periodos estudiados, con tasas de 4,9 y 5,8 por 100.000 habitantes, y de morbilidad hospitalaria con 19,9 y 23,5 por 100.000 habitantes. Mientras que la región Norte se configuró con las prevalencias más bajas, en 2013 presentó una tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón de 1,0 y una morbilidad hospitalaria de 3,5/100.000 habitantes, en 2019 presentó una tasa de mortalidad de 4,6 y hospitalizaciones de 1,6/100.000 habitantes. Los coeficientes de correlación para la morbilidad hospitalaria y la prevalencia del tabaquismo fueron R2=0,0628, r=0,251 y p=0,042, mientras que para la mortalidad y la prevalencia del tabaquismo fueron R2=0,0337, r=0,183 y p=0,140. Conclusiones: En la presente investigación se puede inferir que existe una asociación positiva en la comparación entre la tasa de morbilidad hospitalaria y la prevalencia de tabagismo, en contrapartida, no fue posible observar una asociación positiva en la correlación de la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón y la prevalencia de tabagismo.

Luteoma da gravidez: um pseudotumor ovariano

Contexto: Luteoma é neoplasia rara e benigna do ovário, específica da gravidez. Considera-se que seja causada por efeitos hormonais, principalmente da gonadotrofina coriônica. Objetivo: Analisar artigos selecionados sobre luteoma da gravidez e realizar revisão bibliográfica a partir dessas publicações. Desenho: A busca dos artigos foi realizada por meio da plataforma PubMed. Procedeu-se uma busca aos descritores da doença e seu correspondente em inglês (luteoma) no portal da BVSalud. Métodos: Consistiu em revisão bibliográfica, onde foram utilizados artigos publicados de 1972 até 2022. Resultados: A origem celular dos luteomas ainda é desconhecida, mas considera-se que tal processo ocorra devido a uma reação hiperplásica à gravidez, visto que o efeito de virilização regride após o parto. Discussão: Sendo pouco diagnosticado, tendo menos de 200 casos reportados, são geralmente achados durante parto cesáreo ou durante ligadura tubária no pós-parto. Seu aparecimento está relacionado a fatores hormonais da gravidez e hiperplasia ocasionada pela luteinização das células estromais. Os efeitos do luteoma gravídico no organismo estão relacionados, além da virilização da paciente e do feto, com o surgimento da síndrome do ovário policístico e diabetes. Conclusões: Tendo baixa incidência, o luteoma gravídico pode se apresentar como desafio para seu diagnóstico adequado. O diagnóstico precoce permitirá o tratamento adequado, evitando-se efeitos indesejáveis, virilizantes, para a gestante e para o nascituro. É fundamental o preparo dos profissionais de saúde para o diagnóstico e tratamento do luteoma gravídico.

Efectividad del entrenamiento muscular pélvico temprano en la fuerza de suelo pélvico, síntomas de incontinencia urinaria, función sexual y calidad de vida en pacientes posprostatectomía radical: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados / Effectiveness of early pelvic muscle training on pelvic floor strength, urinary incontinence symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life in post-radical prostatectomy patients: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad del entrenamiento muscular pélvico temprano para reducir los síntomas de incontinencia urinaria, mejorar la calidad de vida, función sexual y aumentar la fuerza de suelo pélvico en pacientes posprostatectomía radical. Se realizó una búsqueda en 8 bases de datos hasta el 26 de octubre de 2022, se evaluó la calidad metodológica y el riesgo de sesgo de 14 estudios incluidos (n=1236), se calculó la evidencia y el metaanálisis. El entrenamiento redujo significativamente los síntomas de incontinencia urinaria en comparación con un grupo control (DME=−2,80; IC 95%=−5,21 a −0,39; p=0,02), con heterogeneidad significativa (I2=83%; p=<0,0001) y evidencia moderada. Además, presentó evidencia moderada para mejorar la calidad de vida, y muy baja para mejorar la función sexual y fuerza de suelo pélvico. Estos resultados deben ser observados con precaución debido a la heterogeneidad significativa de los estudios analizados. (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early pelvic muscle training in reducing urinary incontinence symptoms, improving quality of life, sexual function, and increasing pelvic floor strength in post-radical prostatectomy patients. A search was carried out in 8 databases until October 26, 2022, the methodological quality and the risk of bias of 14 included studies (n=1236) were evaluated, moreover, the evidence and the meta-analysis were calculated. The intervention significantly reduced urinary incontinence symptoms compared to a control group (SMD=−2.80, 95% CI=−5.21 to −0.39, P=.02), with significant heterogeneity (I2=83%; P=<.0001) and moderate evidence. In addition, it presented moderate evidence to improve quality of life, and very low evidence to improve sexual function and pelvic floor strength. These results should be viewed with caution due to the significant heterogeneity of the studies analysed. (AU)

Childhood cancer survivors: current challenges.

