Brazilian special olympics athletes: Oral health problems.

AIMS: The people with intellectual disabilities have been reported to be a vulnerable population in terms of oral health. This study was carried out to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of oral health data collected from athletes participating in Healthy Athletes Program Special Olympics in Brazil, between the years 2015 and 2019. About 1241 athletes from the Brazil Special Olympics program were screened in the cities of São Paulo, Jundiai and Belo Horizonte (located in southeastern Brazil) and Recife (in northeastern Brazil). At each of these events, volunteer dental professionals performed an oral health screening for each athlete, All oral health assessments were done visually; and extra lighting were available if needed. The examinations were performed with the aid of a wooden spatula of the tongue depressor type and under natural light. The following parameters were recorded: mouth pain, untreated tooth decay, missing teeth, gingival signs, urgency and mouth hygiene habits. Data was analyzed using the STATA 14.0 program. Frequency tables were used for descriptive analyses. Categorical variables were compared between the different years of the event using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test. Continuous variables were compared between different event years using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-hoc analyses. Simple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of age on dental assessment results. For all tests, a p-value was considered significant when less than or equal to .05. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequencies of Mouth Pain and Missing Teeth over the years (p > .05). In relation to Untreated Tooth Decay, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2015 (p = .048). Regarding Gingival Signs of inflammation, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2017 (p < .001). In relation to cases of urgency (in need of treatment (Urgent treatment need, Non-Urgent or Maintenance)), there was a higher frequency (no urgency) in 2016 (p = .007). Finally, in relation to mouth hygiene habits, there is a higher frequency of participants with irregular habits in the years 2017 and 2019 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The dental condition of Brazilian athletes Special Olympycs Brazil reported in this study from 2015 to 2019 showed us that athletes have a high prevalence of dental diseases and these needs could contribute to health damage. The athletes have many unmet dental treatment needs and these needs are similar in different regions of the country and in the years reported.

Análisis de combates femeninos de taekwondo durantelos Juegos Olímpicos de París 2024 / Análise das lutas femininas de taekwondo durante os Jogos Olímpicos de Paris 2024 / Analysis of femaletaekwondo matches during Paris 2024 Olympic Games

Objetivo: Analizar la fase activa de combates durante las semifinales y finales de los Juegos Olímpicos de París 2024. Método: Se examinaron doce combates de las categorías femeninas (≤49 kg, ≤57 kg, ≤67 kg y ≥67 kg) utilizando la técnica de análisis de vídeo con el software Kinovea 2023.1.2. Se registraron la frecuencia y duración de los enfrentamientos, identificando los elementos estructurales del combate: tiempo de intercambio (TI), tiempo latente (TL), espacio de interacción (EI) y distancia de enfrentamiento (DE). Además, se identificaron las técnicas efectivas como elemento funcional del combate, así como la cantidad de acciones técnicas realizadas durante los EI. Resultados: En general, las deportistas realizaron esfuerzos de alta intensidad de manera intercalada, con una ratiode~1,4:1 a favor del TI, distribuidos en 48 espacios por asalto entre EI y DE. Se registraron 69 técnicas efectivas y un total de 729 técnicas ejecutadas durante los EI. Conclusiones: Las deportistas mostraron una predominancia del TI en relación con los esfuerzos. La técnica gulleo chagise destacó como la más efectiva, y la categoría ≤67 kg fue identificada como la más eficaz. En promedio, las deportistas realizaron 3 acciones técnicas por EI. En la práctica, los entrenadores podrían desarrollar entrenamientos intermitentes de alta intensidad utilizando las estructuras del presente estudio como guía.

