ABSTRACT
Introdução: A paralisia braquial obstétrica (PBO) é resultado de lesão do plexo braquial ao nascimento, podendo ocasionar disfunções do membro superior acometido, repercutindo de forma significativa na vida da criança. Ao avaliar a criança com PBO, o terapeuta ocupacional pode fazer uso de instrumentos de avaliação, devendo ter conhecimentos para escolher e aplicar o instrumento mais apropriado. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar a literatura sobre utilização de instrumentos de avaliação por terapeutas ocupacionais na criança com PBO. Método: A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scirus, Cinahl, Medline, Psycinfo, Scopus e Lilacs, atendendo aos critérios de seleção: estudos realizados em crianças com PBO de 0 a 12 anos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, que tivessem o terapeuta ocupacional como um dos autores e/ou reportassem a aplicação do instrumento por este profissional. Resultados: Foram encontrados 15 estudos, provenientes de seis países que reportaram 17 instrumentos de avaliação, dos quais cinco desenvolvidos recentemente eram específicos para essa clientela. Não foi identificada a necessidade de modificar os instrumentos não específicos para a aplicação nas crianças com PBO, demonstrando que estes podem ser usados em seu formato original, facilitando o uso na prática clínica. A maioria dos instrumentos contemplou aspectos relacionados ao desempenho ocupacional inseridos no domínio de Atividade e Participação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, indicando a preocupação deste profissional em adequar o processo de avaliação da criança com PBO ao paradigma atual de compreensão de saúde e ao campo da Terapia Ocupacional.
Introduction: The Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy (OBPP) is a result of brachial plexus injury at birth and may cause dysfunction of the affected upper limb, reflecting significantly in the child's life. When evaluating a child with OBPP the occupational therapist can use evaluation tools, and has to have knowledge to choose and apply the most appropriate instrument. Objective: This review aimed to analyze the literature on the use of evaluation tools by occupational therapists in children with OBPP. Method: The search for articles was performed in the databases Scirus, Cinahl, Medline, Psycinfo, Scopus and Lilacs using the following selection criteria: studies with 0-12 years old children with OBPP in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published in the last 10 years, with the occupational therapist as one of the authors and/or reporting the application of the instrument by this professional. Results: There were 15 studies from six countries that reported 17 evaluation instruments, five of which, recently developed, were specific to this clientele. The study did not identify the need to modify the non-specific instruments to the application in children with OBPP, demonstrating that they can be used in its original format, facilitating the use in the clinical practice. Most instruments included aspects related to occupational performance inserted in the field of Activity and Participation of the International Classification of Functioning, indicating the concern of this professional in suiting the assessment process of the child with the OBPP to the current paradigm of health understanding and occupational therapy field.
ABSTRACT
Obstetric brachial plexus injuries (OBPP) are a relatively common stretch injury of the brachial plexus that occurs during delivery. Roughly 30 % of patients will not recover completely and will need a surgical repair. Two main treatment strategies have been used: primary surgery, consisting in exploring and reconstructing the affected portions of the brachial plexus within the first few months of the patient's life, and secondary procedures that include tendon or muscle transfers, osteotomies, and other orthopedic techniques. Secondary procedures can be done as the only surgical treatment of OBPP or after primary surgery, in order to minimize any residual deficits. Two things are crucial to achieving a good outcome: (1) the appropriate selection of patients, to separate those who will spontaneously recover from those who will recover only partially or not at all; and (2) a good surgical technique. The objective of the present review is to assess the published literature concerning certain controversial issues in OBPP, especially in terms of the true current state of primary and secondary procedures, their results, and the respective roles each plays in modern-day treatment of this complex pathology. Considerable published evidence compiled over decades of surgical experience favors primary nerve surgery as the initial therapeutic step in patients who do not recover spontaneously, followed by secondary surgeries for further functional improvement. As described in this review, the results of such treatment can greatly ameliorate function in affected limbs. For best results, multi-disciplinary teams should treat these patients.
Subject(s)
Birth Injuries/etiology , Birth Injuries/surgery , Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/etiology , Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Brachial Plexus/injuries , Female , Humans , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Paralisia obstétrica é uma lesão do plexo braquial ao nascimento. Em nosso meio, sua prevalência não é conhecida, mas as disfunções do membro comprometido são muitas vezes frequentes e duradouras. Distócia de ombro é definida como a necessidade de manobras para o desprendimento dos ombros, ou um intervalo maior que 60 segundos entre a saída da cabeça e a dos ombros, estando relacionada a 50% doscasos de lesão do plexo braquial. A maioria dos casos ocorre na ausência de fatores de risco. As manobras de assistência ao parto com distócia de ombro devem ser treinadas e memorizadas. A abordagem da lesão braquial deve ser multidisciplinar. Fisioterapia, reconstrução microcirúrgica do plexo, correção de deformidades articulares secundárias e transposições musculares são empregadas com sucesso. O papel do tratamento conservador e operatório deve ser regularmenterevisado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial.
Obstetric palsy is a brachial plexus injury at birth. In our country, its prevalence is unknown, but the dysfunction of the affected limb are frequent and often long lasting. Shoulder dystocia is defined as the need to maneuver to the delivery of the shoulders, or a range greater than 60 seconds between deliveryng the head and shoulders. It is related to 50% of cases of brachial plexus injury. Most cases occur in the absence of risk factors. The maneuvers of assisted childbirth with shoulder dystociashould be trained and stored. The approach of the brachial injury must be multidisciplinary. Physiotherapy, microsurgical reconstruction of the plexus, secondary correction of joint deformities and muscle transpositionsare employed successfully. The role of conservative treatment and surgical procedures should be regularly reviewed. The aim of this study was performed a literature review about obstetrics brachial plexus palsy.