Rates of childhood cancer survival in developed countries have risen to over 80-85 %. In consequence, the population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown considerably. Nevertheless, CCS present a high morbidity and mortality due to cancer or its treatment, with an increased risk of premature mortality, second primary tumors and late side effects, both physical and psychosocial, all of which decrease the quality of life. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) of CCS is recommended to prevent, detect and treat those health problems. Despite the advances achieved, the management of CCS is still not optimal. Among the areas for improvement discussed in this manuscript are: (1) Quantifying the real burden of morbimortality, by implementing new frequency measures (mean cumulative count and cumulative burden), to obtain more accurate assessments, and using simulation models, to determine individual risks; (2) Assessing the impact of risk factors for late side effects, related to the patient, tumor type, treatments, lifestyle, comorbidities, genetics and ageing; (3) Considering the impact of the international harmonisation of long-term follow-up guidelines, to generate homogeneous, evidence-based recommendations and an individualized LTFU and, (4) Challenges to LTFU implementation, considering models of care adapted to patient risk and needs, with special attention to the transition to adult-care follow-up. Finally, we comment on the situation of CCS in Spain and consider future prospects for improving the health and quality of life of this population.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with air cystic component.

We present an uncommon case of a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with the appearance of an air-containing cystic mass. We discuss the differential diagnosis through the imaging findings, the hypothetical origins of the air component, and the possible relationship between the air component and the aggressivity of the tumor.

Multiple and hereditary renal tumors: a review for radiologists.

80% of renal carcinomas (RC) are diagnosed incidentally by imaging. 2-4% of "sporadic" multifocality and 5-8% of hereditary syndromes are accepted, probably with underestimation. Multifocality, young age, familiar history, syndromic data, and certain histologies lead to suspicion of hereditary syndrome. Each tumor must be studied individually, with a multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient. Nephron-sparing therapeutic strategies and a radioprotective diagnostic approach are recommended. Relevant data for the radiologist in major RC hereditary syndromes are presented: von-Hippel-Lindau, Chromosome-3 translocation, BRCA-associated protein-1 mutation, RC associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, PTEN, hereditary papillary RC, Papillary thyroid cancer- Papillary RC, Hereditary leiomyomatosis and RC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Lynch, Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion, Sickle cell trait, DICER1 mutation, Hereditary hyperparathyroidism and jaw tumor, as well as the main syndromes of Wilms tumor predisposition. The concept of "non-hereditary" familial RC and other malignant and benign entities that can present as multiple renal lesions are discussed.

Tratamento reabilitador com prótese obturadora em paciente acometido por maxilectomia parcial: relato de caso / Rehabilitative treatment with obturator prosthesis in a patient suffering from partial maxillectomy: case report

Introdução: O tratamento de tumores malignos ou benignos, podem resultar em procedimentos cirúrgicos, como a maxilectomia parcial ou total, gerando comunicação bucosinusal nos pacientes. Uma forma de resolver estas alterações maxilofaciais é através do tratamento reabilitador com próteses obturadoras a fim de restabelecer a função mastigatória, estética, fonética e psicológica. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso clínico de um paciente oncológico que foi reabilitado com prótese obturadora devido à maxilectomia por neoplasia maligna de seio maxilar. Relato de caso: Paciente de 62 anos, sexo masculino, procurou atendimento odontológico no Centro de Oncologia Bucal da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) de Araçatuba ­ SP após a realização de uma maxilectomia parcial com comunicação bucosinusal e foi encaminhado para o Curso de Especialização em Prótese Dentária da Faculdade de Odontologia ­ Unesp/Araçatuba-SP para a reabilitação. Foi proposto, primeiramente a realização da prótese obturadora para fechar a comunicação bucosinusal e uma prótese total inferior para o arco antagonista e, posteriormente, a realização de uma prótese facial. Conclusão: O tratamento reabilitador com próteses obturadoras possui um bom resultado estético e funcional, favorecendo uma melhor função mastigatória e fonética, e melhorando consideravelmente a condição psicológica que é muito afetada nos pacientes submetidos a maxilectomia total ou parcial, sendo necessário uma boa interação com toda a equipe multiprofissional envolvida para que haja um melhor tratamento integrado para a reabilitação e melhora da qualidade de vida(AU)

Introduction: The treatment of malignant or benign tumors can result in surgical procedures, such as partial or total maxillectomy, generating oral communication in patients. One way to resolve these maxillofacial changes is through rehabilitative treatment with obturator prostheses in order to reestablish masticatory, aesthetic, phonetic and psychological function. Objective: the objective of this work was to report the clinical case of a cancer patient who was rehabilitated with an obturator prosthesis due to maxillectomy for malignant neoplasia of the maxillary sinus. Case report: A 62-year-old male patient sought dental care at the Oral Oncology Center of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) in Araçatuba ­ SP after undergoing a partial maxillectomy with oral cavity and was referred for the Specialization Course in Dental Prosthesis at the Faculty of Dentistry ­ Unesp/Araçatuba-SP for rehabilitation. It was proposed, firstly, to create an obturator prosthesis to close the bucosinusal communication and a total lower prosthesis for the antagonistic arch and, later, to create a facial prosthesis. Conclusion: Rehabilitative treatment with obturator prostheses has a good aesthetic and functional result, favoring better chewing and phonetic function, and considerably improving the psychological condition that is greatly affected in patients undergoing total or partial maxillectomy, requiring good interaction with the entire the multidisciplinary team involved so that there is better integrated treatment for rehabilitation and improved quality of life