Objetivo: Analisar a fase ativa dos combates durante as semifinais e finais dos Jogos Olímpicos de Paris 2024. Método: Foram examinados doze combates das categorias femininas (≤49 kg, ≤57 kg, ≤67 kg e ≥67 kg) utilizando a técnica de análise de vídeo com o software Kinovea 2023.1.2. A frequência e a duração dos combates foram registradas, identificando os elementos estruturais do combate: tempo de troca (TT), tempo latente (TL), espaço de interação (EI) e distância de enfrentamento (DE). Além disso, foram identificadas as técnicas eficazes como elemento funcional do combate, bem como o número de ações técnicas realizadas durante os Eis. Resultados: De maneira geral, as atletas realizaram esforços de alta intensidade de forma intercalada, com uma razão de ~1,4:1 a favor do TT, distribuídos em 48 espaços por round entre EI e DE. Foram registradas 69 técnicas eficazes e um total de 729 técnicas executadas durante os EIs. Conclusões: As atletas apresentaram uma predominância do TT em relação aos esforços. A técnica gulleo chagi destacou-se como a mais eficaz, e a categoria ≤67 kg foi identificada como a mais eficiente. Em média, as atletas realizaram 3 ações técnicas por EI. Na prática, os treinadores podem desenvolver treinos intermitentes de alta intensidade utilizando asestruturas deste estudo como guia

Objective: To analyse the active phase of female matches during the semifinals and finals of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.Method:Twelve matches in the female categories (≤49 kg, ≤57 kg, ≤67 kg, and ≥67 kg) were subjected to video analysis using the software Kinovea 2023.1.2. The frequency and duration of the matches were recorded, identifying the structural elements of the combat: exchange time (TI), latent time (LT), interaction space (EI), and engagement distance (DE). Furthermore, effective techniques were identified as a functional element of the combat, as well as the number of technical actions performed during the EI. Results: Overall, the athletes performed high-intensity efforts in an alternating manner, with a ratio of ~1.4:1 in favour of TI, distributed over 48 spaces per round between EIand DE. A total of 69 effective techniques were recorded, with 729 total techniques executed during the EI. Conclusions: The athletes showed a predominance of TIin relation to efforts. The gulleo chagi technique stood out as the most effective, and the ≤67 kg category was identified as the most efficient. On average, athletes performed 3 technical actions per EI. In practice, coaches could develop high-intensity intermittent training using the structures from this study as a guide.

Methods, challenges and benefits of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic athletes: the road from London 2012 to Tokyo 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic candidates over five consecutive Olympic and Paralympic Games cycles (London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016, PyeongChang 2018 and Tokyo 2020). METHODS: Athletes were monitored for 12-18 months preparing for the games using a weekly online questionnaire (OSTRC-H2) with follow-up by physicians and physiotherapists, who provided clinical care and classified reported problems. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2020, 533 Olympic and 95 Paralympic athletes were included in the monitoring programme, with an overall response of 79% to the weekly questionnaire and a total observation period of 30 826 athlete weeks. During this time, 3770 health problems were reported, with a diagnosis rate of 97%. The average prevalence of health problems at any given time was 32% among Olympic athletes and 37% among Paralympic athletes. Acute traumatic injuries represented the greatest burden for Olympic team sport athletes, and illnesses represented the greatest burden for Olympic endurance and Paralympic athletes. On average, Olympic athletes lost 27 days and Paralympic athletes lost 33 days of training per year due to health problems. CONCLUSION: Conducting long-term health monitoring of Olympic and Paralympic athletes is challenging, particularly because athletes travel frequently and often relate to many medical providers. This programme has been implemented and improved within Team Norway for five Olympic and Paralympic cycles and during this time we believe it has helped protect our athletes' health.