Evaluación de la experiencia de telemedicina en consulta de Cirugía de cabeza y cuello en un centro de referencia en Manizales / Evaluation of telemedicine experience in head and neck surgery consultation in a referral center in Manizales

Introducción. La infección por COVID-19 afectó drásticamente la atención en salud a nivel mundial, generando retos para la atención primaria. En orden de mitigar y manejar el contagio, la telemedicina se convirtió en una modalidad emergente y efectiva en varias especialidades médicas, incluida la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con análisis retrospectivo de pacientes atendidos en la consulta virtual durante 18 meses. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y bivariado con regresión logística binaria. Se incluyeron las variables de diagnóstico primario, poder resolutivo de la consulta, necesidad de cita presencial, plataforma y dificultades de la misma. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2485 pacientes provenientes de 11 departamentos. La patología tiroidea fue la más frecuente (62,9 %), seguida de la aerodigestiva (10,9 %). La consulta fue eficiente en el 99 % de los casos, con una capacidad resolutiva del 96,4 %. El 1,4 % tuvo dificultades en la plataforma y el 8,3 % de los pacientes requirió cita presencial. Cuando hubo dificultad para la revisión de exámenes o una inadecuada inspección funcional, fue 30 veces más probable no poder resolver eficientemente la consulta. Conclusión. La telemedicina provee una alternativa eficiente de atención en cirugía de cabeza y cuello, especialmente en los controles de patología tiroidea, evitando desplazamientos innecesarios. En el tracto aerodigestivo, donde el examen físico es primordial, su utilidad está limitada a la posibilidad de realizar un examen endoscópico posterior que permita una adecuada estadificación y facilite la valoración presencial.

Introduction. The COVID-19 infection drastically affected health care worldwide, creating challenges for primary care. In order to mitigate and manage infection, telemedicine has become an emerging and effective modality in several medical specialties, including head and neck surgery. Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients seen in virtual consultation over 18 months. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated, univariate analysis was done with chi-square, and bivariate analysis with binary logistic regression. Variables such as primary diagnosis, the resolution power of the consultation, the need for an in-person appointment, the platform, and its difficulties were included. Results. 2485 patients from 11 departments were included. Thyroid pathology was the most frequent (62.9%), followed by aerodigestive tract pathology (10.8%). The consultation was efficient in 99% of cases, with a resolution capacity of 96.4%. 1.4% had difficulties on the platform and 8.3% of patients required an in-person. When there was difficulty in reviewing exams or an inadequate functional inspection, it was 30 times more likely to not be able to efficiently be resolved. Conclusion. Telemedicine provides an efficient alternative for care in head and neck surgery, especially in thyroid pathology controls, avoiding unnecessary travel. In the aerodigestive tract, where the physical examination is essential, its usefulness is limited to the possibility of performing a subsequent endoscopic examination that allows adequate staging and facilitates in-person assessment.

Caracterización de los desenlaces quirúrgicos a corto plazo en gastrectomía por laparoscopia en un centro de alto volumen: 10 años de experiencia / Short-term surgical outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in a high-volume center: 10-year experience

Introducción. El cáncer gástrico en Colombia es la segunda neoplasia más común en hombres y la cuarta en mujeres. En los últimos años se han descrito ampliamente los beneficios del abordaje laparoscópico en el cáncer gástrico frente a sangrado, recuperación postoperatoria y complicaciones, sin afectar los resultados oncológicos. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes llevados a gastrectomía laparoscópica en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia durante un período de diez años, entre 2013 y 2023. Se describieron los resultados perioperatorios en cuanto a estancia hospitalaria, sangrado operatorio, duración del procedimiento, complicaciones, causas de reintervención y mortalidad en los primeros 30 días. Resultados. Se incluyeron 418 pacientes, 58,9 % hombres, con una edad promedio de 60,8 años. Se documentó un tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 228,7 minutos, con un sangrado de 150 ml. La media de ganglios linfáticos resecados fue de 26,1 ± 11,4. La estancia hospitalaria en promedio fue de 4 ± 4 días, y se registraron complicaciones en 104 sujetos, con una tasa promedio de 24 %, de las cuales 29 (27,4 %) obtuvieron una clasificación Clavien-Dindo IIIB. Conclusiones. La gastrectomía por laparoscopia en un centro de alto volumen y con cirujanos experimentados en Colombia, tiene resultados perioperatorios similares a lo reportado en la literatura mundial. Aún se requiere de estudios de mayor fuerza de asociación para establecer recomendaciones sobre el uso rutinario de este abordaje en patología maligna avanzada.

Introduction. Gastric cancer in Colombia is the second most common neoplasm in men and the fourth in women. In recent years, the benefits of the laparoscopic approach in gastric cancer against bleeding, postoperative recovery com and complications have been widely described, without affecting oncological results. Methods. Retrospective observational study of patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy at the Clínica Universitaria Colombia over a period of ten years, between 2013 and 2023. Perioperative results were described in terms of hospital stay, operative bleeding, duration of the procedure, complications, causes of reintervention, and mortality in the first 30 days. Results. 418 patients were included, 58.9% men, with an average age of 60.88 years. An average surgical time of 228.7 minutes was documented, with a blood loss of 150 ml. The mean number of lymph nodes resected was 26.1 ± 11.4. The average hospital stay was 4 ± 4 days, and complications were recorded in 104 subjects, with an average rate of 24%, of which 29 (27.4%) obtained a Clavien-Dindo IIIB classification. Conclusions. Laparoscopic gastrectomy in a high-volume center and with experienced surgeons in Colombia has perioperative results similar to those reported in the world literature. Studies with greater strength of association are still required to establish recommendations on the routine use of this approach in advanced malignant pathology.