Eye clinic attendance at the olympic and paralympic games Rio 2016 and its correlation to the WHO indicators on eye health.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate athletes' frequency of attendance at the eye clinic during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016 and to correlate it to WHO core indicators on progress in ophthalmology care in a country. METHODS: Frequencies of athletes' attendance at the eye clinic were calculated for each country. Countries were classified according to the World Bank income levels in high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country. Data on ophthalmology care for each country were derived from the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness atlas. Data were analysed in view of WHO indicators for each country: visual impairment prevalence considering presenting visual acuity <6/18 to ≥3/60 in the better vision eye; number of ophthalmologists per million people and the cataract surgical rate per year, per million population. RESULTS: The athletes' overall frequency of attendance in the eye clinic was 6.47%. Frequencies of attendance for high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country were 1.97%, 9.66%, 16.54% and 22.43%, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the athletes' attendance frequency of a country and its visual impairment prevalence (r=0.2290, p=0.0017). A negative correlation was observed between the athletes' attendance frequency of a country and its eye health workforce (r=-0.2152, p=0.0026). CONCLUSION: Countries with highest athletes' frequencies of attendance were those that face barriers to eye care provision. These results reinforce the importance of the eye clinic service during the Olympic and Paralympic Games proving access to specialised care to athletes and members of delegation.

Eye care and ocular findings at the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the attendance and ocular profile of competitors and members of delegations who attended the Polyclinic Ophthalmology Division during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016. METHODS: The eye clinic was allocated in the purpose-built polyclinic opened for competitors and members of delegations from 24 July to 18 September 2016. All individuals who attended the service received a comprehensive ocular examination including biomicroscopy, subjective refraction and fundus evaluation. A main clinical finding was assigned for each eye by the ophthalmologist. RESULTS: 5.6% of Olympic Games competitors and 8.9% of Paralympic Games competitors attended the Polyclinic Ophthalmology Division during the Rio Olympic and Paralympic Games. These rates compare with 2.6% and 6.5% at the London Olympic and Paralympic Games (2012). The main clinical finding was refractive error with 79.0% of the individuals receiving a glass prescription during the Olympic Games and 81.3% during the Paralympic Games. CONCLUSION: Our outcomes highlight the importance of the eye service at the polyclinic as it may represent the only opportunity for many individuals involved with the Olympic and Paralympic Games to receive ocular evaluation. Our description of clinic structure, delivery of service and clinical results will be useful in the organisation not only for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 but also for any other large sporting events that involves medical attention in a polyclinic format.

#SafeSport: safeguarding initiatives at the Youth Olympic Games 2018.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about athletes' understanding of safe sport and occurrence of harassment and abuse in elite youth sport. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the IOC Safe Sport educational experience at the Youth Olympic Games 2018 in Buenos Aires and to ascertain the athletes' (1) understanding of what constitutes harassment and abuse, (2) perception of the occurrence in their sport, and (3) knowledge of where to report. METHODS: Athletes visiting the IOC Safe Sport Booth answered a survey related to athletes' (1) understanding of harassment and abuse in sport, (2) perception of the occurrence of harassment and abuse in their sport, and (3) knowledge of where to report. Experts and volunteers answered an email survey on their experience. RESULTS: The response rate was 71.8%. When asked to define 'safe sport', the athletes mainly relate the concept to general physical and environmental safety, fair play and clean sport, rather than sport free from harassment and abuse. Almost half (46%) of the athletes expressed surprise by the definition of behaviours of harassment and abuse within sport. When asked if harassment and/or abuse occur in their sport, 47.5% reported 'no' or 'not likely', while 34% stated 'likely' or 'very likely'; 19% were 'unsure'. The majority (63%) of athletes knew where to seek help. Three quarters (71%) of the athletes rated the educational materials as 'good' to 'excellent'. The experts and volunteers believed the intervention would result in change in athletes' awareness, knowledge and behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: This multinational cohort of elite youth athletes is not knowledgeable of the concept of harassment and abuse in sport, despite there being a significant perception of occurrence of harassment and abuse in their sports.

MRI-Detected Sports-Related Knee Injuries and Abnormalities at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe knee abnormalities and the occurrence of MRI-detected sports-related knee abnormalities by evaluating MRI examinations performed during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games held in August 2016. CONCLUSION: There were 11,274 athletes at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and 113 of them underwent at least one knee MRI in the Olympic Village. Cartilage abnormalities, followed by meniscal tears and ligament sprains, were the most frequent abnormalities.

The epidemiology of MRI detected shoulder injuries in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics.

BACKGROUND: To use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to characterize the severity, location, prevalence, and demographics of shoulder injuries in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all routine shoulder MRIs obtained from the Olympic Village Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Imaging was performed on 1.5 T and 3 T MRI, and interpretation was centrally performed by a board-certified musculoskeletal radiologist. Images were assessed for tendon, muscle, bone, bursal, joint capsule, labral, and chondral abnormality. RESULTS: A total of 11,274 athletes participated in the Games, of which 55 (5%) were referred for a routine shoulder MRI. Fifty-three (96%) had at least two abnormal findings. Seven (13%) had evidence of an acute or chronic anterior shoulder dislocation. Forty-nine (89%) had a rotator cuff partial tear and / or tendinosis. Subacromial / subdeltoid bursitis was present in 29 (40%). Thirty (55%) had a tear of the superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of both acute and chronic shoulder injuries in the Olympic athletes receiving shoulder MRI. The high rates of bursal, rotator cuff, and labral pathology found in these patients implies that some degree of glenohumeral instability and impingement is occurring, likely due to fatigue and overuse of the dynamic stabilizers. Future studies are needed to better evaluate sport-specific trends of injury.

Needle-use declarations at the Olympic Games Rio 2016.

AIM: We report on the results of the 'IOC Needle Policy' applied during the course of the Games of the XXXI Summer Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The policy was intended to empower physicians to ensure appropriate clinical use of needles within team medical environments, enhance the safety of those responsible for housekeeping services and others in the Olympic environment, and permit documentation of such procedures as an adjunct to the doping control programme. Any needle use required the submission of an 'Injection Declaration Form' to IOC medical officials. METHOD: All 'Injection Declaration Forms' were reviewed and archived. The declarations provided basic information regarding the nature of the needle use and the product(s) involved, the physician, athlete and respective National Olympic Committee (NOC). The details of the declarations were subsequently categorised. RESULTS: A total of 367 declarations were received from physicians representing 49 NOCs. Needle-use declarations were more common in athletics, gymnastics, football and aquatics. A single product was administered in 60% of the cases, and more than one product was administered in 40%. The majority of declarations indicated the use of local anaesthetics, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics. CONCLUSION: The introduction of a 'Needle Policy' in the Olympic Games setting was intended to minimise the use of needles by non-physicians, promote evidence-based practice and to deter needle-based doping practices. Declarations were received from 49 of 209 NOCs suggesting either that needle use is minimal among certain teams or opportunities remain to enhance compliance with such policies at future games.

Epidemiology of imaging-detected tendon abnormalities in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics.

BACKGROUND: Tendon abnormalities are prevalent among both elite and non-elite athletes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities are used to confirm and evaluate the severity of such lesions. AIM: To describe the demographics, prevalence, anatomical location and characteristics of tendon abnormalities in athletes who participated in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. METHODS: We recorded all sports injuries reported by the National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and the Organizing Committee medical staff during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Diagnostic imaging was performed through the official IOC clinic within the Olympic Village, using digital ultrasound machines and 3T and 1.5T MR scanners. Image interpretation was performed centrally by board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists with expertise in sports injuries. RESULTS: In total, 11 274 athletes (5089 women (45%), 6185 men (55%)) from 207 NOCs were included. NOC and Rio de Janeiro 2016 medical staff reported 1101 injuries. Central review of radiological images revealed 156 tendon abnormalities in 109 athletes (51.2% male, mean age: 26.8, range 18-39). The supraspinatus tendon was the most commonly involved tendon (31 cases, 19.9%), followed by the Achilles tendon (20 cases, 12.8%) and patellar and infraspinatus tendons (12 cases, 7.7%). Tendon abnormalities were most commonly seen in track and field athletes (54 abnormalities, 34.6%). CONCLUSION: 156 tendon abnormalities were reported, most commonly in track and field athletes, and involving mainly the shoulder tendons, as well as Achilles and patellar tendons.