Comparación de desenlaces a corto plazo de gastrectomía laparoscópica mínimamente invasiva en adultos mayores con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado / Comparison of short-term outcomes of minimally invasive laparoscopic gastrectomy in older adults with locally advanced gastric cancer

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los desenlaces a corto plazo de la gastrectomía laparoscópica en adultos vs. adultos mayores con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado en una cohorte de un país occidental. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía laparoscópica por cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado, en el Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, de Cúcuta, Colombia, entre noviembre de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, de comparación de grupos y bivariado. Resultados. De un total de 116 pacientes, 51 pacientes (44 %) tenían 65 años o más y 63 pacientes (54 %) eran hombres. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa al comparar los pacientes menores de 65 años con los de 65 años o más. La mediana del tiempo operatorio fue de 240 minutos en ambos grupos (p>0,05), la mediana de los márgenes de resección macroscópica fue 6 cm vs. 5 cm (p>0,05), la mediana de los ganglios linfáticos disecados fue 25 vs. 19 (p>0,05), la mediana de ganglios linfáticos positivos fue 4 vs. 3 (p>0,05), la mediana de estancia fue de 7 días en ambos grupos (p>0,05). La tasa general de complicaciones posoperatorias no difirió significativamente entre adultos (7%) y adultos mayores (11 %) (p>0,05) y no se observaron diferencias significativas en las tasas de complicaciones menores (Clavien-Dindo grado II; 3-5 % vs. 6-12 %; p>0,05) y graves (Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIa; 3-5 % vs. 4-8 %; p>0,05). Conclusiones. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados a corto plazo entre los pacientes adultos y adultos mayores con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado tratados con gastrectomía laparoscópica. Esta técnica es segura en ancianos.

Introduction. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in adults vs. older patients with locally advanced gastric cancer from a Western country cohort. Methods. Prospective cohort study in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer at the Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, de Cúcuta, Colombia, between November 2014 and December 2018. Descriptive, group comparison and bivariate analysis was performed. Results. Of a total of 116 patients, 51 patients (44%) were 65 years or older and 63 patients (54%) were men. No statistically significant difference was found when comparing patients under 65 years of age with those 65 years of age or older. The median operating time was 240 minutes in both groups (p>0.05), the median macroscopic resection margins were 6 cm vs. 5 cm (p>0.05), the median number of lymph nodes dissected was 25 vs. 19 (p>0.05), the median number of positive lymph nodes was 4 vs. 3 (p>0.05), the median stay was 7 days in both groups (p>0.05). The overall rate of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between adults (7%) and older adults (11%) (p>0.05) and no significant differences were observed in the rates of minor (Clavien-Dindo grade II; 3-5% vs. 6-12%; p>0.05) and severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIa; 3-5% vs. 4-8%; p>0.05). Conclusions. No statistically differences were found in short-term outcomes between adult and older patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with laparoscopic gastrectomy. This technique is safe in the elderly.

Asociación entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula biliar en una EPS de Bogotá, Colombia / Association between metaplasia, dysplasia and gallbladder cancer in an EPS in Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es el más común en el tracto biliopancreático y una importante causa de mortalidad. La metaplasia y la displasia han sido mencionados como probables precursores relacionados con la secuencia metaplasia-displasia-cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las posibles asociaciones entre estas alteraciones histopatológicas y su relación con la edad y el sexo de los pacientes. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo, con un componente analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los informes de patología de pacientes llevados a colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva y ambulatoria, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2020, con colecistitis crónica, colelitiasis o pólipos vesiculares, mayores de 18 años. Se describieron las características demográficas por sexo y edad utilizando medias, desviaciones estándar y porcentajes. Se emplearon la prueba de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para evaluar la asociación entre las variables cualitativas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4871 informes de patología. En esta cohorte se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula (p<0,05), al igual que con el sexo y la edad de los pacientes. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren una asociación entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula biliar en la población estudiada. Se recomienda la realización de investigaciones complementarias para definir la posible causalidad entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula biliar en una población más heterogénea.

Introduction. Gallbladder cancer is the most common cancer in the biliopancreatic tract and an important cause of mortality. Metaplasia and dysplasia have been mentioned as probable precursors related to the metaplasia-dysplasia-cancer sequence. The objective of this study was to establish the possible associations between these histopathological alterations and their relationship with the age and sex of the patients. Methods. Descriptive retrospective observational study, with a cross-sectional analytical component. Pathology reports of patients undergoing elective and outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included between January 2015 and December 2020, with chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, or gallbladder polyps, over 18 years of age. Demographic characteristics by sex and age was performed using means, standard deviations, and percentages. The chi2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between the qualitative variables. Results. 4871 pathology reports were included. In this cohort, a statistically significant association was found between metaplasia, dysplasia, and gallbladder cancer (p<0.05), as well as with the sex and age of the patients. Conclusions. The results suggest an association between metaplasia, dysplasia and gallbladder cancer in the study population. Additional research is recommended to define the possible causality between metaplasia, dysplasia, and gallbladder cancer in a more heterogeneous population.