2016 Rio Olympics: an epidemiological study of the men's and women's Rugby-7s tournaments.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during the men's and women's 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 Sevens World Series (SWS) and 2016 Olympic Games Rugby Sevens tournaments. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: All players from the core teams competing in the men's and women's 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 SWS (men: 15 teams; women: 11 teams) and all players from the men's (12 teams) and women's (12 teams) 2016 Rio Olympics tournaments. RESULTS: The gold, silver and bronze medal-winning women's teams contained bigger players (body mass and stature) than other teams but the men's medal winning teams came from across the size spectrum of men's teams competing at Rio 2016. The incidences of injury in the men's tournaments (2014/2015 SWS: 107.7 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI 90.9 to 127.4); 2015/2016 SWS: 109.7 (95% CI 93.7 to 128.6); Rio 2016: 124.5 (95% CI 73.7 to 210.2)) were higher but not statistically significant than those in the equivalent women's tournaments (2014/2015 SWS: 88.5 (95% CI 68.4 to 114.5), p=0.250; 2015/2016 SWS: 109.4 (95% CI 84.2 to 142.2), p=0.984; Rio 2016: 71.1 (95% CI 35.6 to 142.2), p=0.208). There were no statistically significant differences between the incidences of injury at the men's and women's 2016 Rio Olympics and the equivalent 2014/2015 (men: p=0.603; women: p=0.562) and 2015/2016 (men: p=0.652; women: p=0.254) SWS. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence, severity and nature of the injuries sustained during the men's and women's Rio 2016 Rugby-7s tournaments fell within the normal range of values for international Rugby-7s tournaments.

Cultura esportiva e as olimpíadas escolares na grande imprensa capixaba (1946-1954) / Sports culture and the school olympics in the great press of the state of espírito santo (1946-1954)

RESUMO O estudo investiga as práticas culturais esportivas na sociedade capixaba no período entre 1946 e 1954. Como corpus documental, utiliza dois jornais que circularam na Capital do Espírito Santo e o Arquivo Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. Utiliza as proposições de Norbert Elias para pensar a polissemia do esporte,enfatizando o que se convencionou chamar de princípio civilizador, que busca ser um controlador de pulsões, de desejos e da individualidade. Apoia-se, também, no paradigma indiciário de Ginzburg que, por meio de indícios e pistas deixados nos documentos, nos levam a compreender parte da cultura esportiva capixaba e sua relação com as Olimpíadas Escolares. Aponta as Olimpíadas Escolares como parte integrante da Cultura Esportiva capixaba, veiculada pela grande imprensa do período, que dá visibilidade para a um novo enfoque para o esporte que acontece nas escolas. Um fenômeno que procura, por meio do esporte, congregar as diversas regiões do Espírito Santo que, pela imigração, constituíram diferentes culturas. Dessa forma, o esporte aparece como elemento homogeneizador e catalisador de uma cultura que é cosmopolita.

ABSTRACT The study investigates the sports cultural practices in Capixaba society in the period between 1946 and 1954. As a documentary corpus, uses two newspapers circulated in the capital of the Espírito Santo and the Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo File. Uses the propositions of Norbert Elias and Roberto Da Matta to think the object in its different forms and meanings, emphasizing the so-called civilizing principle, which seeks to be a drives controller, desires and individuality . It relies also on evidential paradigm Ginzburg that, through evidence and clues left in the documents, make us understand part of Capixaba sports culture and its relationship with the School Olympics. Points out the School Olympics as part of Culture Sports Capixaba, conveyed by the press of the period, giving visibility to a new approach to the sport that happens in schools. A phenomenon that seeks, through sport, bringing together the various regions of the Espírito Santo, immigration, were different cultures. Thus, the sport appears as homogenizer element and catalyst of a culture that is cosmopolitan.