Tumores renales múltiples y hereditarios. Revisión por y para radiólogos / Multiple and hereditary renal tumors: A review for radiologists

El 80% de los carcinomas renales (CR) se diagnostican incidentalmente por imagen. Se aceptan un 2-4% de multifocalidad «esporádica» y un 5-8% de síndromes hereditarios, probablemente con infraestimación. Multifocalidad, edad joven, historia familiar, datos sindrómicos y ciertas histologías hacen sospechar un síndrome hereditario. Debe estudiarse individualmente cada tumor y multidisciplinarmente al paciente, con estrategias terapéuticas conservadoras de nefronas y un abordaje diagnóstico radioprotector. Se revisan los datos relevantes para el radiólogo en los síndromes de von Hippel-Lindau, translocación de cromosoma-3, mutación de proteína-1 asociada a BRCA, CR asociado a déficit en succinato-deshidrogenasa, PTEN, CR papilar hereditario, cáncer papilar tiroideo-CR papilar, leiomiomatosis hereditaria y CR, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, complejo esclerosis tuberosa, Lynch, translocación Xp11.2/fusión TFE3, rasgo de células falciformes, mutación DICER1, hiperparatoridismo y tumor mandibular hereditario, así como los principales síndromes de predisposición al tumor de Wilms.(AU)

80% of renal carcinomas (RC) are diagnosed incidentally by imaging. 2-4% of “sporadic” multifocality and 5-8% of hereditary syndromes are accepted, probably with underestimation. Multifocality, young age, familiar history, syndromic data, and certain histologies lead to suspicion of hereditary syndrome. Each tumor must be studied individually, with a multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient. Nephron-sparing therapeutic strategies and a radioprotective diagnostic approach are recommended. Relevant data for the radiologist in major RC hereditary syndromes are presented: von-Hippel-Lindau, Chromosome-3 translocation, BRCA-associated protein-1 mutation, RC associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, PTEN, hereditary papillary RC, Papillary thyroid cancer- Papillary RC, Hereditary leiomyomatosis and RC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Lynch, Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion, Sickle cell trait, DICER1 mutation, Hereditary hyperparathyroidism and jaw tumor, as well as the main syndromes of Wilms tumor predisposition. The concept of “non-hereditary” familial RC and other malignant and benign entities that can present as multiple renal lesions are discussed.(AU)

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN YOUNG ADULTS AGED 19 TO 24 YEARS WITH BREAST CANCER: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE BETWEEN 2015 AND 2020 / FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS EN ADULTOS JÓVENES DE 19 A 24 AÑOS CON CÁNCER DE MAMA: REVISIÓN EXPLORATORIA DE LITERATURA ENTRE 2015 Y 2020

With the growth and aging of the population, along with economic growth and changes in lifestyles associated with increased quality of life, the main burden of disease shifted from infectious diseases to noncommunicable and complex diseases. However, it is cancer that has increased its incidence in the world population, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where 70% of cancer deaths occur.  The research is articulated to sustainable development goal three, in particular on the effect of cancer on cognitive functioning, because cancer pain impairs cognitive functioning. A simple review for executive functions and breast cancer in PROSPERO indicated an absence of reviews on this topic. Reason why, our aim is to describe executive functions and treatment effect by chemotherapy/radiotherapy in young adult breast cancer patients between 2015 and 2020 in the scientific literature. Materials and methods: exploratory literature review according to PRISMA protocol for exploratory reviews. Articles published in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, scielo, google academic, in Spanish, English, French. With the keywords: ("Executive Function") AND ("Neoplasms") OR "breast cancer" OR "Drug Therapy," AND ("Young Adult"), searches were performed until February 4, 2020. Results: 16 articles included in the review. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity was found on patients' executive functions and treatment. However, we did find executive function impairment among patients assessed by both treatment and cancer. Conclusions: A systematic review on the subject and meta-analysis are suggested to identify the effect size, accompanied by the statistical evidence identified in the studies. Colombia could investigate this topic because there is no Colombian research.