Arboviral and other illnesses in travellers returning from Brazil, June 2013 to May 2016: implications for the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

We evaluated EuroTravNet (a GeoSentinel subnetwork) data from June 2013 to May 2016 on 508 ill travellers returning from Brazil, to inform a risk analysis for Europeans visiting the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brazil. Few dengue fever cases (n = 3) and no cases of chikungunya were documented during the 2013-15 Brazilian winter months, August and September, the period when the Games will be held. The main diagnoses were dermatological (37%), gastrointestinal (30%), febrile systemic illness (29%) and respiratory (11%).

Futsal, um sonho olímpico: o jogo de poder FIFA x COI / Futsal, an olympic dream: the power play FIFA x COI / Fútbol sala, un sueño olímpico: el juego de poder de la FIFA y COI

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de inclusão da modalidade futsal nos Jogos Olímpicos. Para tanto, numa perspectiva de encontrar os motivos da não inclusão da modalidade, esta investigação teve por base uma busca documental, de estudos relacionados ao assunto entre dissertações, teses e artigos nos sites: portal da capes, bireme, google acadêmico e demais fontes encontradas em sites de periódicos esportivos de livre acesso na internet. Os resultados apontam que apesar do futsal atingir todos os critérios para se tornar uma modalidade olímpica, há uma disputa de poder entre o Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI) e a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) dificultando a inclusão do futsal.

This article aims to discuss the process of inclusion of the futsal in the Olympics Games. For this purpose, with a view to find the reasons for the non-inclusion of the sport, this research was based on a documentary search, studies related to the subject of dissertations, theses and articles on the websites: portal capes, bireme, academic google and other sources found in sports periodicals sites freely accessible on the internet. The results show that despite the futsal meet all the criteria to become an olympic sport; there is a power struggle between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) hindering the inclusion of futsal.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo discutir el proceso de inclusión de fútbol sala en los Juegos Olímpicos. Para ello, con el fin de encontrar las razones de la no inclusión de este deporte, esta investigación se basó en una búsqueda documental, estudios relacionados con el tema de disertaciones, tesis y artículos en los sitios web: cabos portal, birreme, google académico y otras fuentes encontraron en los deportes de periódicos sitios de libre acceso en Internet. Los resultados muestran que a pesar del fútbol sala cumplen todos los criterios para convertirse en un deporte olímpico, hay una lucha de poder entre el Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) y la FIFA (FIFA) que dificulta la inclusión de fútbol sala.

Rapid Spread of Zika Virus in The Americas--Implications for Public Health Preparedness for Mass Gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games.

Mass gatherings at major international sporting events put millions of international travelers and local host-country residents at risk of acquiring infectious diseases, including locally endemic infectious diseases. The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently aroused global attention due to its rapid spread since its first detection in May 2015 in Brazil to 22 other countries and other territories in the Americas. The ZIKV outbreak in Brazil, has also been associated with a significant rise in the number of babies born with microcephaly and neurological disorders, and has been declared a 'Global Emergency by the World Health Organization. This explosive spread of ZIKV in Brazil poses challenges for public health preparedness and surveillance for the Olympics and Paralympics which are due to be held in Rio De Janeiro in August, 2016. We review the epidemiology and clinical features of the current ZIKV outbreak in Brazil, highlight knowledge gaps, and review the public health implications of the current ZIKV outbreak in the Americas. We highlight the urgent need for a coordinated collaborative response for prevention and spread of infectious diseases with epidemic potential at mass gatherings events.

Narrativas de atletas de voleibol nos jogos olímpicos (1964 e 1968) / Narratives of volleyball athletes in the olympic games (1964 and 1968) / Narrativas de atletas de voleibol en los juegos olímpicos (1964 y 1968)

Este estudo tem como objetivo reconstruir as memórias das participações dos atletas sul-riograndenses de voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos de 1964 e 1968. Deste modo, busca, por meio da história oral, historiar narrativas da vida esportiva dos primeiros atletas sul-rio-grandenses a participarem na modalidade voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos: Marco Antônio Volpi e Gérson Albino Schuch. Marco Volpi foi considerado o melhor jogador brasileiro na competição, nos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio (1964). Integra novamente a seleção brasileira de voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos de 1968, no México, juntamente com o conterrâneo Gérson Schuch. Ambos eram praticantes de outros esportes nos clubes da capital sul-rio-grandense, além de se destacarem no voleibol. Os depoimentos demonstram que a experiência olímpica é constantemente atualizada na memória do atleta que a vive, assim como o auxilia na construção de sua identidade esportiva.

This study aims to reconstruct the memories of the participations of Volleyball athletes from Rio Grande do Sul in the Olympic Games, in the years 1964 and 1968. In this way, through oral history, seeks historicizing narratives of the sport life of the first athletes from Rio Grande do Sul to participate in the volleyball in the Olympic Games: Marco Antonio Volpi and Gerson Albino Schuch through oral history. Marco Volpi was present in the Olympic Games in Tokyo (1964), and he was considered the best Brazilian player in the competition. He was member of the Brazilian volleyball team again in 1968 Olympics in Mexico, along with his team mate Gerson Schuch. Both of them were players of other sports clubs of Rio Grande do Sul capital, and both standing out in volleyball. The statements show that the Olympic experience is constantly updated in the athlete's memory that lives, as well as assists in the construction of its sporting identity.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo reconstruir los recuerdos de las participaciones de los atletas de Voleibol del Rio Grande del Sur en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1964 y 1968. De esta manera se busca, a través de la historia oral, historizar narraciones de la vida deportiva de los primeros atletas del Río Grande del Sur para participar en el deporte de voleibol en los Juegos Olímpicos: Marco Antonio Volpi y Gerson Albino Schuch. Marco Volpi fue considerado el mejor jugador de Brasil en la competición, en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio (1964). Él fue miembro de la selección brasileña de voleibol de nuevo en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1968 en México, junto con su compañero Gershon Schuch. Ambos eran practicantes de otros clubes deportivos de la capital de Rio Grande del Sur, además de se destacar en el voleibol. Las declaraciones muestran que la experiencia olímpica se actualiza constantemente en la memoria del atleta que vive, así como ayuda en la construcción de su identidad deportiva.

Jogos olímpicos em revista: um estudo sobre a participação brasileira nos jogos olímpicos (1968-1996) / Olympic games in magazine: a study of brazilian participation in the olympic games (1968-1996) / Juegos olímpicos en revista: un estudio de la participación de Brasil en los juegos olímpicos (1968-1996)

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar narrativas midiáticas sobre jogos olímpicos, a partir de reportagens da Revista Veja, de 1968 a 1996. Para tanto, utilizou-se como técnica a Análise de Conteúdo. Os seguintes eixos temáticos foram identificados e discutidos a partir das narrativas: 1) ser olímpico, referindo-se ao sentido da participação amadora dos brasileiros; 2) o clamor por atletas competitivos, correspondendo à cobrança por uma melhor organização e resultados esportivos; 3) de indigentes a heróis olímpicos ­ narrativas que apontam a mudança de papel na participação dos brasileiros, enfatizando os bons resultados.

This study aims to analyze media narratives about the Olympics from materials and/or stories published in Revista Veja from 1968 to 1996. For doing so, the Content Analysis method were used. The following thematic classes were identified and discussed: 1) being an Olympian - related to Brazilian amateur participation; 2) the claim for competitive athletes - corresponding to demands for better sport organization and perfomances; 3) from "indigent" to Olympic heroes - narratives that link the changing role of Brazilian participation, emphasizing good results.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de medios sobre juegos olímpicos, a partir de reportajes de la Revista Veja, de 1968 a 1996. Para tanto, se utilizó como técnica el Análisis de Contenido. Los siguientes temas fueron identificados y discutidos a partir de las narrativas: 1) ser "Olímpico" en referencia al sentido de la participación aficionada de los brasileños; 2) el clamor por atletas competitivos correspondiendo a el cobro por una mejor organización y resultados deportivos; 3) de "indigentes" a héroes olímpicos - narrativas que vinculan el papel cambiante de la participación de Brasil, enfatizando los buenos resultados.