Con el crecimiento y envejecimiento de la población, junto al crecimiento económico y los cambios en los estilos de vida asociados al incremento en la calidad de vida, la principal carga de morbilidad pasó de las enfermedades infecciosas a las no transmisibles y complejas. Sin embargo, es el cáncer incrementó su incidencia en la población mundial, especialmente en países de ingresos bajos y medios, dónde el 70% de las muertes por cáncer se presentan.  La investigación se articula al objetivo de desarrollo sostenible tres, en particular sobre el efecto del cáncer sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo, debido a que el dolor por cáncer deteriora el funcionamiento cognitivo. Una revisión sencilla por funciones ejecutivas y cáncer de mama en PROSPERO indicó una ausencia de revisiones en este tema. Razón por la cual, nuestro objetivo es describir las funciones ejecutivas y el efecto del tratamiento por quimioterapia/radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama en adultos jóvenes entre 2015 y 2020 en la literatura científica. Materiales y métodos: Revisión exploratoria de literatura según protocolo PRISMA para revisiones exploratorias. Artículos publicados en Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, scielo, google académico, en idioma español, inglés, francés. Con las palabras clave: ("Executive Function") AND ("Neoplasms") OR "breast cancer" OR "Drug Therapy," AND ("Young Adult"), las búsquedas se realizaron hasta el 4 de febrero de 2020. Resultados: 16 artículos incluidos en la revisión. Se encontró heterogeneidad clínica y metodológica sobre las funciones ejecutivas de los pacientes y el tratamiento. Sin embargo, sí se encontró afectación de funciones ejecutivas entre los pacientes evaluados tanto por el tratamiento cómo por el cáncer. Conclusiones: Se sugiere una revisión sistemática sobre el tema y meta-análisis para identificar el tamaño del efecto, acompañado de la evidencia estadística identificada en los estudios. Colombia podría investigar sobre esta temática debido a que no hay investigaciones colombianas.

Com o crescimento e o envelhecimento da população, juntamente com o desenvolvimento económico e as mudanças nos estilos de vida associadas ao aumento da qualidade de vida, o principal fardo da doença mudou de doenças infecciosas para doenças não transmissíveis e complexas. No entanto, é o câncer que aumentou a sua incidência na população mundial, especialmente nos países de baixa e média renda, onde 70% das mortes por câncer ocorrem. A pesquisa está articulada com o Objectivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3, em particular sobre o efeito do câncer sobre o funcionamento cognitivo, porque a dor do cancro prejudica a função cognitiva. Uma simples revisão para funções executivas e câncer de mama em PROSPERO indicou uma ausência de comentários sobre este tópico. A razão pela qual, nosso objetivo é descrever as funções executivas e o efeito do tratamento por quimioterapia/radioterapia em pacientes jovens adultos com câncer de mama entre 2015 e 2020 na literatura científica. Materiais e métodos: revisão da literatura exploratória de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA para revisões exploratórias. Artigos publicados em Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, scielo, google academic, em espanhol, inglês, francês. Com as palavras-chave: ("Função Executiva") E ("Neoplasmas") OU "câncer de mama" OU" Terapia de drogas," E ("Jovem Adulto"), as pesquisas foram realizadas até 4 de fevereiro de 2020. Resultados: 16 artigos incluídos na revisão. Foi encontrada heterogeneidade clínica e metodológica nas funções executivas e no tratamento dos pacientes. No entanto, descobrimos que a função executiva foi prejudicada entre os pacientes avaliados tanto pelo tratamento como pelo câncer. Conclusões: Sugere-se uma revisão sistemática do assunto e meta-análise para identificar o tamanho do efeito, acompanhada das provas estatísticas identificadas nos estudos. A Colômbia poderia investigar este assunto porque não há pesquisa colombiana.

Risk stratification model for the pharmaceutical care of oncology patients with solid or hematologic neoplasms. / [Artículo traducido] Modelo de estratificación de riesgo de atención farmacéutica para pacientes oncológicos con neoplasias sólidas o hematológicas.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop of a risk stratification model for the pharmaceutical care (PC) of patients with solid or hematologic neoplasms who required antineoplastic agents or supportive treatments. METHOD: The risk stratification model was collaboratively developed by oncology pharmacists from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH). It underwent refinement through three workshops and a pilot study. Variables were defined, grouped into four dimensions, and assigned relative weights. The pilot study collected and analyzed data from participating centers to determine priority levels and evaluate variable contributions. The study followed the Kaiser Permanente pyramid model, categorizing patients into three priority levels: Priority 1 (intensive PC, 90th percentile), Priority 2 (60th-90th percentiles), and Priority 3 (60th percentile). Cut-off points were determined based on this stratification. Participating centers recorded variables in an Excel sheet, calculating mean weight scores for each priority level and the total risk score. RESULTS: The participants agreed to complete a questionnaire that comprised 22 variables grouped into 4 dimensions: demographic (maximum score =11); social and health variables and cognitive and functional status (maximum = 19); clinical and health services utilization (maximum = 25); and treatment-related (maximum = 41). From the results of applying the model to the 199 patients enrolled, the cutoff points for categorization were 28 or more points for priority 1, 16 to 27 points for priority 2 and less than 16 for priority 3; more than 80% of the total score was based on the dimensions of 'clinical and health services utilization' and 'treatment-related'. Interventions based on the pharmaceutical care model were recommended for patients with solid or hematological neoplasms, according to their prioritization level. CONCLUSION: This stratification model enables the identification of cancer patients requiring a higher level of pharmaceutical care and facilitates the adjustment of care capacity. Validation of the model in a representative population is necessary to establish its effectiveness.