A OLIMPÍADA ESCOLAR E A ESPORTIVIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO: CONTINUIDADES E DESCONTINUIDADES (1946-1954) / THE SCHOOL OLYMPICS AND THE SPORTIVIZATION PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ESPÍRITO SANTO: CONTINUITIES AND ISCONTINUITIES (1946-1954)

RESUMO Analisa a temática da Olimpíada Escolar no Estado do Espírito Santo entre 1946 e 1954. Objetiva compreender a relação da Olimpíada Escolar com o processo de esportivização da Educação Física. Opera com o conceito decivilidade desenvolvido por Elias (1992) e Da Matta (1994), e com o modelo do paradigma indiciário e decircularidade proposto por Ginzburg (1989, 2000). Utiliza como fonte os jornais A Gazeta e A Tribuna e o arquivo pessoal de Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. As Olimpíadas Escolares constituíram um importante evento para o governo e para a sociedade capixaba. Esse acontecimento tinha como foco os estudantes do ensino secundário, com o objetivo de envolvê-los em um projeto nacional, educativo e civilizatório que, por sua vez, era coordenado, entre os anos de 1946 e 1954, pelo Serviço de Educação Física, localizado na Escola de Educação Física do Espírito Santo.

ABSTRACT Analyses the issue of School Olympics in Espírito Santo State between 1946 and 1954. It aims at understanding the relationship of the School Olympics with sportivization of Physical Education. Operates with the concept ofcivility developed by Elias (1992) and Da Matta (1994) and the model of the evidentiary paradigm andcircularity proposed by Ginzburg (1989, 2000). Used as source the newspaper A Gazeta and A Tribunaand the personal archive of Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. The School Olympics were an important event for the government and for the Espírito Santo society. This event was focused on the high school students, in order to involve them in a national, educational and civilizing project, which in turn was coordinated between the years 1946 and 1954, by the Physical Education Department, located in College of Physical Education of the Espírito Santo.

Os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos Rio 2016: propostas para o esporte educacional, de participação e de rendimento / The Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016: proposals for educational, participation and elite sport

Este trabalho visou identificar as propostas de legados para o esporte no Brasil a partir do Dossiê de Candidatura do Rio de Janeiro à Sede dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos 2016 e Cadernos de Legado Rio 2016. A pesquisa se caracteriza como documental de cunho qualitativo. Selecionamos do Dossiê de Candidatura e dos Cadernos de Legado as propostas para o esporte que são apontadas como consequência da vinda dos Jogos. Para cada proposta buscamos identificar: 1) dimensão esportiva (educacional, participação e rendimento); 2) nível de alcance; 3) público-alvo; e 4) orçamento. Concluímos que dentre as diferentes dimensões do esporte, o de rendimento será privilegiado. São poucas as propostas que visam ampla disseminação da prática esportiva. A maioria das propostas se restringe à cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ao período pré-Jogos. O esporte educacional não é significativamente contemplado quando comparado às outras dimensões do esporte, o que contradiz a Política Nacional do Esporte e a Constituição Federal de 1988. Mais estudos são necessários para subsidiar o direcionamento das ações do governo no sentido de se garantir o acesso ao esporte como um direito de todos.

The goal of this study was to identify the promises for sport development in Brazil based on the Candidature File for Rio de Janeiro to Host the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games and the Legacy Notebooks Rio 2016. The research was documental and qualitative. We selected proposals for sport of the Candidature File and Legacy Books that are identified as a result of the Olympic Games. For each promise we identified: 1) dimension of sport (educational, participation and elite); 2) range level; 3) target public; and 4) budget. We concluded that elite sport will be privileged and that there is a lack of proposals for broad dissemination of sport. Most proposals are restricted to the city of Rio de Janeiro and to the pre-Games period. Educational sport is not significantly contemplated compared to the other dimensions of sport, which contradicts the National Sport Policy and the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution. More studies are needed to help directing actions in order to ensure sport for all as a legal right of all Brazilian citizens.