Astrocitoma de bajo grado en un teratoma retroperitoneal: reporte de caso / Low-grade astrocytoma within a retroperitoneal teratoma: Case report

Los teratomas son neoplasias que se originan de las células germinales, algunos pueden sufrir una transformación maligna. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) los clasificó como teratomas con malignidad de tipo somático, los cuales son poco comunes, siendo los sarcomas el tipo histológico con mayor incidencia. Es importante diferenciar esté tipo de tumores ya que influye en el pronóstico y en la supervivencia del paciente. A continuación se presenta el caso de un masculino de 5 meses de edad, que inició su padecimiento al mes de vida con la presencia de estreñimiento y aumento del perímetro abdominal, los estudios de imagen revelaron una lesión abdominal. Se inició tratamiento con quimioterapia y se realizó tumorectomía retroperitoneal. El reporte histopatológico reportó teratoma inmaduro grado I con foco de tejido nervioso que muestra características de astrocitoma de bajo grado. (AU)

Teratomas are neoplasms originate from germ cells and can undergo malignant transformation, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified them as teratoma with somatic-type malignancy which is uncommon and sarcomas are the histological type with the highest incidence. It is important to identify this type of tumors because influences the prognosis and survival of the patient. We present the case of a 5-month-old male, who began his condition at one month-old with constipation and increase of the abdominal circumference, imaging studies revealed an abdominal lesion, he was treated with chemotherapy and surgery. The histopathological report was immature teratoma, grade 1, with a focus of nervous tissue showing characteristics of low-grade astrocytoma. (AU)

Estadio, perfil biológico y tendencias de incidencia y mortalidad de cáncer de mama en Uruguay: análisis por franjas etarias

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es el tumor maligno más frecuente y la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres en Uruguay y en el mundo. La evidencia epidemiológica sugiere que el cáncer de mama en diferentes grupos de edades se comportaría como patologías distintas. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el cáncer de mama en Uruguay para diferentes estratos de edades. Material y método: se analizaron las tendencias temporales de la incidencia de cáncer de mama en mujeres en Uruguay en el período 2002-2019, y de la mortalidad por esta causa en 1990-2020. Para el quinquenio 2015-2019, se analiza además la distribución de estadios al diagnóstico y de perfiles biológicos (luminales, triple negativos y HER2 positivos). Se analizan tres segmentos de edades: mujeres de 20 a 44 años, de 45 a 69 y de 70 y más años. Resultados: las tasas de incidencia para el conjunto de edades se presentaron estables en el período 2002-2019, mientras que la mortalidad presenta una tendencia decreciente en el período 1990-2020. En las mujeres menores de 45 años se encuentra un aumento en la incidencia, con mortalidad que decrece hasta el 2010, seguido de una estabilización de las tasas; en las mujeres de 45 a 69 años la incidencia se mantiene estable y la mortalidad decrece; en las mayores de 70 años, la incidencia decrece mientras la mortalidad se mantiene estable. Más del 70% de los casos se diagnostican en estadios I y II. Los tumores luminales (receptores hormonales positivos, HER2 negativos) son el subtipo más frecuente para todos los grupos, la proporción de tumores con estas características aumenta con la edad, mientras decrece la proporción de HER2 positivo y triple negativo. Conclusión: en las mujeres uruguayas el cáncer de mama presenta características diferenciales para las tres franjas de edades analizadas.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer death in women in Uruguay and worldwide. Epidemiological evidence suggests that breast cancer in different age groups behaves as distinct pathologies. The objective of this work is to characterize breast cancer in Uruguay for different age groups. Method: Temporal trends in the incidence of breast cancer in women in Uruguay are analyzed for the period 2002-2019, along with mortality trends for this cause from 1990 to 2020. For the five-year period 2015-2019, the distribution of stages at diagnosis and biological profiles (Luminal, Triple-negative, and Her2 positive) is also analyzed. Three age segments are analyzed: women aged 20 to 44 years, 45 to 69 years, and 70 years and older. Results: The incidence rates for all age groups remained stable during the period 2002-2019, while mortality showed a decreasing trend in the period 1990-2020. In women under 45, there is an increase in incidence, with mortality decreasing until 2010, followed by a stabilization of rates; in women aged 45 to 69, incidence remains stable and mortality decreases; in those over 70, incidence decreases while mortality remains stable. More than 70% of cases are diagnosed at stages I and II. Luminal tumors (hormone receptor positive, Her2 negative) are the most frequent subtype for all age groups. The proportion of tumors with these characteristics increases with age, while the proportion of Her2 positive and triple-negative tumors decreases. Conclusions: In Uruguayan women, breast cancer presents differential characteristics for the three age groups analyzed.

Introdução: O câncer de mama é o tumor maligno mais comum e a principal causa de morte por câncer em mulheres no Uruguai e no mundo. Evidências epidemiológicas sugerem que o câncer de mama se comportaria como patologias distintas em diferentes faixas etárias. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o câncer de mama no Uruguai para diferentes faixas etárias. Materiais e Métodos: São analisadas as tendências temporais da incidência de câncer de mama em mulheres no Uruguai no período 2002-2019 e a mortalidade por esta causa no período 1990-2020. Para o quinquénio 2015-2019 são também analisadas a distribuição dos estádios ao diagnóstico e os perfis biológicos (Luminal, Triplo negativo e Her2 positivo). São analisados três segmentos etários: mulheres dos 20 aos 44 anos, dos 45 aos 69 anos e dos 70 anos ou mais. Resultados: As taxas de incidência para todas as idades permaneceram estáveis no período 2002-2019 enquanto a mortalidade apresentou tendência decrescente no período 1990-2020. Nas mulheres com menos de 45 anos verifica-se um aumento da incidência, com uma redução da mortalidade até 2010, seguida de uma estabilização das taxas; nas mulheres de 45 a 69 anos, a incidência permanece estável e a mortalidade diminui; nas pessoas com mais de 70 anos, a incidência diminui enquanto a mortalidade permanece estável. Mais de 70% dos casos são diagnosticados nos estágios I e II. Os tumores luminais (receptor hormonal positivo, Her2 negativo) são o subtipo mais comum para todos os grupos sem do que a proporção de tumores com essas características aumenta com a idade, enquanto a proporção de (Her2 positivo e triplo negativo) diminui. Conclusão: Nas mulheres uruguaias, o câncer de mama apresenta características diferenciadas para as três faixas etárias analisadas.

Enfermedad oncoproliferativa en el receptor de trasplante renal. Nuestra experiencia / Oncoproliferative diseases in kidney transplant recipients. Our experience

Introducción: El cáncer conlleva a una mortalidad de hasta 12 % en los pacientes trasplantados, y se considera la tercera causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en los receptores, al ser estos susceptibles a desarrollar enfermedades oncoproliferativas, a largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de neoplasias en receptores de trasplante renal. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y longitudinal que incluyó 15 receptores de trasplante renal funcionante, con diagnóstico de neoplasias malignas en diferentes localizaciones en el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2023 en el servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro» de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres y el color de piel blanca: 53,3 % y 73,3% respectivamente, con tiempo postrasplante superior a tres años en 12 pacientes (80 %). El antecedente de exposición al citomegalovirus representó el 80 %; la infección bacteriana de la vía respiratoria y digestiva fue la más frecuente. Conclusiones: La neoplasia intraepitelial cervicouterina, la de colon con metástasis hepática y las cerebrales resultaron las más frecuentes, y fueron tratadas con cirugía, quimioterapias o ambas, según los criterios quirúrgicos en cada caso; no obstante, la mortalidad fue elevada. La estirpe neoplásica preponderante fue la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en un 26,6 %. La mortalidad fue alta y la supervivencia fue menor en el sexo masculino, sin rebasar los dos años posteriores al diagnóstico.

Introduction: cancer entails a mortality of up to 12 % in transplanted patients and is considered the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients who are susceptible to develop oncoproliferative diseases in the long term. Objective: to describe the incidence of neoplasms in renal transplant recipients. Methods: we carried out a descriptive and longitudinal study including 15 functioning renal transplant recipients who were diagnosed with malignant neoplasms in different locations in the Nephrology service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital in Santa Clara, Villa Clara between January 2017 and June 2023. Results: males and white skin color predominated: 53.3 % and 73.3% respectively, with post-transplant time greater than three years in 12 patients (80 %). The history of cytomegalovirus exposure represented 80 %; bacterial infection of the respiratory and digestive tracts was the most frequent. Conclusions: cervicouterine intraepithelial neoplasia, colon cancer with liver and brain metastases were the most frequent and treated with surgery chemotherapies or both according to the surgical criteria in each case; however, mortality was elevated. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia predominated in a 26.6 %. Mortality was high and survival was lower in males, without exceeding two years after the diagnosis.

Caracterización del cáncer vesical en adultos según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas / Characterization of bladder cancer in adults according to clinical and epidemiological variables

Introducción: El cáncer de la vejiga es uno de los más frecuentes del tracto urinario y se manifiesta de dos formas: como tumor superficial de bajo grado o como neoplasia invasora de alto grado. Objetivo: Caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo, para caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio de los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Urología del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro» en el periodo comprendido de octubre 2019 y 2022. Población del estudio: 242 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019 (45,86 %): masculinos (75,20 %); blancos (89,25 %); mayores de 70 o más años (64,46 %) y fumadores (95,45 %). La hematuria fue el síntoma principal (91,73 %), como expresión del carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado (36,77 %). Tratamiento: la resección transuretral (88,01 %), sin metástasis a distancia (88,42 %). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019, masculinos, blancos, mayores de 70 o más años, fumadores y con hematuria. Más frecuente: el carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado. El tiempo trascurrido antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad fue de 36-40 días, y un mes, el tiempo trascurrido antes del tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Introduction: bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the urinary tract and manifests itself in two ways: as a superficial low-grade tumor or as a high-grade invasive neoplasm. Objective: to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective observational study was carried out to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables of patients treated in the Urology service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital from October 2019 and 2022. The study population was 242 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Results: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019 (45.86%): male (75.20%); whites (89.25%); older than 70 or more years (64.46%) and smokers (95.45%). Hematuria was the main symptom (91.73%), as an expression of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (36.77%). The treatment was transurethral resection (88.01%), without distant metastasis (88.42%). Conclusions: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019, male, whites, older than 70 years or older, smokers and with hematuria. Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma was the most frequent cancer. The time elapsed before the diagnosis of the disease was 36-40 days, and the time elapsed before the treatment of the disease was 1 month.